iasii(^i^^ 



OF 

GENERAL LAFAYETTE, 

WITH AN ACCOUNT 

OE HIS 

VISIT TO AMERICA, 

AND OF HIS RECEPTION BY THE 

PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES; 

FROM HIS ARRIVAL, AUGUST 1 5tH, 
TO THE 

CELEBRATION AT YORKTOWN, 

OCTOBER 19th, 1824. 

BOSTO.^: 

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY E. G. HOUSE, 

JYb. 13, Merchants-Hall. 



!-- V 



DIST.IICT OF MASSACHUSETTS^To mt ,- 

Dutrici Chrk's OJicBo 

BE it remembered, that on 'he 2d day of ISuveaiber, A.D, 
l}i24, in (he forty-niuth ve^r rfthe ,-n'!€pfndtn..t: of the U- 
Bited States of America, E G. House, of the Rajd d;s;rict, has 
deposited in (bis office th^^ (.tie of a book, the right whereof he 
cl iiiis as proprietor, in the worrls foJlowng, to wit — Meuioirs of 
Gent"^a] LafivjtUe, with a'i ?;coount of his visit to Anj«-rica; and 
of hi? lecpptitii by the people of the United States, from his arri- 
val, All-. 15, to the celebration ut ¥ork(own, Oct. 19, 1824. 

In conformity to the act of the Congress of the Uniif i States, 
entitled, " aa sx t for the encouragenieDt of learning, by securing 
the copies of maps, charts and books, to the authors and propri- 
etors of SM -h cnpie«, during the times therein mentioned :'' and 
also to an act entitled " an act enppleraentary to an act,eDti(]ed 
an act for i\.e fcucouragement of learning", by secnring the copies 
of maps, charts ond books, t© the authors and proprietors of such 
copies during the times therein mentioned ; and extending the 
benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving and etching 
historical, and other prints." 

JNO. W. DAVIS, Clerk of th^DisU of Mass, 



ADVERTISEMENT, 

BY THE EDITOR. 

IT is a poor apology to offer for any defect 
ov omission in a work intended for tiie infor- 
niaiion of the publle, ti^at it was prepared hi 
haste. Yet in tlie presciit case it can be of- 
fered with tnith. The Editor of this volume 
knew ijotliing of the plan, until it had been 
some time proposed, and many subscribers ob< 
tained. The gentleman by whom it was first 
intendeil to have been prepared, was sudden- 
ly taken away^ without writing, or even col- 
leeiing any thing for the volume. It was un- 
dertaken with reluctance, as it was known the 
public would be impatient for the Avork, and 
as the publisher was also desirous it should 
be prepared in a few weeks. It is only fifty 
days since the task was begun. It is believ- 
ed, however, thot several documents, not yes 
published^ will be found in this volume ; anil 



ADVERTISEMENT. 



that many events and incidents are preserved, 
which would otherwise have been lost to the 
public. 

Every thing relating to the life and charac- 
ter of this extraordinary man, is certainly wor- 
thy of remembrance bj? the benevolent and in- 
telligent through the civilized world, and es- 
pecially by Americans, to whom he has ren- 
dered the most essential services. The en- 
deavour has been to avoid panegyric ; though 
in this case, a plain statement of facts may be 
construed, by those ignorant of the life of La 
Fayette, into a disposition to bestov/ extrava- 
gant praise. 

It luis been a source of much satisfaction to 
ilie Editor, to find so many proofs of consist- 
ency and of principle, as well as of zeal in the 
cause of rational liberty, which the life of this 
heroic and disinterested personage aiTords, 
And if he shall appear in this hasty memoir, 
as the ardent, undeviating and sincere friend 
of civil freedom and of the rights of man, it 
will be because he justly merits such a high 
eharacter. 

In the account of his reception by the peo- 
ple of this country, in various places, during 
his present visit, it may be thought that we 



ADVERTISEMENf. V 

have been too parlicular. It was promisedj 
however, in the proposals for the volume, that 
such relation would he given. It is believ- 
ed that it will be found to be interesting, 
and that it will be a satisfaction hereafter, to 
recur to it. This account embraces the time 
which elapsed after he landed at New York, 
August 15, 1824, to the celebration of the cap- 
ture of the Brittish army at Yorktovvn, Octo- 
ber 19. These statements were copied prin- 
cipally from the pjblic nevv^^papers ; and it 
was thought to be unnecess?iry to give credit 
for tliem, or to insert the usual marks of quo- 
tation. 

Boston, A^ov. 1, 1824. 



a2 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

Introductory remarks, - - 13, 14 

Birth and education of La Fayette, - 15 

His purpose to visit Am^-rica in 1777, - , '^ 

/ His arrival and early service in America, - 17 

Battle of 5'randy wine, - - • 17 

Washington's attachment to him, - - 18 

Commands in northern department, - - 18 

Escape from British near Philadelphia, - 19 

Battle of Monmouth, . - - - J9 

Brave conduct of La Fayette, - - 19 

A volunteer to R. Island, - - 20 

Journey to Boston, - - - 20 

Proposal to visit France, - - - 21 
Resentment of the conduct of British Commissioner, 22 

Visit to Boston, - - - - 23 

Fmbarks there for France, - - 25 

R solve of Congress honorable to La Fayette, 27 

Letter of Franklin, - - . 28 

Return to America in 1780, - - 29 

Sfjrvices in France in behalf of America^ - 30 

Letter of Gen. Washington, - - 31 

Commands in Virginia in 1781, - - 33 

His services and bravery in that department, ^ 



S CONTEND*; 

Escapes from Cornwallis, - - ^4 
His troops deserting;, - - - 34 
Critical situation, - - 36 
His conduct approved by Washington, - - 36, 
He applaud"^ Gen. \Aayne, - - 36 
Propo*<-s to visit Fance again, - - 39 
Kesoives oi(^on^ress approving his conduct, - 40 
Letter to Congress, - - - 41 
His letter to S. Adams, . - - 42 
Mr Adam's reply, - - - 45 
Doings of Massachusetts, * - - 4r 
Details of service at Yorktown, - - 48, 49 
Events on his return to France, - - 54 
Letter to "^ir H. Clinton, - - - 54 
<:^ Visit to America in 1784, - - 55, 56 
Arrives in Boston, - - - 57 
His reception, - - - 58 
Honorable notice of his services, by Congress, 60 
His public conduct in 1786, - - - 63 
Meeting of States' General, 1787, - 64 
In favor of reform, - - • 64 
New ('onstitu<ion in ;789, - - 65 
Supported by La Tayette, - - 65- 
Parties in France and civil commotions, - 67, 68 
Commands the Militia of Paris, - - 65 
1 he Parisian mob, - - - - 68 
Struggle for power between monarchists and re- 
formers, - - - - 67, 70 
Louis attempts to leave France, - - 71 
Jacobin clubs, - - - 71, 72 
Letter to Bouille, - - - 72 
His enemies cabal, - - »> 74' 
Commands part of the French army, ^- 74 



CONTENTS. 9 

Letter to the national assembly, June 1792, 75 
Letter to the King, - - - ^1 
Letter to the assembly, - - - - 82 
Opposed and denounced by the Jacobins, - 84 
His firmness and patriotism, - - 85 
His address to the soldiers, - - 86 
Leaves France, - - - - 87 
Arrested and confined, - - - 88 
Removed to prison at Oimutz, - - 88 
His letter, - - - , - 88 
Washington seeks for his release, - 90 
Fox and others intercede for his release, - 92 
Bollman and Huger attempt his deliverence, - 93 
Failure, and subsequent confinement, - 94 
Madame de La Fayette, - - - 95, 96 
Her imprisonment, - - - 96 
La Fayette released, - - - 97 
Reply to Emperor of Austria, - - 98 
Proceeds to Holland, - - - 98 
Return to France 1800, - - - 99 
Offered a seat in the Senate by Bonaparte, - 100 
His income ari e«fr.ies, - - - 100 
His letter (o the First Consul, - - 101 
Not a supporter of Bonaparte, - - 103 
Neglected by Napoleon, - - 103 
G. W. La Fayette, - - -103 
Death of Madame de La Fayette, - 104 
Her character, - - - - 104 
Retirement of La Fayette, - - 105 
Louis XVlil restored, - - - 106 
La Fayette desirous of constitutional lib' rty, - 107 
His conduct after the battle of Waterloo and abdica- 
tion of Napoleon. , . - 107 



10 CONTENTS. 

Retirement to private life, - - 110 

Correspondence with A. Hamilton, - - 112 

His fomilj, - - - - 112 

Madame de StaePs opinion of him, - 113 

Elected a member of assembly 1819, - 115 

His efforts for constitutional liberty, - 116 

His mode of life, and employment, - 118 

His Benevolence, - - - 119 

Gen. Washington's kindness to his son, - 120 

Visit of Mr. Fox to La Fayette, - - 121 

Manners of Madame La Fayette, - - 123 

Religion of La Fayette, - - 125 

Charity among christians, - - 126 

His character and opinions, - - 126, 1^ 

His decision and consi^itency, - - 129 

Invitation of Congress, - - . ISO 

do. from Boston, &c. - . - 131 

His replies, - - - - 132 

His arrival at Ne'vV-York, - - 133 

Hi3 reception in New- York, - - 134 

Journey to Boston, - - - . 141 

His arrival in Boston, - ^ - 145 

Address of the Mayor, - • - 147 

His answer, - - - - 149 

Address of Governor of Massachusetts, - 153 

Address of Cincinnati, - - 155 

Answer to do. - - - 157 

Commancement, - - - 159 

Visited by Rostonians, , . . 162 

Phi Beta Knpp^, . . . .163 

Visit to Char estown and Bunker Hill, . 166 

Bunk'-r Hill Monument, . . 169 

Visit tif G©v. Brooks, . . . 170 



CONTENTS. 1 1 

Evenino; Parties, . . ' .172 

Braltle Street Church, ... 172 

ViSit to President Adams, . . 173 

Military parade, . • • . ^ 173 

Apology for great rejoicings, . . 175 

Mihiia, . . ■ • .175 

Visit to SaUm, . • - .176 

Add.e's of J'«d-e Story, . • 1'79 

Visit to Ipsvv.Lii, and Nevvburyport, . 183 

To Portsmovah, . • • "^^^ 

Return to i^^ost-'n, . . - 1S9 

Visit to Lexiiiorto'.' and Concord, . 191, 102 

Bolton, Lancdaiter, . • • 193 

Visit to Worcester, . • • 195 

Judge Ltncola's address, . . • 196 

Journey to Connecticut, . . 198 

Reception t Hirtford, . . 198 

Return to New-York, . . • 201 

La Fayette's toasts, . . . 202 

Visit to the schools, . • • 203 

Grand ball at Casile Garden, . . 204 

Visit to West-Poiat, ... 20G 

Visit to Newburgh, . • .207 

His visit to Hudson, ;. • • 208 

Arrival at Albany, . • • ^^9 

Kindness to soldier?, in I777y • • 210 

Returns to New York, . • .211 

Journey through New-Jersey, • • 212 

Princeton, . . • • . >ti^ 

Trenton, . . • • .213 

Philadelphia, . . . • 214, 216 

Governor's address, . . • • 214 

Reply to the sarae, • • • '^^* 



12 OONTENTS. 

Address of Mayor, . * » 220 

The answer, . . . . 221 

Uiumination ... . . 222 

Vindication of Quakers, . . . 222 

Reply to Frenchmen, . . ' . 2:24 

Cnpt. Barron's address, . ". . 225 
Answer to same, .... 2'26 

Journey through Delaware, . . 226 

Visit to Baltimore, . . . 227, 230 

Address of Cincinnati, . • . 231 

Address of Gov. Maryland, . . 232 

Answer, • . . . . 233 

Governor Sprigg-, . . . .234 

Visit to Washington, ... 236 

Reception by the President, . .. 259 

Address of Mayor of Washington, . 240 

Visit to Alexandria, . . ' . 243 

To the tomb of Washington, . . 243 

Arrival in Yorktown, . . . 244 

Jefferson's letter, . . , 245 

Address of Committee of Virginia, . 246 

Answer of La Fayette, . . . 248 

Address of Governor of Virginia, . . 249 

Reply of La Fayette, ... 249 

His reception at Yorktown, . . 250, 251 

Address of Col. Lewis, . . . 252 

Answer to same, . , . 253 

Parade and ceremonies, on 19th Oct. . 255 

Custis' address, • . . 259 

Departure for Norfolk, , . 261 

Conclusion, . . - 263 



OF 



Among the many great men who have distinguished 
theifiselves in the present age, for their attachment 
and devotion to the cause of civil Uberty, general La 
Fayette is one of the most eminent. During the last 
fifty years, great changes have been made or attempted 
in human governments, highly favourable to political 
freedom and the rights of mankind. In some cases, 
indeed, revolutions have not been conducted upon just 
principles nor by prudent councils ; and the immediate 
results have been disasterous rather than beneficial. 
Changes have taken place without direct and visible 
improvement ; and efforts to meliorate the condition 
of man have produced a reaction in the adherents to 
antient arbitrary systems, which have given occasion 
to much suifeiing and great excesses. 

The struggle for freedom by the patriotic citizens 
of America, towards the close of the last ceiUury, was 
successful ; and has proved most auspicious to human 
happiness. We have reason to hope, that its blessings 
will not be confinedto this western centinent. A spirit 
of enquiry, indeed, has gone abroad in th^ world. It 
B 



i4 MEMOIRS eP LA FAYETTE. 

is Spreading in Europe : and though we devoutly wish it 
may not prove the occasion of bloody contests, we 
shall rejoice to trace its fruits in the gradual destruc- 
;tion of old despotic systems, and in the general diffu- 
sion of knowledge among the people, and the enjoy- 
ment of those equal and just rights, which mild gov- 
ernments are calculated to secure. 

In our own beloved country, we can host of many sincere 
patriots and heroes besides our ^ paternal chief,' the 
revered Washington, '' who was first in war, first in 
peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen ;" others 
will be recollected, who devoted themselves to the 
cause of liberty and their country, with a sincerity and 
zeal almost without a parallel in the annals of history. 
Their memories will not cease to be revered while 
Americans are distinguished for a love of civil freedom. 
It must be acknowledged, however, that there was 
a peculiar disinterestedness in the services and sacrifi- 
ces of the Marquis La Fayette in defence of American 
independence. It was from a noble and enthusiastic 
love of liberty, that he was induced to cherish and 
advocate our cause. It was for strangers and in a for- 
eign land, that he went forth to defend the rights of 
man, assailed by the hand of arbitrary power. He 
was not a desperate adventurer, without fortune, or 
friends, or honors. He .was surrounded with all these 
in his own country. He belonged to a very antient 
and noble family^ and inherited a large estate. The 
original fiimily name was Metier ; but for several gen- 
orations back had assumed the a'ldition of La Fayeit'e. 
Some of his male ancestors were distinguished for mil- 
itary, and some of the females for literary talents. 
IHs income was 200.000 francs. Hii property and 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE 15 

iftfluence were increased by a matrimonial connexioa 
with a lady of the truly illustrious house of Noailes. 
He was married at the age of eighteen. 

Marie-Paul-Joseph-Roch-Yves-Gilbert-Motier de 
La Fayette was born at the chateau de Chavagnac in 
the province of Auvergne, September 6th 1757. The 
rank and aflQuence of his family secured for him the best 
education : and this, according to the fashion of the 
times in France, was not only in classical and polite 
literature, but united also a knowledge of military 
tactics. At the age of sixteen, he was offered an hon^. 
orable place at Court, which he declined. 

His mind was early embued with an ardent love of 
freedom It is not known, whether his study of English 
writers who were friendly to civil liberty, or an eager 
curiosity to learn the merits of the dispute between 
Great Britain and the American colonies, lead him first 
thus to take a deep interest in favour of our indepen- 
dence. That controversy excited the attention of 
statesmen on the continent of Europe as well as in 
England. It has been said that he was acquainted 
with some distinguished English characters in 1776, 
from whom he learnt the situation of America, and 
the object of our revolution. In the latter part of this 
year, he applied to Silas Deane, our agent then at 
Paris, for information, and encouragement in his plan, 
already adopted, of rendering his personal service to 
the cause of America. While he was at Paris, (Dec. 
1776) with these views, Dr. Franklin arrived. The 
intelligence, received from him respecting our situa- 
tion and prospects at that period, was of a nature to 
discourage any one, who had not cherished the most 
enthusiastic and resolute purpose to engage in our be- 



\& MEMOIRS OF LA ITAYETTE. 

half. Our almost desperate condition seems only to 
have increased his zeal and devotion to the interests 
of America. " Hitherto, said he, I have only cherished 
your cause ; I now go to serve it personally " He be" 
lieved our cause to be just. He considered it the 
cause of civil liberty; and gloomy as was the prospect' 
hazardous as was the enterprize, he was determined 
to support it at the risk of life itself In his situation, 
the privations and sacrifices to be made and endured 
were incalculably great. It is indeed a singular in- 
stance of an heroic enterprize for the good of man- 
kind. 

We cannot more justly describe his sentiments and 
views, than by quoting his own language used at a sub- 
sequent period, in a letter to the President of the Con- 
tinental Congress — "The moment I heard of America, 
1 loved her ; the moment 1 knew she was fighting for 
liberty, I burnt with a desire to bleed for her." The 
sacrifices he made cannot be so well otherwise esti- 
mated as by reflecting that he left an aiTectionate wife, 
in whom he was most happy; and who, he was obliged 
to assure, that he would speedily return, before she 
would consent to the enterprize. 

When La Fayette made known his purpose to em- 
bark for America, under all theappalini^' circumstances 
of our country, our Envoys were stiil unable to furnish 
a passage for him. Thev had no vcsse's at comaiand j 
and they were not then in a situation to purchase one. 
Loans were the object of their mission ; but as yet 
they had not succeeded in obtaining' them. And as 
the French court had not acknowledged our indepen- 
dence, or openly espoused our cause, it would have 
been improper for them to furnish a vessel for 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 



17 



such purpose. Wh^t was then done for America 
must be effected in secret ; and at most, only connived 
at by the French government. But the ardour of young 
La Fayette was not to be checked by any such con- 
siderations. He took council rather of his feehngs, 
than of that prudence by which ordinary minds are 
governed. He therefore immediately engaged a ves- 
sel at his own charges, and sailed for the United 
States, where he arrived in the month of January- 
He landed at Charleston, S. C. and soon entered, as a 
volunteer, in the American army. Soon after his ar- 
rival, he purchased clothing and arms for the troops 
under General Moultrie in that quarter. He also 
early made an advance to General Washington of 
60,000 francs, for the public service. 

For several months, he continued to serve in this = 
capacity. His zeal and services were early appreciat- 
ed by Congress; and in July, 1777, he was created a 
Major-General. But he did hot, at once, act under that 
commission. In the battle of B'randywine, in Septem- 
ber of the same year, although he distinguished him- 
self by his activity and undaunted bravery, it does not 
appear that he acted as Major-General. He received 
a wound in hi3 leg, in this engagement, and his ser- 
vices were highl}^ applauded. He remained in the 
field till the close of the battle, inspiring the men by 
his presence and active courage. The wound was 
severe atid required attention ; but before it was en- 
tirely healed, he joined the army again xmder Wash- 
ington. In November, at the head of some Jersey 
mihtia, he attacked a body of 300 Hessians and defeat- 
ed them. General Greene was engaged in the same 
affair, a part of the time ; and said of young La Fayettft^ 



1^ MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

" that he seemed to search for danger." Soon after 
this period, he had command of a division in the Con- 
tinental army ; and frequently was appointed the 
chief officer in separate departments of great impor- 
tance and resporisibillity. 

General Washington became greatly attached to 
him. He WaS an intelligent judge of character; and 
was never known to bestow his contidence upon those 
who were not worthy of it. He ivas so distinguished 
by the regard of the Commander In Chief, that it be- 
came usual to call him " his adopted son." Washing- 
ton loved him for his goodness, and honored him for 
his bravery and military talents. In the early part of 
1778, when it was proposed to make an attack upon 
Canada, and to endeavor to connect it with the thirteen 
United States, Gen. La Fayette was appointed to com- 
mand the troops collecting for that purpose at Al- 
bany. This plan originated in Congress, and was said 
to be much favored by the French Ambassador ; but 
Washington ever doubted the propriety, or the f e'^i- 
sibility of the scheme, and eventually gave his opinion 
decidedly against it ; and it was not prosecuted. It 
was at this time, probably, that Brigadier General 
Stark took the oath of fidelity to the American Con- 
gress and of renunciation to the king and government 
of Great Britain, which had then been recently re- 
quired, before General La Fayette ; and which was 
administered by the commanding officer in each 
separate Department. The original certificate of this 
oath is said now to be in existence, l/t is a singular 
fact, that a native American took this oath before a 
foreigner : or perhaps even then. General La Fayette 
had been declared by Congress to be entitled to ail 
the rights of a citizen of the United States, 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. A9' 

In May 1778, while the British main army was in 
PLili.Ielphia, and the American troops at Valley Forge, 
he was detached with about two thousand five hun- 
dred men under his cotomand, to a position in advance 
of the continental camp and near the city, for the pur- 
pose of watching the motions of the enemy. The 
British eniieavored to surround and surprise him : but 
he h.td timely notice of their plan, and retired in safety 
to the vicinity of Washington's head-quarters. Had 
he been surprised in this situation, the result would 
probably proved fatal to our cause. For the conti- 
nental troops under Washington were few in number 
and poorly clothed and armed. But the Commander* 
in Chief, doubtless, was fully aware of the important 
and critical nature of the service, and entrusted it to 
one, in whose judgment as well tis bravery he had 
perfect confidence. 

Soon after this, in the month of June, the Brilish 
army left Philadelphia, to return to New-York. It 
consisted of as large a number of well disciplined 
troops, as they had in America at any one time ; and 
though they chose not to make a direct attack upon 
Washington, they seem to have had no apprehensions 
of an attack from him. But he was resolved to avail 
of the occasion of their march through the State of 
New-Jersey, to attack and annoy them. This he did 
on the memorable 28th of June, near Monmouth 
Court-house ; and had his judicious plan been faith- 
fully executed, or his own personal activity and brave- 
ry been seconded by (Greneral Lee, who had the com- 
mand of the troops more immediately engaged on 
that day, a great and decisive victory would in all 
probability have attended the daring enterprize. Gen- 



so MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETll?. 

feral La Fayette had a distinguished command on thai 
critical day. Lee, indeed, at first declined the com- 
mand of the advanced corps, detached by Washington 
to hari-ass the rear of the enemy while on their march ; 
and it was given to the former : though, afterwards, 
when it was found, that the enemy was preparing for 
a general engagement, a reinforcement was ordered, 
and the whole placed under the command of General 
Lee. In this whole affair. General La Fayette con- 
ducted with remarkable intelligence and bravery ; and 
received the entire approbation of the Commander in 
Chief 

In August of the same year (1778) when the enemy 
had a large force on Rhode Island, and were supposed to 
be meditating an attack on someplace in the vicinity. La 
Fayette (with General Greene) offered his services as 
a volunteer. The expedition was not attended with 
success : the British troops then were more numerous 
than w^ could collect against them ; and what were mus-. 
tered were principally militia. The continental regi- 
ments were then all needed near New York. But Gene- 
ral La Fayette assisted in conducting the retreat of owr 
men, with much skill and effect ; and his behaviour on 
the occasion received the particular notice and appro- 
bation of Congress. 

About this time, with the knowledge and consent of 
Congress, La Fayette made a visit to Boston. The par- 
ticular object of this journey is not known. It is evi- 
dent, however, from the resolve of Congress on the oc- 
casion, that it was not from merely personal or private 
view?. It was, no doubt, for some purpose of a public 
nature, and for the welfare of the nation. The follow- 
ing is the resolve alluded to ; and is proof, that his vi^it 



Memoirs op la layette. ki 

at the time, was designed for the promotion of some 
plan calculated for the prosperity of the country. 

"In Congress, Sept. 9th, 1778. Resolved, That the 
President be requested to inform the Marquis de la Fay- 
ette, that Congress have a due sense of the sacrifice he 
made of his personal feelings, in undertaking a journey- 
to Boston with a view of promoting the interests of 
these States, at a time when an occasion was daily ex- 
pected of his acquiring glory in the field ; and that his 
gallantry in going a volunteer on Rhode Island, when the 
greatest part of the army had retreated, and his good 
conduct in bringing ofT the pickets and out sentries, de- 
serves particular approbation.*' This resolve was com- 
municated to La Fayette by the President of Congress, 
with a polite note j to which the Marquis replied as fol- 
lows: 

" Sm, 

1 have received your favour of the 13th instant, 
acquainting me of the honor Congress has been pleased 
to confer on me by their most gracious resolve. What- 
ever pride such approbation maj justly give me, I am 
not less affected by the feeliixg of gratitude, and that 
satisfaction of thinking my eadeavours were' ever look- 
ed upon as useful to a cause in which my heart is so 
deeply interested. Be so good, Sir, as to present to 
Congress my plain and hearty thanks, with a frank as- 
surance of a candid attachment, the only one worth be- 
ing oifered to the representatives of a free people. The 
momeat 1 heard of America, I loVv^d her: The moment 
I knew she was fighting for liberty, I burrit with tha de- 
sire of bleeding for her: and the moment I shall be 
able of serving her, in any time, or in any part of the 
world, will be the happiest of my life. 1 never so much 



2S^ MEMOIRS OF LA PAYETTE. 

wished for occasions of deserving those obliging senti- 
ments i am honored with by these States and their re- 
presentatives-, and that so flattering confidence they 
have been pleased to put in me ; which have filled my 
heart with the warmest ackaowledgments and most 
eternal affection. 

I praj you to accept my thanks for the polite man- 
»er in which you have communicated the resolve of 
Congress j and I have the honor to be, &c. 

LA FAYETTE.". 

During the year 1778, some propositions were made to 
Congress from the British ministry, through three com- 
missioners, who were sent over to America. The object 
was to bring about a cessation of hostilities, and peace, 
without acknowledging our Independence. They were, 
therefore, immediately rejected In the address of the 
commissioners to Congress, the French King and minis- 
ters were mentioned with great disrespect, and repre- 
sented as secret enemies to America ; and therefore, 
not to be believed in their engagements and promises 
in our favour. The Marquis de La Fayette highly re- 
sented this heavy charge against his king and govern- 
ment ; and wrote a very spirited letter on the subject, 
to Lord Carlisle, the principal commissioner. He 
seemed ready to appear as the champion of his abused 
Prince and country, in the chivalrous manner such at- 
tacks were met in former ages, when disputes were set- 
tled between nations by single combat. The indigna- 
tion he expressed was honorable to his patriotic feelings ; 
but, probably, his maturer years and judgment would 
have chastened and moderated it. 

Early in the year 1779, after an absence from his be- 
loved family and country of more than two years, La 



MEMOIRS CF Ui FAYETTE. .^3 

Tayctte Tisited France : not, however, without the con- 
sent of Congress and also of General Washingt^^n, and ti 
determination to return to Annerica at a future daj. He 
embarked at Boston. In waiting for a passage to 
France, the Marquis was several weeks in Boston ; and 
here became acquainted with John Hancock, Dr. Coop- 
er, S. Breck, Esq. and others, to whose families he be- 
came particularly attached. The hospitable attention 
of the Bostonians, was not lost upon him. With warm 
feelings and elegant manners, he was well qualified to 
appreciate their patriotism and politeness ; and impres- 
sions were made upon his generous mind, favourable to 
their characters, which he has not forgotten to the pre* 
sent day. In noplace in America, perhaps, did he find 
the citizens more congenial to his ardour of affection and 
devoted love for civil liberty. — It cannot be doubted, tlut 
to a man of hU amiable and tender feelings, the conside- 
ration of meeting with his family and friends influx 
enced him to this visit. But it appears also, from his 
letters at that time, that he considered his duty to 
hi^ King and country required him to go to France. 
War was now declared between France and England ; 
and he believed himself bound to give his personal ser- 
vices for the defence of his own nation. With all his 
zeal in favour of liberty and of America, which he con- 
sidered engaged in its sacred cause against an arbitrary 
power, he acknowledged his obligations to assist in pro- 
tecting his native country. If his King should consent, 
he engaged to return to America, and devote himself 
agnin in support of her rights. The following letters 
will justify this statement of bis views, at the time of 
which we are speaking. The. iirsl is from General 
Washington, to the President of Congress. 



24 MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. 

" Head Quarters, Oct. 13ih^ 1778. 

Sir, 

This will be delivered to you by Major General, 
the Marquis de La Fayette. The generous motives 
which tirst induced hini to cross the Atlantic, and enter 
the army of the United States, are well known to Con- 
gress. Reasons equally laudable now engage him to 
return to France, who, in her present circumstances, 
claims his services. 

His e^igerness to ofifer his duty to his Prince and 
country, however great, could not influence him to quit 
the continent in any stage of an unfinished campaign ; 
he resolved to remain at least till the close of the pre- 
sent ; and embraces this moment of suspense, to com- 
municate his wishes to Congress, with a view of having 
the necessary arrangements made in time ; and of be- 
ing sliU within reach, should any occasion oifer of dis- 
tinguishing himself in the field. 

The Marquis, at the same time, from a desire of 
preserving a relation with us, and a hope of having it 
yet in his power to be useful as an American officer, so- 
licits only a furlough, sufficient for the purposes above 
mentioned. A reluctance to part with an officer, who 
unites to all the military fire of youth, an uncommon 
maturity of judgment, would lead me to prefer his be- 
ing absent on this footing, if it depended solely on me. 
I shall always be happy to give such a testimony of his 
services, as his bravery and good conduct on all occa- 
sions entitle him to ; and I have no doubt that Congress 
will add suitable expressions of their sense of his mer- 
its, and their regret on account of his departure, I 
have the honor to be, &c. 

GEO. WASHINGTON'* 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 2i 

From the Marquis to Congre?s. 

» Philadelphia Oct. Sth^ 1778. 

*' Whatever care I should take not to employ the pre- 
cious instants of Congress in private considerations, I beg 
leave to lay before them my present circumstances, 
with that confidence which naturally springs from affec- 
tion and gratitude. The sentiments which bind me to 
my country, can never be more properly spoken of, 
than in presence of men who have done so much for 
their own. As long as I thought I could dispose of my- 
self, I made it my pride and pleasure to fight under A- 
merican colours, in defence of a cause which I dare 
more particularly call ours^ because I had the good for- 
tune of bleeding for her. Now that France is involved 
in a war, I am led by a sense of duty as well as by patri- 
otic love to present myself before my king, and know in 
what manner he judges proper to employ my services. 
The most agreeable of all will always be such as to 
serve the common cause among those, whose friendship 
I had the happiness to obtain, and whose fortune 1 had 
the honor to follow in less smiling times. That reason, 
and others, which I leave to the feelings of Congress, 
engage me to beg from them, the liberty of going home 
for the next winter. 

>' As long as there were any hopes of an active cam- 
paign, I did not think of leaving the field. Now that I 
see a very peaceable and undisturbed moment, I take 
this opportunity of waiting on Congress. In case ray 
request is granted, I shall so manage my departure, as 
to be certain before going, the campaign is really over. 
Inclosed you will receive a letter from his Excellency, 
General Washington, wherein he expresses his assent to 
my obtaining leave of absence. I dare flatter myself, 



S6 MEMOIRS OF LA rAYETTE. 

that I shall be considered as a soldier on furlough, who 
most heartily wants to join again his colours, and his 
most esteemed and beloved fellow soldiers. Should it 
be thought I can be any way useful to America, when 
1 shall find myself among my countrymen, I hope I 
shall always be considered as one most interested in the 
welfare of these United States, and one who has the 
most perfect affection, regard and confidence for their 
representatives. Wilh the highest regard, &c. 

LA FAYETTE." 

" In Congress, Oct. 21, 1778. 

Hesolved^ That the Marquis La Fayette, Major Gene- 
ral in the services of the United States, have leave to 
go to France ; and that he return at such time as shall 
be most convenient to him. — Resolved, That the Pres- 
ident write a letter to the Marquis La Fayette, return- 
ing him the thanks of Congress for that disinterested 
zeal which led him to America, and for the services he 
hath rendered to the United States, by the exertion of 
his courage and abilities on many signal occasions. 

" Resolved^ That the Minister Plenipotentiary of the 
United States of America, at the Court of Versailles, be 
directed to cause an elegant sword, with proper devices 
to be made and presented in the name of the United 
States, to the Marquis La Fayette." \ 

The foregoing resolves were communicated to -the 
i»larquis in the following letter: 

" Philadelphia, Oct. 24, 1778. 
Sir, 

I had the honor of presenting to Congress, your 
fetter, solleitinsf leave of absence : I am directed by 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETrE. 21 

them, to express their thanks for your zeal in promot- 
ing thatu st cause in which they are engaged, and for 
the disinterested services you have rendered to the U- 
Dited States of America. 

" In testimony of the high esteem and affection in 
which you are held by the good people of these States, 
as well as an acknowledgment of your gallantry and 
military talents displayed on many signal occasions, 
their Representatives, in Congress assembled, have or- 
dered an elegant sword to be presented to you, by the 
American ]^Iinister, at the Court of Versailles. Inclosed 
within the present cover, will be found an act of Con- 
gress of the 21st instant, authorizing these declarations, 
and granting a furlough for your return to France, to 
be extended at your own pleasure. I pray God to bless 
and protect you ; to conduct you in safety to the pres- 
ence of your Prince, and to the re-enjoyment of your 
noble family and friends. I have the honor to be, &c. 

H.LAURENS." 

To this note the Marquis made the following reply : 
''' Philadelphia^ Oct. 26, 1778. 

SiR^ 

I have received your excellency's obliging letter, 
enclosing the several resolutions Congress have honor- 
ed me with, and the leave of absence they haye been 
pleased to grant. Nothing can make me happier, than 
the rellection, that my services have met with their 
approbation. The glorious testimonial of confidence 
'and satisfaction respectfully bestowed on me, by the re- 
presentatives of America, though much superior to my 
merit, cannot exceed the grateful sentiments they have 
excited, 1 consider the noble present offered me in 



2S MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. 

the name of the United States, as the most flattering 
honor. Jt is my most fervent desire, soon to employ 
that sword in their service, against the common enemy 
of my country and their faithful and beloved allies. 
That liberty, safety, wealth and concord may ever ex- 
tend and bless these United States, is the earnest wish 
of a heart glowing with a devoted zeal and unbounded 
love for them, and the highest regard, and most sincere 
affection for their representatives. 

" Be pleased, Sir, to present my thanks to them, and 
to accept yourself the assurance of my respectful at- 
tachment. 

LA FAYETTE." 

Letter of Dr. Franklin, to the Marquis La Fayette. 

'' Passy, Aug. 24, 1779. 
Sir, 

The Congress, sensible of your merit towards the 
Lnited States, bu-t unable adequately to reward it, de- 
termined to present you with a sword, as a small mark 
of their grateful acknowledgments. They directed it 
to be ornamented with suitable devices. Some of the 
principal actions of the battles, in which you distin- 
guished yourself by your bravery and good conduct, are 
therefore represented upon it. These, with a few em- 
blematical figures, all admirably well executed, make 
its principal value. By the help of the exquisite artists 
France affords, I find it easy to execute every thing, but 
the sense we have of your worthy and our obligations to 
you. For this, figures and even words are found insuf- 
licient. I therefore, only add, that, with the most per- 
fect esteem, I have the honor to be, kc. 

B. FRANKLIN.'* 



MEMOIRS UJf LA FAYE TTE 2$ 

The Marquis de La Fayette came agaia to the 
United States in April 1780, and landed at Boston, 
though the vessel first touched at Marblehead on its 
way to the former place. In his passage both to and 
from France, he was in danger of capture from the 
IJritish. The frigate, in which he returned to this 
country, was chased by an English man of war ; and 
when it was supposed, they must come to action, La. 
Fayette was found at one of the guns, preparing to 
act his part should they be attacked. In this visit to 
France, he exerted himself with eifect, to induce the 
Court of Varsailles to afford the United States more ef- 
fectual aid ; and especially, to send over a large fleet, 
which rendered essential service to the American 
cause. His great devotion to our interests would cer- 
tainly lead him to advocate any measures with his 
King, favourable to our wishes : and his influence, con- 
sidering his high rank and famUy, was undoubtedly at- 
tended with benefi'cial results. His services in our 
behalf were particularly noticed by Congress. 

" When the Marquis de La Fayette obtained per- 
mission to revisit his native country and off'er his ser- 
vices to his sovereign, he retained, with his rank in the 
American army, that ardent zeal for her interests, 
which the affectionate attentions he had received, the 
enthusiasm of a soldier in the cause of those f>r whom 
he had made his first campaigns and by whom he had 
been highly distinguished, combined with a conscious- 
ness that he was substantially promolidg the perma- 
nent interests of France ; were all so well calculated to 
inspire in a young and generous mind, in favour of an 
infant people struggling for liberty and ^c If govern- 
ment, with the hereditary rival of his nation, 
c2 



30 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

"He was received at the Court of Versailles witb 
every mark of favour and distinction ; and all the in* 
fluence he had acquired was employed in impressing 
on the cabinet the importance and policy of granting 
succours to the United States. 

" Having succeeded in this favourite object, in which 
he was aided by the representations of the former and 
present minister of France at Phihidelphia ; and find- 
ing no probability of active employment on the conti- 
nent of Europe, he obtained permission to return to 
America, with the grateful intelHgence of the service 
he had rendered while in France, to the country in 
whose cause his service had been first drawn. He ar- 
rived at Boston in the month of April 1780, and has- 
tened to Head Quarters. He then proceeded to 
Congress with the information that the King of France 
had consented to employ a large land and naval ar- 
mament in the United States, for the ensuing cam- 
paign. He was received by Washington with joy 
and affection ; and by Congress with those marks of 
distinction and regard to which his constant and incZe- 
fatigable zeal in support of the merican cause, as 
well as his signal service, gave him sucii just preten- 
tions. The intellig nee which he brought gave new 
impulse both to ( ongress and to the State Legislatures. 
The lethargic slumbers into which they seemed to be 
sinking yielded to resolutions of the most vigorous 
character." — Marshall. 

The letters below, with the resolve of Congress, 
will show the sense Washington had of the services 
of his " adopted son^'''^ the Marquis La Fayette, and 
the personal attachment which he cherished for him, 
as well as the high estimation, in which the disinteit- 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETfE. Si 

ested zeal of that devoted friend of liberty was held 
by the grand Legislature of America. 

" Head Quarters^ Morristown^ May 13, 1?80. 

The Marquis La Fayktte does me the honor to take 
charge of this note. I am persuaded Congress will 
participate m the joy 1 feel at the return of a gentle- 
man who has so signally distinguished hmiself in the 
service of this country ; who has given so many and 
so decided proofs of his attachment to its interests; 
and who ought to be dear to it by every motive. The 
warm friendship I have for him conspires with consiii- 
erations of public utility to afford me a double satis- 
faction in his return. During the time he has been in 
France he has uniformly manifested the same zeal in 
our affairs, which animated his conduct while he was 
among us; and has been, upon all occasions, an essen- 
tial friend to America. He merits, and I doubt not 
Congress will give him every mark of consideration 
and regard in their power. 

I have ihe honour to be, &c. 

GEO. WASHINGTON. 

To His Excellency ike President of Congress^ 

'' Philadelphia, May 16, 1780. 

After so many favors, which, on every occasion and 
particularly at my obtaining leave of absence, Con- 
gress were pleased mo^t graciously to bestow on me, 
I dare presume myself entitled to impart to them the 
private feelings, which 1 now so happily experience. 

In an early epoch in our n ;ble contest. I gloried in 
the name of an American soldier ; and heartily enjoy- 
ed the honor I have of serving the Unites! States ; 
nay satisfaction is at this long wished-for moment en- 



32 MEMOIRS OF LA TATETTE. 

tirely complete, when putting an end to my furlough, 
I have been able again to join my colours, under which 
1 hope for opportunities of indulging the ardent zeal, 
the unbounded gratitude, the warm, and I might say, 
the patriotic love, by which I am forever bound to 
America. 

1 beg you, sir, to present Congress with a new as- 
surance of my profound respect and my grateful and 
affectionate sentiments. 

I have the honour to be, &c. 

LA FAYETTE." 

In Congress, May 16, 1780. " Resolved, That Con- 
gress consider the return of the Marquis La Fayette 
to America, to resume his command in the army, as a 
fresh proof of the distinguished zeal and deserving 
attachment which have justly recommended him to the 
public confidence and applause ; and that they receive, 
with pleasure, a tender of further services of so gal- 
lant and meritorious an officer." 
^. " Soon after his return to America the Marquis was 
entrusted with the command of a select corps of the 
Light Infantry of the continental army. This afforded 
him a new opportunity for the display of his munifi- 
cence. He presented each officer of the corps with 
an elegant sword ; and the soldiers were clothed in 
uniform, principally at his expense. He infused into 
this corps a spirit of pride and emulation ; viewing it 
as one formed according to his own wishes and worthy 
of his entire confidence. They were the pride of his 
heart, and he was the idol of their regard ; constantly 
panting for an opportunity of performing some signal 
achievement worthy of his and their own character. 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. SS 

The corps was probably equal for discipline and bra- ^ 
very, to any in the world." 

Early in the year 1781, La Fayette was detached 
with about twelve hundred troops to Virginia ; with a 
view to co-operate with the French fleet in checking 
the plundering expedition of General Arnold, who 
had then recently landed there with a body of British 
troops from New York. The Marquis performed this 
long and difficult march with great dispatch. Many of 
the soldiers under his command were deficient in 
clothing : and it was by the personal responsibility of 
General La Fayette that funds were raised in Balti- 
more and vicinity to remedy this evil. The credit of 
the continent was very low ; and its means of immediate 
payment of the public expenses knowa to be entirely 
inadequate. The generosity of this distinguished friend 
of liberty was as remarkable as his personal bravery. 
He was indeed, both as to life and estate, wholly de- 
voted to the cause of America ; and difficulties and 
dangers served only to manifest the sincerity and in- 
tenseness of his zeal in behalf of a people struggling 
for freedom. 

Soon after this, in the month of May, 1781, Lord 
Cornwallis, in his progress from North Carolina into 
Virginia, f trmed a junction with the British forces un- 
der Arnohi and Phillips. His ohject was immediately 
to crush the Americans under La Fayette, then en- 
camped near Richmond. The experienced British 
Commander thought it would be an easy matter with 
his superior numbers to s- cure the •" Young French- 
man." But the youthful soldier was not wanting in 
prudence and foresight, though arduur and courage 
were his predominant qualities. In these traits ef 



34 MF.MOIRS OF LA FAYETTE* 

character, as well as others, he was not unlike the 
" paternal chief" of the American army. La Fayette 
made good a retreat; and escaped the net Cornwallis 
had prepared for him, with such confident hopes of 
success He directed his course northv^ ard ; and soon 
effected a junction with General Wayne, who had 
been ordered to reinforce him with eight hundred men 
©f the Pennsylvania line. 

The Light Infantry under La Fayette were chiefly 
eastern troops, who had great objecti >ns to a southern 
climate, and many deserted. In this critical situation, 
the Marquis adopted the following expedient. He gave 
out, that an expedition of great difficulty and danger 
was to be soon undertaken ; and appealing to the gen- 
erous feelings of his soldiers, he expressed a hope that 
they would not forsake him. if, however, anv were 
desirous of returning to their regiments, he said. th«y 
should have permission. The effect was as he had hop- 
ed. The troops had too much honor and pride to de- 
sert their brave commander in such an exigency. 

About this time, the main army of the British under 
Cornwallis, had taken the precaution to cut off the di- 
rect communication between the American troops and 
their stores, lately removed from Richmond to Alber- 
marle. The Marquis La Fayette, however, recross- 
ing the Rappahannock, by forced marches, arrived 
within a few miles of the British, when they were 
yet two days march from Albermarle Court-house ; 
and. opening in the night a nearer road, which had been 
long disused, appeared the following day, gjeatly to the 
surprise of Cornwallis, between the British army and 
the continental stores. Thus disappointed in his plan 
ff possessing the American stores, the British command- 



MEMOIRS or LA FAYETTE. 55 

«r retired to Williamsburg. The Marquis followed 
the enemy at a prudent distance ; and was soon so for- 
tunate as to form a junction with the Baron Steuben, 
who had been detached int(» that quarter, to protect the 
public stores, and assist in the general defence of the 
country. The British forces, many of which consist- 
ed of cavalry, were then very formidable in Virginia. 

This was a very critical period in the affairs of Amer- 
ca. Washington was satisfied that some decisive blow 
must be struck ; for our finances were low : and many 
began to despond as to the result of the contest- The 
British were very powerful and resolute. Thp plan 
of VVashington finally was, to make it appear to the en- 
emy than an attack was intended against New York; 
and at the same time prepare for a general expedition 
io Virginia, and destroy the British army in that quar- 
ter. This plan succeeded by the aid of the French 
,fleet, though its Admiral came with reluctance into the 
measure. Cornwallis and his army were captured in 
October following; and the Brittish ministry soon after 
consented to listen to honourable terms of peace. 

Major General La Fayette acted a gallant and distin- 
guished part in this whole campaign. We have al- 
ready witnessed his activity, promptitude and bravery 
in the early part of the season. His eifort* continued, 
and were conspicuous on various trying occasions. In the 
affair near Jamestown, he was in great personal danger, 
and on'e of his horses was shot under him. It was owing 
to his uncommon vigilance and activity, that the Amer- 
ican troops under his command were able to keep a 
large British army in check; and when a detachment 
under the brieve General Wayne were in danger of be- 
ing taken, they were rescued by the prompt and skil- 



36 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

ful manoeuvres of the Marquis. His spirit and firmness 
were attended with the best effects upon the men un- 
der his command ; and seemed to inspire them with 
courage and confidence, at this period of great embar- 
rassment and gloom. He was distinguished for human- 
ity as well as courage. The sick and wounded were 
aiway sure to receive his generous attentions. In the 
several engagements which took place, previously to 
the capture of Lord Cornwallis, many of the American 
soldiers were wounded, and he made immediate provi- 
sion for their relief and comfort. 

The military skill and bravery manifested by Gene- 
ral La Faj^ette, and the officers and men under his com- 
mand in Virginia, at this period, will be evident from 
his letters and orders here given. They ^peak partic- 
ularly of the courage and conduct of General Wayne, 
arid his detachment; but they also aiford new proofs of 
the intelligence and activity of the commanding officer. 

Letter from General La Fayette, to General Greene. 

" jYear James River, July 8, 1781. 
Sir, 
^ On the 4th5 the enemy evacuated Williamsburgh, 

where some stores fell into our hands, and retired to 
this place, under the cannon of their shippin;2:. The 
next morning we advanced, and a part of our troops 
took post about nine miles from the British camp. The 
6th, I detached an advanced corps under General 
Wayne, to reconnoitre the enemy's situation. Their 
light parties being drawn in, the pickets which lay 
near their encampment, were gallantly attacked by 
some riflemen, whose skill v/as employed to great ef- 
fect. 



MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. 37 

Having- learnt that Lord Cornwallis had sent off his 
heavy haggage under an escort, and posted his army in 
an open field, fortified by the shipping, I returned to 
the detachment, which I found generally engaged. A 
piece of cannon had been attempted by the van-guard, 
and the whole British army advanced to the wood, oc- 
cupied by General Wayne His whole corps did not 
exceed 800, part of which were militia, with three field 
pieces. — But at sight of the British, the troops ran to the 
rencontre, notwithstanding the very superior number 
of the enemy, and a short skirmish ensued, with a 
warm, close and well directed fire. But, as both the 
right and left of the enemy greatly out-flanked ours, I 
sent orders to General Wayne, to retire to about half a 
mile, where Col. Vose and Barber's light infantry battal- 
ions had arrived, by a most rapid movement, and where 
I directed them to form. In this position, they remain- 
ed till some hours in the night. The mililia uader Gen- 
eral Lawson also advanced; but during the night, the 
enemy retired to the south of the river. 

From all accounts, the enemy's loss is great. We 
had none killed, but many wounded. Wa}'ne's detach- 
ment suffered most. Blany horses were killed, which 
rendered it impossible to move the field pieces. But 
it is enough for the glory of General Wayne, and the 
officers and men under his command, to have attacked 
the whole British army, with only a reconnoitering 
party, and to have obliged them to retreat over the ri- 
ver. I have the honor to be, &;c. 

LA FAYETTE." 

Under date of July 11th, an ofhcer of rank gives 
some further account of this affair. " The enemy had 
300 men killed and wounded ; and among the latter 



38 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

were several officers. Their precipitate retreat the 
same evening, to Jamestown Island, and thence to the 
other side of the river, is a tacit acknowledgment, that 
a general action was not their wish. We hear that 
the British officers are much mortified at the issue, and 
confess they were out-generalled. Their numbers 
were far superior to ours; and they b^d the advantage 
of a large corps of cavalry. We could not have extri- 
cated ourselves from the difficulties we were in, but by 
the manoeuvre we adopted ; which, though it may have 
the appearance of temerity, to those unacquained with 
'fhe circumstances, wms founded upon the truest milita- 
rv principles; and was a necessary, though a very bold 
and daring measure.*" 

Extract from the general orders of the Marquis La 
Fayette, July 8th, 1781, near James River. 

" The General is happy to acknowledge the spirit of 
the detachment under General Wayne, in their engage- 
ment with the whole of the British army, of which he 
was an eye witness. He requests General Wayne, and 
the officers and men under his command, to accept his 
best thanks. The bravery and destructive fire of the 
riflemen, rendered essential service. The fire of the 
light infantry checked the enemy's progress round our 
right flank. The General was much pleased with the 
conduct of Captain Savage, of the artillery, and is satis- 
fied, that nothing but the loss of horses occasioned that 
of the two field pieces. The zeal of Colonel Mercer's 
corps, is fully expressed in the number of horses he 
had killed." 

His conduct at the seige and capture of Cornwallis, 
at Yorktown, received the particular approbation of th« 



MEMOIRS OF LA LAYETTE. 39 

commander in chief. Perhaps no officer in the Ameri- 
can line, contributed more than he did to the success 
which attended our arms on that memorable occasion. 
When the British General was confident of seizing him 
and his little party by stratagem, or of overpowering* 
them by numbers, he was on his guard, and had the good 
fortune to elude every effort to destroy him. And, dur- 
ing the immediate seige ©f Yorktown, he occupied one 
of the most dangerous posts, and was among the fore- 
most in the many vigorous assaults made upon the Bri- 
tish army, before it was compelled to surrender. He 
had the honor to be ranked with Lincoln, Greene, 
Knox, Wayne and others, in the glorious exploits, which 
convinced the enemy of our persevering bravery, and 
induced them at last to sue for peace. 

In November following-, the Marquis returned to 
France, having first obtained (he consent of Congress, 
and of the commander in chief. The contest between 
Great Britain and the United States, was drawing to a 
close. The former became satisfied of the impossibili- 
ty of subduing America : and the latter was anxious to 
terminate a war, which had exhausted her finances, and 
occasioned an oppressive debt. The resolves of Con- 
gress, with reference to the departure of General La 
Fayette at this period, exhibits, in a very favorable 
light, the important services he had rendered the coun- 
try, in the critical situation in which it had been placed. 

In Congress, Nov. 1781. " Resolved, That Major 
Gesaerai La Fayette have permission to go to France, 
and to return at such time as may be most agreeable to 
himself — that he be informed, that, on a view of his 
conduct throughout tlie past campaign, and particularly 
during the period, in which he had the chief command 



40 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTEj 

in Virginia, the many new proofs which present them- 
selves of his zealous attachment to the cause he has es- 
poused, and of his judgment, vigilance, gallantry and ad- 
dress in its defence, have greatly added to the high opin- 
ion entertained by Congress of his merits and military 
talents — that he make known to the oflicers and troops 
whom he commanded during that period, that the brave 
and enterprizing services, with which they seconded 
his zeal and efforts, and which enabled him to defeat 
the attempts of an enemy, far superior in numbers, have 
been beheld by Congress, with particular satisfaction 
and approbation.— That the Secretary of foreign affairs 
acquaint the Ministers Plenipotentiaries of the United 
States, that it is the desire of Congress, that they confer 
with the Marquis La Fayette, and avail of his infor- 
mation, relative to the situation of public affairs in 
the United States — That the Secretary for foreign af- 
fairs, further acquaint the Minister Plenipotentiary at 
the Court of Versailles, that he will conform to the in- 
tention of Congress, by consulting with, and employing 
the assistance of the Marquis La Fayette, in accelerat- 
ing the supplies which may be afforded by his most 
Christian Majesty for the United States — That the su- 
perintendant of finance, the Secretary for foreign af- 
fairs and the boaj'd of war, make such communications 
to the Marquis, touching the affairs of their respective 
departments, as will best enable him to fulfil the pur- 
pose of the preceding resolutions — That the superin- 
tendant of finance, take order for discharging the en- 
gagements entered into by the Marquis La Fayette, with 
the merchants of Baltimore, when he borrowed money 
of them on his own credit, to supply our troops with 
necessaries.^' 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 41 

At the same time, Congress ordered that a convey- 
ance be provided for General La Fayette, in a public 
vessel, whenever he should choose to embark ; and 
voted to send a letter by him, to the King of France. 

The following is the reply of the Marquis, to the 
President of Congress, who forwarded him the re- 
solves. 

" Sir, 

I have been honored with the resolutions which 
Congress have been pleased to pass in my favor. Tes- 
timonies of their esteem and their confidence that are 
so very flattering to me, could not but excite those ex- 
alted sentiments of g^ratitude, which I am unable suffi- 
ciently to express, — My attachment to America, the 
sense of my obligations, and the new favors conferred 
upon me, are so many everlasting ties that devote me 
to her. At all times, and in every part of the world, my 
heart will be panting for opportunities to be employed 
in her service. With urispeakable pleasure, I shall 
transmit the resolve of Congress to the brave and vir- 
tuous troops, whom it has been my happiness to comr^ 
Biand. 

I have the honor to be, &.c. 

LA FAYETTE." 

When he transmitted the foregoing resolve of Con- 
gress, to the troops he had lately commanded, he ob- 
served to them, '^ In the moment the Major General 
leaves this place, he wishes once more to express his 
gratitude to the brave corps of light infantry, who, for 
oine months past, have been the companions of his for- 
tunes. He can never forget, that, with them alone, of 
regular troops, he had the good fortune to manoeuvre 
before an armv, which, after all its reductions, was 



42 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

still six times more numerous than the regular force he 
had under command." 

The interest taken in favour of our country by Gen- 
eral La Fayette, and the anxiety he felt upon all occa- 
sions for the success of our contest with England, are 
so strongly evinced by his letter to the Hon. Samuel Ad- 
ams, that we feel bound injustice to the character of this 
zealous apostle of liberty, to present it to our readers, 
with the reply of Mr. Adams. It shews, indeed, not 
only the disposition of La Fayette, in every possible 
way, to support the cause of America ; but his great 
knowledge of human nature, and his regard for the hon- 
orable feelings of soldiers. 

The letter was written at Morristown, May 30, 1780, 
soon after the Marquis returned from his visit to France, 
where he exerted himself with the French Ministers to 
grant aid and supplies to the United States. 

Dear Sir, — Had 1 known that I would have the pleas- 
ure of meeting you at Boston, and holding confidential 
conversations with you on public and private matters, 
I should have anticipated the uneasiness I wafc^jy^ut un- 
der by the obligation of secrecy, or previously d^a^ed 
the leave of breaking that so strict law in your mv^,. 
Now, my dear sir, that Congress have set. my tongue at 
liberty, at least for such men as Mr. Samuel Adams, I 
will, in referring you to a public letter from the com- 
mittee of Congress, indulge my private feelings in im- 
parting to you some confidential ideas of mine on our 
present situation. 

As momentary visits did not entirely fulfil the purpose 
of freeing America, France thought they would render 
themselves more useful, if a naval and land force were 
gent for co-operating with our troops, and by a longer 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 4 J 

stay on the coast of the Contment, would give to the 
states, a fciir opportunity of employing all their resour- 
ces. The expectations are very sanguine at Versailles, 
and ought to be more so, when that letter shall be re- 
ceived, by which you know Congress engaged to fur- 
nUh on their part, jive and ("joenty thousand Continental 
troops, that are to take the field by the beginning of the 
spring. 

On the other hand, my dear sir, all Europe have 
their eyes upon us : They know nothing of us, but by 
our own reports, and our first exertions which have 
heightened their esteem, and by the accounts of the en- 
emy, or those of some dissatisfied persons, which were 
calculated to give them a quite different opinion : so 
that, to fix their own minds, all the nations are now 
looking at us; and the consequence of America, in the 
eyes of the world,- as well as its liberty and happiness, 
must depend upon the ensuing campaign. 

The succour sent b}^ France. I thought to be very 
important when at Versailles: now that I am on the 
spot, I know it was necessary ; and if proper measures 
are taken, I shall more heartily than ever, enjoy the^ 
happiness I had of being somewhat concerned in the op- 
eration. But if things stood as they now do, I confess 
that whether as an American soldier, whether as a pri- 
vate man that said a great deal, and knows Congress 
have ordered much more to be said on the future exer- 
tions of America,-^who took a particular delight in 
praising the patriotic spirit of the United States, I would 
feel most unhappy and distressed, were I to tell the 
people that are coniing overfull of ardour and sanguine 
hopes, that we have no army to co-operate with them, 
no profisioas to feed the few soldiers that ar^ left, &c. 



44 MEMOIRS OF LAFAYETTE. 

&c. But I hope, mj dear sir, it will not be the case, 
and more particularly depending- upon the exertions of 
your state, / know Mr. Samuel Adams' injluence and 
popularity will be as heretofore employed, in the sal- 
vation and glory of America. 

If proper measures are taken for provisions, if the 
states do immediately fill up the continental battalions by 
good drrji'ts, which is by far the best way ; if ail the 
propor-itions of the commillee are speedily complied 
with, I have no doubt, but that the present campaii^n 
will be a glorious, ^lecisive cne, and that we may hope 
for every thing that is good : if, on the contrary, time 
be lost, consider what unhappy and dishonorable con- 
sequences would ensue from our inability to a co-oper- 
ation. 

Your state began the noble contest, it may be glori- 
ously ended by your state's exertions, and the example 
they will once more set to the whole continent. The 
reception 1 met with at Boston, binds me to it by the 
strongest ties of a grateful aifection. The joy of my 
heart will be to find myself concerned in an expedition, 
that may afford peculiar advantages to them ; and I 
earnestly hope it will be the case, in the course of this 
(if proper measures are taken) glorious campaign. 

I flatter myself you will be yet in Boston, and upon 
this expectation, I very much depend for the success of 
the combined expeditions. Such a crisis is worth your 
being wholly engaged in it, as it will be glorious, im- 
portant ; and I may say it now, because necessary for 
the support of the great cause in which you acted so 
early and decisive a part. What you mentioned confi- 
dentially to me at Boston, I have duly noticed, and shall 
ever remember with the attention of a friend. For fwl- 



Mfi^MOlRS OF LA PAYETTE. 4ft 

filling the same purpose, I wish we may be under par- 
ticular obligations to you on this occasion. 

Give me leave, my dear sir, to suggest to you an idea 
which 1 have lately thought of: all the continental offi- 
cers labor under the most shameful want of clothing. 
When I say shameful, it is not to them, who have no 
money to buy — no cloth to be bought. You can con- 
ceive what may be theirs and our feelings, when they 
will be with the French general and other officers ; and 
from a general idea of mankind and human honor it is 
easily seen how much we should exert ourselves to put 
the officers of the army in a more decent situation. 

I beg, my dear sir, you will present my respects t« 
your family, and beUeve me most affectionately, 

Yours, LA FAYETTE. 

Boston^ June^ 1780. 
Bfy Dear Marquis, 

Yesterday your very obliging letter oi the 30th May 
"was brought to me by IMons. Gainard. 

The succour c-ming from France will be so season- 
able and important, that if America is not wanting to 
herself, she will have it in her power by the blessing 
of heaven, to gratify the utmost of her wishes. His 
most Christian Majesty's expectations from us must 
needs be great ; and gratitude to so generous an ally 
as well as a due attention to our own safety, inter- 
est and honor, lay us under the strongest obligations 
to be in readiness to co-operate with the greatest ad- 
vantage- I have long been fully sensible of your most 
cordial and zealous attachment to our great cause ; and 
to your personal representation to his Majesty, in ad- 



46 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

difion to the benevolence of his roj^al heart, I will take 
the liberty to attribute his desig-n to afford us such aid 
and for so long a time as may put it in our power lo 
employ all our resources ag-amst the enemy. 

It fortunately happened that the General Assembly 
of this state was sitting when the letter and inclosmes 
from the committee of Congress came to the President 
of the Council.- — They were immediately laid before 
the Assembly and 1 have the pleasure to assure you that 
the filling our battalions by an immediate. ,raf<, furnish- 
ing the army with provisions, and every other measure 
for the fulfilling of the just expectations of your sove- 
reign and of Congress, on this most important occasion, 
are the objects of their closest attention. I had for 
several months past been flattering myself with the 
prospect of this aid. It strongly impressed my mind 
from one circumstance which took place when you was 
at Philadelphia the last year. But far from certainty, 
I could only express to some confidential friends here, 
a distant hope, though as I conceived, not without some 
good effect : at least it seemed to enliven our spirits and 
animate us i"or so great a crisis. 

If it were possible for one to ])e forgetful of our all 
important amse for a moment, my particular friendship 
for you would be a prevailing inducement with me, to 
make my utmost ieebie exertions to prevent your dis- 
appointment after the great pains you have taken to 
serve us. I have endeavored, and shall continue those 
endeavors wiule I stay here, to brighten the dark side 
of the picture wh'ch your im:;giiUitioii has painted in one 
pari oiyour letter betor; me— God torbid that we should 
be obliged t«) teli oar fneacis when tht-y arrive, that we 
kave not a suflicient army to co-operate with them, nor 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE A7 

provisions to feed the ^^vi soldiers that are left. I think 
I may venture to predict that this state will comply 
with the requii<ition upon her to give the utmost re- 
spectabiUty to our army on so premising an occasion. I 
was in the Couiicil Chamber when I received your let- 
ter, and took the hberty to read some parts of it to the 
members present. I will communicate other parts' of 
it to some leading raemheis of ihe House of Represen- 
tatives as prudence ma^^ dictate, particularly what you 
mention of tn.^ officers' want of clothing. 

I thank you my dear sir ior the friendly remembrance 
you had of the hint! gave josj when you was here. Be 
pleased to pay ray most re pectful compiimenls to the 
Commander in Chief, his tamiiy, &c r'nd be assured of 
the warm affection of your obliged friend aid very hum- 
ble servant, SAMUi'X ADAMS. 

Makquis de la Fayb:tte. 

The Legislature of Massachusetts did immediately, 
viz. on .June d, 1780, pass a resolve for raising four 
thousand men as a reinforcement of the continental ar- 
my. The preamble to the resolve was as follows ; — 
" Whereas a requisition has been made to this court for 
a reinforcement to the continental army, in order that 
it may be able to act vigorously the ensuing campaign, 
and the present situation of affairs lequirmg ihe utmost 
exertions at this period, and affords the most fiatiering 
prospect of putting an end to this distressing war, If the 
army is reinforced at 'this jancture,-and enabled to im- 
prove the great advantages offered." To carry this 
resolve into effect, the Brigadier Generals through ihe 
State were directed immediately on receipt of ihe e- 
solve, to issue orders for calling the companies togeth- 



48 MEM©1R.=5 OF LA FAYETTE. 

er, and raising the men required from each town, hy 
voluntary inlistments, or by drafting them, on failure of 
a iu!! number being otherwise raised. Those thus 
drafted were to be fined if they refused to manh ; but 
a very generous bounty was granted, to induce men to 
enfet voluntarily. The Selectmen were required to 
furnish the men with clothes and travelling expenses; 
and both the Selectmen and Brigadier Generals were 
liable to a heavy line, if they neglected their duty. 
The palriotic etforts of the Legislature, thus drawn in- 
to action, in consequence of the pressing letter of La 
Fayette, and their own sense of the necessity of the 
case, were every where met by a corresponding zea! 
on the part of the ptople of Massachusetts; and the 
men were soon raised, and sent on to the head quar- 
ters of the contmental army, to fill the regular regi- 
ments of this State, then in the service. 

At the siege of York-Town, w^here Lord Conwallis 
with a large British army was attacked and taken by the 
Americans, La Fayette was yjarticularly distinguished 
for activit}^ and courage. And a more minute account of 
this affair is necessary, in recording the useful and bril- 
liant services of (his youthful hero in the cause of Ameri- 
ca, which her sons wish most gratefully to recollect — 
General Washington in person commanded the American 
army on this occasion, in_ pursuance of a plan he had 
adopted, as already mentioned He proceeded to our 
camp in the vicinity of York-Town, where Cornwaliis 
was posted, the last of September. He was assisted by 
Major Genera's Lincoln, Steuben, La Fayette. Knox, 
<5^c. The French troops, who composed a part 
of the army engaged in the capture of Cornwaliis, 
were under command of Count Rochambeau, who had 



MEMOiaS OF LA FAYEtrE. 4$ 

Hhe <iharacter of an intelligent and brave officer. The 
whole number of troops, both American and French, 
was estimated at twelve thousand. To them, however, 
were occasionally added small detachments of the mi- 
litia from the vicinity. The British troops were com- 
ptrted to be about seven thousand, and their commander 
had been strengthened in his situation by fortifications, 
hoping to defend himself till he might receive succours 
from New-York. The allied army was supported in 
this expedition by a large French fleet which was ia 
the Chesapeake. This afforded great confidence to 
the Americans, for they had just then defeated the 
British fleet in those waters, and thus effectually cut 
off'ali communication between Lord Cornwallis and the 
British army in New-York. 

The French admiral had been determined to proceed 
at this time, to a station in the West Indies, agreeably 
to orders which he had received from the King his 
master, some weeks before. He was requested to re- 
main, and co-operate in this expedition, by Count Ro- 
chambeau, and by Washington himself; but they could 
not prevail with him to relinquish his proposed depar- 
ture for the West Indies ; and it was only through the 
most zealous and repeated solicitations of La Fayette, 
with a solemn promise that he would justify the tn.^as- 
«re to the Court of France, that the admiral, Count de 
Grasse, was induced to continue on the station, by which 
the capture of the. British army was greatly facilitated* 

Under all these favourable circumstances, it is not 
'Unreasonable to suppose, tliat the allied army cherish- 
ed a strong confidence of success in their enterprize. 
Washington had planned this expeditio'i with greaf 
fntelligence and foresight ; for he had been resolre« 
El 



60 MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. 

to attempt some decisive and effectual blow against the 
enemy. He had, however, to engage a body of well 
disciplined and regular troops under an officer of great 
experience and bravery ; and all his own resources, 
together with the courage and activity of the officers 
Tinder his command were necessary to ensure success. 
The American chief lost no time in preparing for a vig- 
orous attack upon the British. They were soon oblig- 
ed to abandon their redoubts and advanced posts, 
and to retire within the town. The light infantry, 
under General La Fayette, and a party of the French 
troops, were ordered to advance, and to take posses- 
sion of the places they had abandoned, that they might 
cover those of the besieging army, who were engaged 
ill throwing up breast works. 1 hese advanced parties 
were much annoyed by a heavy cannonade from the 
beseiged; and Colonel Scammel, the officer of the day, 
while viewing the ground recently left by the British? 
was surprised by a party of their cavalry ; and, after 
he surrendered, received a mortal wound, which ter- 
minated his life in a few days. Scammel was a brave 
and accomplished officer, and eminent as a disciplinari- 
an. He was a native of Massachusetts, a gentleman of 
public education, of elegant manners, and most honor- 
able character. He was greatly lamented by W ashing- 
ton, and by all the officers of the American army. — 
Those who had been particularly associated with him, 
long cherished the highest respect for his memory. 

Redoubts were thrown up by our advanced parties, 

for several successive nights ; and on the evening of the 

.7th of October, a large detachment under General Lm- 

coln were ordered out, to open entrenchments near the 

lines of the British. La Fayette had an important 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE ^4 

command also in the enterprise. The great interest 
felt for him by the Americans was shewn by a request 
of the Surgeon General, " that if the Marquis should 
be wounded, he might receive immediate attention." 

The duties of our troops, at this time, were very 
arduous ; but they were most vigilant and active ; and 
by the 9th several batteries were prepared to open 
upon the town, in which the British General was besieg- 
ed. General Washington himself put the match to the 
first gun, and a furious cannonade immediately fol- 
lowed, which was a serious salutation to Cornwallis. 

From the 10th to the 15th the seige was prosecu- 
ted with great vigor ; an incessant fire was kept up 
by the allied armies ; and the enemy were not back- 
ward in returning it. The Americans made further 
approaches to the town and threw up other bakeries 
in a second parallel. Many of our men were killed and 
wounded in these operations. The enemy had two re- 
doubts, several hundred yards in front of their princi- 
pal works, which greatly impeded the approaches of 
the Americans. It became important to obtain posses- 
sion of them by assault. The one on the left of the 
enemy's garrison was given to General La Fayette, 
with a brigade of light infantry of American troops. 
The other redoubt was attacked hy a detachment of 
French troops under commanded of Baron de Viominel. 
The assailants, both on the right and left, exhibited the 
greatest ardor and bravery. Powerful resistance was 
made by the enemy ; but was soon overcome by our 
gallant troops, inspirited hy their still more gallant offi- 
cers ; though with the loss of many of our men. Two 
field officers were wounded in this affair ; one of whom 
was Major Gibbs from Massachusetts, who then belong- 



53 JtEHeiRS GV LA FAYETTg. 

ed to the guard of the commander in chief. The ad^ 
yanced corps of the detachment on the left, under 
General LaFavette, was led on to the assault by the 
intrepid Colonel Hamilton, who during this campaign 
had command of a regiment of light infantry. Oui^ 
troops entered the redoubt with charged bayonets, but 
Tvithout firing a gun. The Marquis was indefatigable 
in pushing forward his men, and was constantly in sit- 
uations of great peril. Some of the American soldiers 
were ready to take the lives of the captured after 
they had possession of the fort, in revenge for the bar- 
barous conduct of the British towards many of our men, 
and especially for the mortal wound inflicted upon the 
brave and amiable Scammel, after he had surrendered. 
General Washington with Lincoln, Knox, and their aids 
were in the vicinity of this action, in very exposed sit- 
*uations. The Americans under La Fayette, carried 
ihe ledoubt which they attacked, before the French 
made their assault upon the other. The latter also, 
suffered a greater loss of men than the former. When 
the fort was taken by the troops under the Marquis, he 
sent his aid, through the fire of the whole British line, 
to give notice to Baron Viominel, " that he was in his 
redoubt, and to enquire where the Baron was." The 
Baron returned for answer, " that he was not yet in 
his, but should be in five minutes." 

General Washington expressed his sense of this bril- 
liant affair in his orders of the 15th, Head Quarters, be- 
fore York-Town. <•' The Marquis La Fayette's divis- 
ion will mount the trenches tomorrow. The command- 
er in chief congratulates the allied army on the success 
of the enterprise, last evening, against the two impor- 
tant redoubts on the left of the enemy's works. He 



MFMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. 53 

requests the Baron Viominel who commanded the 
French grenadiers, and the Marquis La Fayette, who 
commanded the American Light Infantry, to accept his 
warmest acknowledgments for the excellence of their 
dispositions, and for their own gallant conduct on the 
occasion. md he begs them to present his thanks to 
every individual officer and to the men of their respec- 
tive commands, for the spirit and rapidity with which 
they advanced to the points of attack assigned them, 
and for the admirable firmness with which they sup- 
ported them, under the fire of the enemy, without re- 
tinning a shot. The General reflects with the highest 
pleasure on the confidence which the troops of the two 
nations must hereafter have in each other : assured of 
mutual support, he is convinced there is no danger which 
they will not cheerfully encounter ; no difficulty which 
they will not bravely overcome." 

If the Marquis de LaFayette was animated by an ardent 
love of civil liberty, when he first came to America, 
his attachment to its principles must have become more 
firm and settled, if not more intense, after an acquain- 
tance of five years, with the patriots and heroes of our 
revolution. He had become acquainted with our in- 
stitutions, and with the principles oi our government ; 
and was probably led to believe that systems equally 
fvee might be maintained in other countries. He was 
so enamoured, not only with the theory, but with the 
practical effects, of republicanism, that he felt it a duty 
to recommend systems of government more consonant 
to the rights of mankind. We know not, if he jiistly 
appreciated the importance of the general diffusion of 
knowledge among all classes of people, to ensure such 
a happy stale of society, it was probably owing to 



54, MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. 

this consideration, however, that he did not immedi- 
ately attempt the reformation of the political sys- 
tem under which his own nation had long been 
oppressed. That Louis XVI. was mild, humane, 
and anxious for the good of his subjects, we are not 
disposed to doubt. Bat the antient regime was un- 
questionably despotic ; and in the hands of ambitious 
or selfish ministers, liable to be an instrument of injus- 
tice and oppression. And those who have long been 
accustomed to govern, without being accountable for 
their conduct, will not easily be induced to relinquish 
power, from any considerations of abstract right, or a 
belief that others will be more just. 

We will here present a letter of La Fayette, direct- 
ed to Sir H. Clinton ; to show his regard to truth, and 
to his own reputation suffering in some measure by a 
statement which had been publicly made by that mili- 
tary officer. 

Paris, April 29, 1783. — Sir, Upon a perusal of your 
printed correspondence, I must beg leave to trouble 
you with an observation ; not that 1 have claims to set 
forth, or relations to criticise. A sentence in your let- 
ter of — is the only one I intend to mention. " Hav- 
ing said to Lord Cornwallis, that he may be opposed by 
about 2000 continentals ; and, as La Fayette observes, 
a body of ill-armed militia," you are pleased to add, 
" as spiritless as the militia of the southern provinces, 
and without any service;" which reads as if it was a 
part of my letter. How far your description is unde- 
serving, I think experience has proved ; and that it 
came from me, no American will believe. But your 
correspondence is so public that, with full reliance on 
vour candour and politeness, I have taken the libertv 



::> . RS OF LA FAYEmE. ^5 

isage, and to return it to you, Sir, 

— ^^ ..u. At the same time permint me to 

assure you, &c. LA FAYETTE. 

The reply of Sir H. Clinton. 

London, May ^9, 1 783. 
Sir, In consequence of the letter you have done roe 
the honor to write me, 1 have read over the publica- 
tion in question ; and I confess the remark alluded to, 
from the manner in which it is introduced, appears to 
make a part of your letter. You have, certainly, Sir, 
a right to tliis acknowledgment, and permit me, at the 
same time, to add the assurances, &c. 

IL CLINTON. 

In the summer of 1784, the Marquis de La Fayette 
once more visited America. He came to witness the 
prosperity and improvements of the country ; and to 
enjoy the society of those brave and honorable men, 
with whom he had been associated in lighting the bat- 
tles of liberty. Associates in danger form an attach- 
ment for each other, which time does not usually de- 
destroy. And when they have long struggl ed to- 
gether for just and generous purposes, the attach- 
ment must be strong and permanent indeed. The he- 
roic actors in our glorious revolution were linked to- 
gether by the most disinterested ties. They will nev- 
er forget each other's services and virtues : And we 
trust, their children will never cease to venerate their 
characters, or to acknowledge their exalted merit. 

When General La Fayette visited the United States 
in 1784, he was received with an affectionate welcome, 
little less enthusiastic and splendid, than that with 
which he has been lately greeted, on landing again on 



56 MEMOIRS OF LA FAY 

our shores, after a lapse of forty ;; 
arrived at the port of New York ; 
lowing made a visit to Boston, where he had so many 
particular friends ready to receive him with the most 
cordial gTeetings. He was met at Watertown hy the 
officers of the (then) late continental army, and ad- 
dressed by his ardent friend, General Knox, in behalf 
of the whole body, and a public dinner was provided for 
him on the occasion. The feelings excited by the 
visit of their beloved fellow officer, will be best descri- 
bed by giving the address ; which was as follows : 

"We, the late officers of the Massachusetts line of 
the continental army, embrace the first moment of your 
arrival, to web ome you with all the sincerity and ar- 
dour of fraternal affection : an affection commenced 
in the dark hour of our conflict, elevated and perfect- 
ed through the successive vicissitudes of the war. 

" We beg leave to observe, that we have had re- 
peated occasions to witness the display of your military 
talents, and of joining in the approbation and applause 
which our beloved Commander in Chief so often ex- 
pressed of your conduct. We are deeply impress- 
ed, with a sense of the various and important ser- 
vices you have rendered our country ; and it will be 
the pride of some patriotic and enhghtened historian to 
enumerate your actions in the field, and to illustrate 
your incessant efforts to promote the happiness of the 
United States. 

*' We shall ever retain a lively gratitude for the inter- 
position of your august sovereign and nation, at a time 
when America was oppressed by a formidable enemy. 
By hiss influence and the powerful assistance afforded 
by his land and naval forces, the war has been happily 



MEMOIUS or LA EATETTEV 5!? 

terminated, and the independence of the United State* 
firmly established, at a period much earlier than<he 
most sanguine patriot could have expected. 

'• A mind like yours enobled by a generous attachment 
to the rights of mankind, must enjoy the highest plea- 
sure in viewing the people, to whose cause you so zeal- 
ously devoted yourself, in full possession of that peace, 
liberty and safety, which were the great objects of 
their pursuit. 

" Animated by virtue and the auspices of your own 
feme, may you go on to add to the splendor of yous?* 
character, and heighten the glory of your country, 
by placing the name of La Fayette on the same list 
with Conde, Turenne and her other immortal heroes^ 

in behalf of the officers of the Massachusetts line. 

Reply of the Marquis. 

'^ From the instant of our parting, Gentlemen, I hav'e 
been eagerly looking forward to this period. How far 
my pleasure is completed by your kind welcome, I 
leave, my beloved friends, to your own hearts to deter- 
mine. 

" While your affection and confidence ever made me 
happy, let me gratefully acknowledge, that, for the 
marks of our beloved General's approbation, I felt 
myself wholly obliged to the gallant troops 1 com- 
manded. Could my conduct, in any degree justify 
your partiality, it will be the pride of my heart to think 
the American camp was my school, every one of you 
my brothers, and that I was adopted as a disciple and 
son, by our immortal Commander in Chief 

la the interposition of my Sovereign and natiooj I 



58 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

enjoyed more than I could express ; every French 
citizen felt with a patriotic King in this happy alliance ; 
and from those troops who shared in our dangers, you 
meet with a pecuhar regard and attachment. 

" During my absence, gentlemen, my heart has been 
constantly with you. As an army, we are separated. 
But forever, I hope, shall unite in a brotherly affec- 
tion : and now that a glorious peace has terminated your 
labours, I rejoice to find your attachment to those 
principles for which you have conquered, ranks you 
among the most virtuous citizens of the Commonwealth. 

LA FAYETTE." 

At the public dinner given by tiie officers of the late 
army to this distinguished friend of American Inde- 
pendence, were also invited the Governor and Council, 
and many others of high rank and distinction It may 
be gratifying to some who peruse this volume to know 
the sentiments offered as toasts on the joyful occasion. 
The following are selected : 

The United States. — His most Christian Majesty. 

General Washington. — The Cincinnati. 

The asserters and supporters of the rights of man- 
kind through the world. 

May America never forget in prosperity those who 
were her fast friends in adversity. 

May our country be as famed for justice and honor, 
as she is for valour and success. 

The Legislature of the State being in session, order- 
ed, that the Marquis de La Fayette be invited by the 
President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of 
Representatives together with the Supreme Executive, 
to meet the two Houses of Assembly in the Senate room, 
'' to congratulate him on his safe arrival in the United 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 59 

States, after the final establishment of peace, to which 
his friendly influence in Europe had largely contribut- 
ed." The Marquis attended accordingly, when the 
Governer congratulated him in terms of the highest 
respect and affection ; to which the Marquis made a 
polite and suitable reply. But La Fayette was too 
much beloved and his eminent services in our cause 
too highly appreciated by the people ot the patriotic 
town of Boston, not to meet with a more general wel- 
come. A dinner was given him at Faneuil Hall by the 
citizens ; at which were present the Governor and 
Council, President of the Senate and Speaker of the 
House of Representatives, the Clergy and other 
distinguished gentlemen, and seventy five officers of 
the late continental army. When General Washing- 
ton's name was given for a toast, the Marquis rose 
from his seat, and with a tear starting in his eye, be- 
gan the act of applause, which was continued and re- 
peated again and again by the whole company. 

In other places, the Manquis also met a cordial and 
distinguished reception. His ardent attachment to 
America and his great services in her cause, were 
still fresh in the recollection of all. It was known, 
that he had advocated our independence in F.urope, and 
exerted his influence with his generous Prince to aid 
in its support. It was remembered, " that in the mo- 
ment of our greatest misfortunes, he espoused the 
cause of America," that his military talents and the ar- 
dour of his virtuous mind had been devoted to our in- 
terest : and ^' while gratitude should be accounted a 
virtue, the name of La Fayette," it was said, " would 
not cease to be dear to Americans." 

When about to leave the United States and return t# 



tX^ MFMbiRS OF LAFAYET¥E. 

Fratice, Dec. 1784, the Marquis de La Fayette addressee! 
a note to Congress, and expres«,ed a desire to take « 
respectful leave of that body, before his final departure. 
A committee was appointed on this request of the Mar- 
quis, of which the Hon. Mr. Jay was chairman, and 
whose report was as follows—-'* That the merit and 
services of General La Fayette render it proper that 
such opportunity of taking leave of Congress be afford- 
ed, as may strongly manifest their esteem and regard 
for him." — Whereupon it was resolved, '^ That a Com- 
mittee to GOEsist of a member from each state, be ap- 
vpointed to receive the Marquis, and in the name of 
Congress to ta^^e leave of him — that they be instructed 
io assure him, that Congress continue to entertain the 
«am.e high sense of his abilities and zeal to promote the 
-welfare of America, both here and in Europe, which 
they have frequently expressed and manifested on for- 
-fiieroecasions, and which the recent marks of his atten- 
tion to their commercial and other interests have per- 
fectly confirmed. That as his uniform and unceasing at- 
tachment to this country has resembled that of a patriotic 
citizen, the United States regard him with particular 
affection, and will not cease to feel an interest in what- 
ever may concern his honor and prosperity, and that 
their best and kindest wishes will always attend him." 

It was also resolved by Congress, at the same time; 
*' That a letter be written to his most Christian Majes- 
ty, and signed by the President of ^Congress, expressive 
of the hig-h sense which the United States entertain of 
the real talents and meritorious services oi the Marquis 
de La Fayette, and recommending him to the particular 
fnvor and patronage of his Majesty." 

The committee received the Blarquis in Congress 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYEl»tE. 6 1 

Hall, and took leave of him ia the name of that hon- 
orable body, agreeably to the instructions given them. 
They communicated to him the resolves before men- 
tioned; to which he repMed — 

'* While it pleases the Congress of the United States so 
kindly to receive me, I want words to express the feel- 
ings of a heart, which delights in their present situation 
and in the public marks of their esteem. 

" Since 1 joined the standard of liberty to this wished 
for hour of my personal congratulations, I have seen 
such glorious deeds performed and virtues displayed, 
by the sons of America, that in the instant of my first 
concern for them, I had anticipated but a part of the 
love and regard which devote me to this rising empire, 

''During our revolution, I obtained an unlimited^ indul* 
gent confidence, which I am equally proud and happy 
to acknowledge ; it dates with the time, when an inex- 
perienced youth, I C( uld only claim my respected 
friend's patenal adoption. It has been most benevo- 
lently continu d throughout every circumstance of the 
cabinet and the field ; and in personal friendships 1 have 
often found a support against public difficuUi'S. ^^'hile 
on this solemn occasion, I mention iny oblis^ations to 
Congress, the States, and the people at large, peimit 
me to remember my denr military companions, to 
whose services their country is so much indented. 

"Having: felt both for the timely c?id of my country, 
and for the part she, with a belced king, acted in the 
cause of mankind, lenjoy an alliance so well rivetted by 
mutual affection, by interest and even local situation. 
Rec;dlection ensures it. Futurity does but enlar;j;'e the 
prospect : and the private intercourse will every day 
F 



^ MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

increase, which independent and advantageous trade 
cherishes, in proportion as it is justly understood. 

" In unbounded wishes to America, I am happy to ob- 
serve the prevailing disposition of the people to strength- 
en the confederation, preserve public faith, regulate 
trade ; and, in a proper guard over continental maga- 
zines and frontier posts, in a general system of militia, 
in for«^'seeing attention to the navy, to ensure every kind 
of safety. May this immense temple of freedom ever 
stand a lesson to oppressors, an example to the oppress- 
ed, a sanctuary for the rights of mankind ! And may 
these happy United States attain that complete splen- 
dor and prosperity, which will illustrate the blessings 
of their government, and for ages to come, rejoice the 
departed souls of its founders. 

*' However unwilling to trespass on your time, I must 
yet present you with my grateful thanks for the late 
favours of Congress ; and never can they oblige me 
go much, as when they put it in my power, in eve- 
ry part of the world, and to the latest day of my life, 
to gratify the attachment, which will ever rank me a_ 
mong the most zealous and respectful servants of the 
United States." 

On the return of the Marquis de La Fayette to his na- 
tive country in 1785, he spent some time in the bosom 
of his amiable family. With an affectionate wife, of 
cultivated mind and accomplished manners, with a cir- 
cle of literary friends, and enjoying a high reputation 
for his heroic services in America, he must have posr 
sessed all the ingredients of human happiness. He re- 
ceived the smiles of the King and Court; was caressed 
^■y the gay and chivalrous ; and had the esteem and 
friendship of the first literary characters in France* He 



MEMOIRS OF LA LAYETT2. 'jj 

was fond of agricultural pursuits ; and as his estates were 
extensive, he devoted a considerable portion of his time 
to the cultivation and improvement of his lands. Dur- 
ing th^s time his hospitable attentions were shewn to 
American travellers, who were always sure of his friend- 
ly reception. 

The leo;islat»ire of Virginia, in 178G, conferred upon 
La Fayette, an honorable tribute of regard, in recollec- 
tion of his very important services in defence of Amer- 
ican Independence ; and particularly of his brave and 
successful efforts during the campaign of 1781, against 
Cornwallis. This was a resolution to place his bust in 
their capitol. Mr. Jefferson, then in France, was au^ 
thorized to have the like work of honor fixed in Paris, 
with consent of the municipal authority of that city : 
And accordingly, another bust of La Fayette, was plac- 
ed, by approbation of the King and of the Provot of 
Paris, in one of the gallaries of the city hall. 

In 1786, he travelled through various parts of Ger- 
many, and visited the courts of Vienna and IJerlin. He 
became acquainted with Frederick II. the greatest roy- 
al tactician of Europe ; and probably availed of the op- 
portunity of attending his reviews, to increase his knowl- 
edge of military discipline. Soon after his return to 
France, we find him uniting his influence and efforts 
with the celebrated philosopher, Malesherbes, who was 
zealously engaged in favour of the French protestants. 
At this time, also, he joined a society in Paris, whose 
object was the gradual emancipation of the unfortunate 
Africans : so generous and active are the principles of 
liberty, that they never cease to urge those, who yield 
to their influence, to deeds of benevolence and human- 
ity. In 1787, he was chosen a deputy to the assembly 



64; aiEMOlRS OF LA FAYlltTE. 

of the States Genera!, by the nobility of xAuvergne, his 
native province ; and at this time he shared largely in 
the popular favour. But, although subsequently found 
among the most zealous for a new c onstitution, by which 
the power of the monarch was greatly curtailed, he now 
voted with the other members of the order of noble?, 
and contended for their distinct authority. 

At this meeting of the States General, however, he 
was active in procuring a favorable decree for the pro- 
lestants, and wa-* the first to raise his voice for the sup- 
pression of '^ lettres de cachet.'''' This convocation of 
the States General, composed of separate chambers or 
orders, had not been long in session, when great diffi- 
culties arose in consequence of various plans, and the 
conflicting opinions of different factions, (for factions 
were now beginning to appear;) and it was proposed 
to call a " National Assembly." It does not appear, that 
this was a favorite measure of La Fayette ; though, 
from his avowed sentiments respecting the equal rights 
of man, it cannot be doubted, that he approved of the 
plan. For in 1789, he became a member of this cele- 
brated assembly, whose acts not only laid the founda- 
tion, for a radical change in the government of France, 
but tended directly to destroy the whole power of the 
monarch. Even here, indeed, he appeared as the friend 
and advocate of Louis; and however ardent he was for 
an amelioration of the condition of the people, by ren- 
dering the civil government more mild, than hereto- 
fore, he was sincere and active in providing for the 
personal safety of his Prince, and for the honor of his 
crown, conformably to his views of political liberty. 

He had, in truth, a most difficult part lo act. He was 
ardently attached to the cause of freedom, and wished 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE 65 

the people should have the public enjoyment of their 
just and national principles. And he was equally desir 
ous, that his royal master should still retain such a por- 
tion of authority, as would be requisite to the dignity of 
the first magistrate of a great nation. — But the accom- 
plishment of such generous sentiments was utterly im- 
possible. Neither Loui^, nor his courtiers could con- 
sent to the limitations of the royal authority, proposed 
by the reformers, and which were necessary to a just 
exercise of power in the people, whose representatives 
should share in the administration of the government 
And many of the leaders in the revolution, even in its^ 
incipient stage, on the other hand, had such ambitious 
Tiews, or visionary projects, that nothing would satisfy 
them, but an entire relinquishment of power long claim- 
ed and exercised by the Kings of this ancient nation. 

In 1789, the new constitution was proposed by the 
National Assembly, by which the distinct and indepen- 
dent power of the monarch was almost annihilated ; and 
the whole legislative authority was given to the re- 
presentatives of the people. That La Fayette, and 
some others who advocated this iastrument, were ac- 
tuated by a disinterested love of the people, and be- 
lieved that sufficient power was reserved to the King, 
to secure respect for him, as the political head of the 
nation, cannot be doubted. We have only to lament^ 
that subsequent events afforded proofs of the unfitness 
of the French people, at that period, for the blessings 
of a more popular government. It must also be admit- 
ted, that many who professed republicanism, and boast- 
ed ot their regard to the people's rights were unprin- 
cipled and ambitious men, whom power had intoxicat- 
ed, or who entertained views of government utterly- 
F 2 



66 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

inconsistent with the just authority of the laws, and the 
safety of individuals. La Fayette offered the declara- 
tion of the rights of man, at this period, for the sanction 
of the assembly : And though he was accused by the 
anti-revolutionists, as the author of all the excesses and 
cruelties which followed, for this proposition, it may 
justly be said in his behalf, that it contained no other 
axioms, than are admitted, by all impartial writers, as 
essential in free g-overnments. The King and his cour- 
tiers condemned them ; and jacobins and demagogues 
afterwards abused them, in their wild notions of repub- 
licanism, or their selfish projects of personal aggran- 
dizement. 

La Fayette was charged with indiscretion and want 
of judgment, for the active and zealous part which he 
took in the revolution, not only by bigoted monarchists, 
but by some who were friendly to republican institu- 
tions. He is said to have declared, ^' that when op- 
pression and tyranny were at theii height, insurrection 
became a duty." This declaration, however, when 
candidly considered, implies no more, than was fre- 
quently expressed by the patriots of America, when 
opposing the arbitrary power of the British ministry, 
and advocating independence as the only remedy. The 
ardour and enthusiasm of La Fayette, probably, betray- 
ed him into some practical errors, and led him to utter 
expressions, which were capable of being pressed into 
the service of jacobins and anarchists. We only con- 
tend, that he had no selfish views to accomplish — and 
that he was really friendly to the welfare and honor of 
his Prince, as well as to the liberty and happiness of 
the French people. 

This is fully established by the fact, that, at this pe- 



MEMOIRS OP LA FAYEtTE, 6l 

riod and afterwards, when jacobin clubs were formed 
and acted as dictators to the National Assembly, he be- 
came obnoxious to them, for his firmness in adhering to 
constitutional principles ; and, though generally censur- 
ed by the royalists as an advocate for liberty and re- 
form, was hated and opposed by the factions, with the 
pretence of his being still attached to the ancient re- 
gime. He retained his hold on the affections of the 
people for some time, and enjoyed also, more of the 
confidence and regard of the King, than any other who 
had favored the revolution. The court found him, at 
least, candid and sincere ; and he often exposf^d himself 
to imminent danger in their defence. As proof of the 
former, he was chosen Vice President of the national 
assembly, in the absence of the aged President, July 
1789 ; and'appointed to the command of the citizens of 
Paris, to quell the riots, and to restore tranquillity to the 
city, when an alarming tumult existed, in consequence 
of the want of bread among the lower classes. As evi- 
dence of the latter, the King often consulted him in 
cases of difficulties and danger; and entrusted his per^ 
son and family to his custody, when threatened by a 
lawless mob, though he well knew the sentiments of La 
Fayette, on the great question of royal authority. 

When he was appointed to the command of the Pa- 
risian militia, (afterwards denominated the national 
guard,) which had been promptly organized according 
to a plan of his suggesliug, it was a time of great confu- 
sion and tumult. Pie accepted the appointment from 
ihe most patriotic motives. Drawing his sword before 
an immense concourse of citizens then assembled, ''La 
Fayette made a vow to sacrifice his life, if necessary, to 
the preservation of that precious liberty, which had- 



@jg: MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTfi. 

been entrusted to him." It was then too, at the mo- 
ment of his '' brightest popularit}^" that he exhorted 
those who pressed around him, '' to love the friends of 
the people ; but, at the same time, to maintain an en- 
tire submission to the laws, and to cherish a zeal for 
liberty." 

He manifested the highest respect for the civil pow- 
er^even when he commanded the national guard and 
Parisian militia, though with this immense military force, 
and with his unbounded popularity, he might have safe- 
ly followed his own wishes. The Parisians were ea- 
ger to march to Versailles, where the King and court 
resided, to demand an immediate supply of bread. The 
mob proceeded thither in great numbers, and still grea- 
ter tumult. He declined marching the military, until 
he had the express consent and order of the National As- 
sembly. And on his arrival, he immediately joined with 
the King''s body guard, in suppressing the riotous pro- 
ceedings of the promiscuous multitude, who had previ- 
ously reached the place, and were committing depre- 
dations even in the royal palace. This was a scene of 
great confusion and alarm ; and violence and bloodshed 
ensued. The enemies of La Fayette pretended, that 
he might have prevented the mischief, by timely and 
decisive measures. But impartial witnesses testiiied, 
*Uhat, from the first moment of the alarm, he had even 
exceeded his usual activity." He appeared in every 
quarter. *•' Gentlemen," said he to the Parisian sol- 
diers, '' I have pledged my word and honor to the King, 
that nothing belonging to him shall receive injury. If 
1 break my word, I shall no longer be worthy of being 
your commander." The people insisted, that the King 
should go to Paris j and on consulting with the iVIar- 



aZEMOlRS OF LA FAYETTE, 6f^ 

qui'?, who gave assurances of protection and respect, he 
proceeded to the city, accompanied by his family, and 
was received with great acclamations of vive Le Roi. 

La Fayette still retained his great popularity and: 
influence. The Court party bad perfect c <nfi- 
dence in liis integrity and honor, though they did not 
approve of his revolutionary principles. And the 
friends of the constitution found in him one of their 
most zealous and able supporters. These, however, 
soon become divided into clubs and parties ; some of 
whom were aiming at more power for the representa- 
tives of the people, and for divesting Louis of every 
thing but the name of King. To this description of 
politicians, La Fayette, and others who constituted the 
majority of the National Assembly at this time, were 
opposed. They considered the King as still the foun- 
tain of all executive authority, and were willing that he 
should also have a veto upon their legislative proceed- 
ings — His person, they declared, was inviolable, and 
his crown hereditary. But the more violent revolu- 
tionists, who soon became known by the distinctive ap- 
pelation of Jacobins^ formed themselves into a club ; 
where extravagant measures were proposed and then 
presented to the assembly ; and frequently were adopt- 
ed, through intrigue and threats, when a majority of the 
members were dissatisfied with them. 

Attached to the constitution, a friend to justice and 
order, and an advocate for the dignity and authority of 
the monarch, as limited and defined by the constitution, 
La Fayette was among the most open and decided in 
counteracting the views of the Due de Orleans, Mira- 
beau, Petion, Brissot, Robespeirre, and others of the 
jacobin faction, who aimed at further changes to 



7^' BIEMOIRS OP LA FAYETlEf. 

fulfil their own selfish and ambitious designs. Orleasfs 
was an unprincipled and dangerous nobleman; ofrojal 
blood and cousin to Louis: But his object was to bring 
about an entire revolution, and place himself on the 
throne of France. He, therefore, hated and feared La 
Fayette ; who, he knew, was too honest to further his 
plans, and too powerfial to allow him to succeed. Or- 
leans became obnoxious and was persuaded to leave the 
kingdom. But he soon returned ; and promoted or 
approved the shocking excesses which were afterwards 
committed. 

During the years 1790 and 1791 great agitations ex- 
isted in Paris, on various occasions, through the change 
ing opinions of political leaders, and the collisions of 
individuals, who were rivals for power. The grand 
confederation took place in July 1790, when the con- 
stitution received the sanction of all classes ; and whea 
La Fayette, at the head of the national guards, at- 
tracted as much notice and possessed as as great ioflu" 
ence as the King himself. His popularity seemed un* 
bounded ; nor did he commit any act of cruelty or in* 
justice to injure his high reputation. He could not, 
in ail instances, command the military or restrain the 
mob ; but he had the merit of using his greatest efforts 
to preserve order, and to maintain the authority of the 
laws. When the King proposed to visit St. Cloud, he 
was opposed by the populace and the Jacobin clubs, 
under the pretence that he intended to leave the king- 
dom. La Fayette attempted to disperse them and to 
remove all obtstruclions to the intended visit of Louis. 
The troops were disobedient to his orders, and refused 
to favor the King's journey. Mortified by their in- 
subordination, La Fayette resigned his command, but 



MEMOIRS OS- LA FAYETTB. ^ 

-afterwards resumed it, through the solicitations of the 
National ^ssembly, and of the guards themselves, who 
regretted their disobedience of his orders. 

On the attempt of the King, soon after, to depart from 
France, who had become disgusted with the conduct of 
the revolutionists, and was in fear of his personal safe- 
ty, La Fayette was charged with being privy to the 
pl/U, and subjected himself to the popular displeasure 
on this suspicion. That he promoted the plan, was 
never proved, and is not probable That he had inti- 
mations of it, is possible ; but that he gave strict orders 
to the officers about the king's palace to guard against 
such an event, is most certain. He discharged his duty ag 
a public agent; and it is not improbable he might Lave 
supposed the king in immediiste danger, and that by a 
tenjporary absence from the capital, the ferment Vv'ould 
subside, and he might return in safety. No one, for a 
moment, believed that he wished, with the emigrants 
and other enemies of the revolution, to have Louis sur- 
render himself to the hostile pov.^ers of the coaHtion, for 
the purpose of bringing a foreign army to enslave 
France. He was, indeed, anxious for the safety of his 
Prince ; but he would never have compromitted the 
liberties of his country, even for such an object. 

From this period, the jacobin clubs became more 
popular, and had the chief direction of all political af- 
fairs. In their desire to lesson the authority of the 
'King, and to secure power, they hesitated at no meas- 
ures, however unjust; and the new constitution, even 
which they had sworn to support, was grossly violated 
in the prosecution of their selfish views. The influence 
of La Fayette was rapidly undermined by these artfui 
demagogues. He was sincerely attached to the consti- 



72 MEMOIRS 03* LA FASf KT'i'E. 

tution, an 1 vvns desirous of maintaining inviolate, the 
power of the monarch which it guaranteed. He was 
the friend to law, and op;>osed aii his influence to riots 
and excesses. He hecame an object of dread to the 
Jaccbias, and they resolved to d^^Hlroy him. Bat for a 
long tiine, the majority of the National Assembly sup- 
ported hini. In attempting to suppress a dangerous ri- 
ot, by which many of the citizens were alarmed and 
threatened, when he commanded the military in 1791, 
he was shot at by one of the mob. The man was ta- 
ken, and he forgave him — But the National Assembly 
decreed the death of the culprit, who had attempted the 
life of "the hero of the day." And the municipality of 
Paris, also had a gold medal struck off, in honor o{ La 
Fayette, and presented him with a bust of Washington 
in approbation of his conduct. 

He was repeatedly denounced by individuals of th« 
"violent party, before they succeeded in rendering him 
^obnoxious to popular displeasure. And this was finally 
effected, through misrepresentations and false reports. 

Letter of La Fayette, Feb. 1791, to M. de Bonille, 
one of the court, but not then at Paris. 

"Ptris is divided by factions, and the kingdom op- 
pressed by anarchy. The violent aristocrats dream of 
a counter revolution — the clergy concui with them. 
The impartial monarchists are looking for a part to 
play,, without the means of doing it. Among the friends 
of the revolution, you have many honest men, some lose 
themselves in speculations— -and some Jacobins, whose 
leaders spread trouble every where. As to the minis- 
ters, they are merged in the revolution ; and have no 
rule, hut to yield to the popular voice. The Queen is 
resigned to the revolution^— hoping that Opinions will 



MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. 73 

soon change. The King wishes the happiness of the 
people, and the general tranquillity, to begin his own. 
As to myself, I am attacked by all the party leaders, 
tvho consider me an obstacle not to be overcome or in- 
timidated. Add to this, the hatred of the aristocrats and 
of the Orleans party ; of the Lameths, with whom I was 
formerly connected ; of Mirabeau, who says I despise 
him ; the money distributed, the libels, the dissatisfac* 
lion I give those whom I prevent from pillaging Paris— 
and you will have the sum of all which is going on a- 
gainst me. But except a few ardent heads who are 
mislead, the well meaning, from the highest to the low- 
est, are for me. 

"I stand well with the National Assembly, except a few 
disreputable Jacobins. I have little connexion with the 
tiourt, for I can derive no use from it to my country; 
and yet I am aware advantage is taken of m}' neglect to 
intrigue. Some friends are at work with me, upon a 
J)lan of conduct, by which the revolution will be con- 
solidated, the good basis of the constitution es|ablished, 
and public order restored. The chief talents of the as- 
sembly, Mirabeau himself, cannot but support this plan. 
Here then are courts established, and juries are de- 
creed ; this is the moment to let our voice be heard 
with force, propriety and utility. 

'Tou have accepted the coalition which my heart and 
Jny patriotism have offered you. You lately said to one 
of my friends, '' If La Fayette and I understand each 
other well, we shall establish a constitution.^' 

''My first wish is to finish the revolution speedily and 
well, to secure the constitution on solid foundations, to 
employ for that purpose, all I possess of national confi- 
G 



74 MEM01RS ©F LA PAI^ETTE. 

dence and personal means; and then to be nothing 
more in France, than an active citizen. Adieu, 

LA FAYETTE." 

But after he was persecuted by the Petions and Rob- 
espieres of the day, because of his moderation, loyalty 
and attachment to the constitution, he was held in high 
esteem by the friends of rational freedom, and still en- 
joyed the confidence both of Louis and of the National 
Assembly. Towards the close of the year 1791, by re- 
qMest of the King, he was appointed to command the 
army of the centre, to oppose the foreign troops then 
invading France. When he accepted the appointment, 
he assured the National Assembly of bis ^'•determination 
to support the constitution." The President replied, 
" the French nation, who have sworn to conquer and 
to live free, will always, with confidence, present to 
their foes and to tyrants, the constitution and La Fay- 
ette." 

As commander in chief of that department of the 
French army entrusted to him, he was assiduous to 
mnintain proper discipline ^and order; a matter of great 
(liihculty, as a revolutionary spirit pervaded all ranks, 
?ind the soldiers were disposed to insubordination, espe- 
cially under a leader not belonging to the popular par- 
ty. He had several engagements with the enemy, in 
which he was successful. But his operations and those 
of the other generals, who commanded in other de- 
partments of the northern armies of France, were 
greatly impeded by the injudicious and variable plans 
of the assembly, then torn by factions, and disgraced by 
low intrigues. The evil spirit extended to the milita- 
a-y ; and each faction had its partizans among the sol- 
iii(;>.rg. La FnvettG saw and lamented this disastrous 



MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE, 75 

state of things; and he dared to oppose his single ef- 
forts to avert the impending ruin. It was at this time, 
that he wrote his celebrated letter to the National As^ 
sembly, of June 16, 1792, in which he exposed the vi- 
olence and the cabals of the Jacobins, and conjured the 
moderates to cling to the constitution, as the only means 
of safety. This letter is so important, in rleveloping the 
views and sentiments of La Fayette, and in detecting 
the causes of the excegses, which eventually disgraced 
the French revolution of that period, that it will be 
proper to record it in this connexion. He wrote to tlie 
King at the same time, expressing great anxiety for his 
safety, and declaring his wish to maintain the constitu^ 
tion. 



La Fayette's letter to the Legislative body. 
At the entrenched cm 
Maubeuge^ IQth June 



At the entrenched camp of } 

,1792.51 



" Gentlemen, 

"At the moment, perhaps too long deferred, 
In which I am about to call your attention to the high- 
est public interests, and to point out among our dangers, 
the conduct of a ministry^ whom I have for a long time 
censured in my correspondence, I learn that, unmasked 
in consequence of its ow-n divisions, it has fallen a sac- 
rifice to its own intrigues. [This was the Brissotin minis- 
try,] It is not enough however, that this branch of the 
government has been delivered from its disastrous influ- 
ence. The public welfare is in peril — The fate of 
France depends principally on its representatives — The 
nation expects from them its security. But in giving 
them a constitution^ France has prescribed to them the 
9nly means by which she can be saved. 

" Persuaded, gentlemen, that as the rights of maa 



76 MEMOIRS OP LA FAVETTE. 

are the law of every constituent assembly, a constitu- 
tion ought to he the law of the legislators, which that 
constitution shall have established. It is to you that I 
ought to denounce the too powerful efforts which are 
making, to induce you to depart from that course which 
you have promised to pursue. 

'* Nothing shall deter me from the exercise of this right 
of a free inon, to fulfil this duty of a citizen; neither 
the momentary errors of opinion ; for what are opinion^ 
when they depart from principles : nor my respect for 
the representatives of the people ; for I respect still more 
the people^ whose sovereign will it is to have a consti* 
tution : nor the benevolence and kindness which you 
have constantly evinced for myself; for I would preserve 
that as I obtained it, by an inflexible love of liberty. 

" Your situation is difficult — France is menaced from 
without, and agitated v/ithin. Whilst foreign powers 
announce the intolerable (inadmissible) project of at- 
tacking our national sovereignty, and avow it as a prin- 
ciple ! at the same time the enemies of France, its in- 
terior enemies, intoxicated with fanaticism and pride, 
entertain chimerical hopes, and annoy us with their in- 
dolent malevolence. You ought, gentlemen, to repress 
them ; and you will have the power so to do, only when 
you shall become constiiutional and just. You wish it, 
'n.o doubt ; but cast your eyes upon all that passes with- 
in your own body and around you. Can you dissemble 
even to yourselves, that a faction, (and to avoid all 
vague denunciations) the jacobin Jaciion, have caused 
all these disorders ? It is that which I boldly accuse — or- 
ganized like a separate empire in the metropolis, and 
in its affiliated societies, blindly directed by some ambi- 
tious leaders, this sect forms a corporation entirely dis-^ 



MEMOTRS OF LA FAYETTE. 77 

iinet in the midst of the French people, whose powers 
it usurps, by tyrannizing over its representatives and 
constituted authorities. 

'^ It is in that body, in its public meeting, the love of 
the laws is denounced as aristocracy, and their breach 
as patriotism. There the assassins of Dessilles receive 
their triumphs, the crimes of Jourdan find panegyrists. 
There, the recital of the massacre which has stained 
the city of Metz, has also been received with infernal ac- 
clamations ! Have they become sacred because the em- 
peror Leopold has pronounced their name ? And be- 
cause it is our highest duty to combat the foreigners^ 
who mingle in our domestic quarrels, are we at liberty 
to refrain from delivering our country from domestic 
trranny ? 

" Of what importance is it, as to the fulfilment of this 
duty, that strangers have their projects, and their conni- 
vance and concert with our internal foes ? \\h I, who de- 
nounce to you this sect [the jacobins] ; I, who, without 
speaking of my past life, can reply to those who suspect 
my motives — '•'• Approach, in this moment of awful cri- 
sis, when the character of each man must be known, 
and see which of us, more inflexible in his principles, 
more obstinate in his resistance, will more courageous- 
ly overcome those obstacles, and those dangers, which 
traitors to their country conceal, and which true citi- 
zens know how to appreciate, and to brave for her." 

'•And how could I delay longer to fulfil this duty, 
whilst every successive day weakens slili more the con- 
stituted authorities, substitutes tlie spirit of parly U^m 
the will of the people; whilst the audaciiy of the wg'i^ 
tators, [the disorganizers] imposes silence on peacea- 
ble citizens, throws into retirement usei'ul Gien. [ind. 
G 2- 



78 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

whilst devotion to the sect or paj^ty stands in the place 
oi^ public and private virtues, which, in a free country, 
ought to be the austere [severe, or strict] and only 
means of attaining to public office. 

'' It is, after having opposed to all the obstacles, and 
to all the snares, which were laid for me, the coura- 
geous and persevering- patriotism of an army, sacriticed 
perhaps to conspiracies against its commander, [La 
Fayette was the commander] that I now oppose to this 
faction the corrpspondence of a ministry, worthy repre- 
sentative of its club — a correspondence, the calculations 
of which are false, its promises vain and illusory — its 
information deceitful or frivolous — its advice perfidious 
or contradictory — correspondence, in which after press- 
ing me to advance without precaution — to attack with- 
out means — ^they finally began to tell me that resistance 
was impossible^ when I indignantly repelled the cow- 
ardly and base assertion. What a remarkable con- 
formity of language, gentlemen, between the factions 
whom the aristocracy avow, and those who usurp the 
name of patriots ! They both wish to overthrow our 
laws, rejoice in our disorders, array themselves against 
the constituted authorities, detest the national guards 
(the militia) — preach insubordination to the army- 
sow, at one moment, distrust, at another, discourage- 
ment. 

*' As to myself, gentlemen, who embraced the American 
cause at the moment when its embassadors declared to 
me that it was perilous or desperate — who from that 
moment have devoted my hfe to a persevering de- 
fence of liberty and of the sovereignty of the people — - 
who, on the 14th of July, 1789 (after the taking of the 
Bastilcj) in presenting to my country a declaration of 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE." ^9 

rights dared to say " that in order that a nation should 
be free, it is only necessary that it should wi// so to be.*' 
I come, this day, full of confidence in the justice of 
our cause — of contempt, for the cowjrds who desert it, 
and of indignation against the traitors who would sul- 
ly or stain it with crimes ; I am ready to declare that 
the French nation, if it is not the vilest in the universe, 
can and ought to resist the conspiracy of kings who 
have coalesced against it ! 

'^ It is not in the midst of my brave army that timid 
counsels should be permitted. — Patriotism, discipline, 
patience, mutual confidence, all the military and civil 
virtues I find here. Here the principles of liberty and 
equality are cherished, the laws respected, property 
held sacred. Here calumnies and factions are unknown. 
And when I reflect that France has many millions who 
can become such soldiers,! ask myself, to what a degree 
of debasement mu-t such an immense people be reduced, 
stronger in its natural resources than in its artificial de- 
fences, opposing to a monstrous and discordant confed- 
eration, simple and united counsels and combinations, 
that the cowardly, degrading idea of sacrificing its sov- 
reignty, of permitting any discussion as to its liberties, 
of committing to negotiation its rights, could be consid- 
ered among the possibilities of a rapidly advancing fu- 
turity ! 

"But, in order that we, soldiers of liberty, should 
combat for her with efficacy, or die for her with any 
fruit or advantage, it is necessary that the number of 
the defenders of the country should be promptly made 
in some degree proportionate to that of our opponents; 
that the supplies of all descriptions should be in- 
creased so as to facilitate our movements ; that the 



^ to MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETtC 

comfort and conveniences of the troops, their clothes 
and arms, their pay, the accommodations for the sick, 
should no longer be subject to fatal delays, or to a 
miserable and misplaced economy, which defeats its 
Tery end. 

'Mt is above all^ necessary that the citizens ralHed round 
their constitution, should be assured that the rights 
which that constitution guarantees shall be respected 
with a re rigiows fidelity ; which will of itself cause more 
despair to our enemies than any other measure. 

" Do not repel this desire — this ardent wish. It is 
that of all the sincere friends of your legitimate au- 
thority ; assured that no unjust consequence or effect 
can flow from a pure principle — that no tyrannical 
measure can save a cause, which owes its force^ aye^ 
and its glory, to the sacred principles of liberty and 
equality. Let criminal jurisprudence resume its con- 
stitutional power. Let civil equality — let religious 
freedom enjoy the application of their true principles. 
In fine, let the reign of the clubs be annihilated hy you ; 
let them give place to the laws — their usurpations to. 
the firm and independent exercise of the powers of 
the constituted authorities — their disorganizing max- 
ims to the true principles of hberty — their dehrious 
fury to the calm and constant courage of a nation which 
knows its rights, and is ready to defend them — in fine, 
their sectarian combinations to the true interests of the 
country, of the nation, which in a moment of danger 
ought to unite ct/Z, except those, to whom its subjec- 
tion and ruin are the objects of atrocious pleasure and 
infamous speculation. LA FAYETIE/' 



MEMOIRS OF EA FAYETTE Bf 

" Camp of Maubeuge^ June^ 16, 1792. 
*' Sire — I have the her or to send j^our Majesty the 
copy of a letter ro the National Assembly, in which, 
yon will tind expressed the sentiments which have an- 
imated me all my life. The King knows with what ar- 
dour and perseverance I have at all times been devot- 
ed to the cause of liberty and to the principles of hu- 
manity, equality and justice. He knows, that I have 
always been the adversary of /acij'on> the enemy of 
licentiousness, and that no power which I thought il"* 
legal has ever been acknowledged by me. He is ac- 
quainted with my devotion to his constitutional author- 
ity, and with my attachment to his person Such, Sire, 
were the grounds of my letter to the National Assem* 
bly ; such shall be those of my conduct to the nation 
and your Majesty, amidst the storms raised around us 
by hostile or by factious combinations. 

" It does not belong to me, Sire,^ to give greater im- 
port nee to my opinions and actions, than what is due 
to the individual conduct of a simple citizen. But the 
expression ot my thoughts was always a right, and on 
this Occasion becomes a duty ; and though I should have 
performed it sooner, if, instead of being in a camp, I 
had remained in that retirement from which I was 
forced by the dangers of my country ; yet I do not 
think thai any public employment or private consider- 
ation exo;in>ts me from exercising this duty of a citi- 
zen, this r.ght of a freeman. 

" Persis;, Sire, supported by the authority delegated 
to you by me national will, in the noble resolution of 
defending constitutional prin< iples against all their en- 
mies. Let this resolution, mrdnt. ined by all the actions 
of your private life, as well as by a firm and complete 



us MEMOIRS OF LA FAYDTTI^^ 

exercise of the rc^al power, become the pledge of th6 
Larmony, which, particularly, at this critical juncture, 
eannot fail to be established between the elected rep- 
resentatives of the people and their hereditary repre- 
sentative. It is in this resolution, Sire, that glory and 
safety will be found for the country and for yourself. 
With this you will find the friends of liberty, all goad 
Frenchmen ranged around your throne, to defend it 
against the plots of rebels and the enterprizes of the 
factious; and I, Sire, who in their honorable hatred 
have found the reward of my persevering opposition • 
I will always deserve it, by my zeal in the cause to 
which my whole Hfe has been devoted, and by my fi- 
delity to the oath I have taken to the nation, to the 
law and to the King. Such, Sire, are the unalterable 
sentiments I present to your Majesty, with my respect. 

LA FAYETTE." 

Letter of La Fayette on leaving Paris to join his ar- 
my, after having appeared at the bar of the National 
Assembly, and protested against their proceedings, the 
last of June. 

*' Gentlemen — In returning to the post where brav6 
soldiers are ready to die for the constitution, but ought 
not and will not lavish their blood except for that, I go 
with great and deep regret in not being able to inform 
the array, that the National Assembly have yet deign- 
ed to come to any determination on my petition, [al- 
luding to the request in his letter to the assembly a 
short time before, to suppress the Jacobin clubs.] The 
voice of all the good citizens of the kmgdom, which 
some factious clamours strive t® stifle, daily call t® \}te 



KEMOmS OF LA FAVETBE. 13 

elected representatives of the people, that while there 
exists near them a sect who fetter all the authorities, 
and menance their independence; and who. after pro- 
Toking war. are endeavoring, by changing the nature 
of our cause, to make it impossible to defend it ; that 
while there is cause to blush at the impunity of an act 
of treason against the nation, which has raised just and 
great alarms in the minds of all the French, and uni- 
versal indignation ; our liberty, laws and honor are in 
danger. Truths like these, free and generous souls 
are not afraid of speaking. Hostile to the factious of 
every kind, indignant at cowards that can sink so low 
as to look for foreign interposition, and impressed with 
the principle, which I glory in being the first to declare 
to France, that all illegal power is oppression^ against 
which resistance becomes a duty^ we are anxious to make 
known our fears to the legislative body. We hope that 
the prudence of the representatives of the people will 
relieve our minds of them. As for me, gentlemen, who 
will never alter my principles, sentiments or language, 
I thought that the National Assembly, considering the 
urgency and danger of circumstances, would permit 
me to add my regrets and wishes to my profound re- 
spect.*' 

Noble and generous sentiments, worthy of the disci- 
ple of our great Washington — ' worthy of the philan- 
throphic hero and firm friend of civil liberty' — worthy 
of the adopted citizen of free and independent Ameri- 
ca ! Such were the opinions and s^entiments of Wash- 
ington and his friends, in 1794, when our republic was 
assailed by foreign emissaries, and convulsed by secret 
associations at home, who through ignorance or design, 
were advocates for measures whirh would have thrown 
©ur country into a state of anarchy and misrule^ 



^4 MfMOIRS of LAFAYETTfi. 

There was still a small majority in the National As- 
sembly who were the friends of constitutional liberty, 
and advocates of La Fayette. But the Jacobins were 
every day increasing ; and they felt confident of th6 
popular favor. Enraged at his bold and independent 
conduct, and suspecting, perhaps that he was a secret 
suporter of all the wishes of the King, they denounced 
La Fayette as a traitor and an enemy to the republic. 
In this state of extreme ferment, while he was openly 
threatened jmd every attempt was making to render 
him odious to the populace, h6 had the courage (some 
might say, the rashness) to proceed to Paris, and pre- 
sent himself to the bar of the National \ssen5bly. Few 
men, in such a situation, would have thus hazarded 
their lives ; but he was strong in conscious rectitude. He 
appeared before his enemies with dignity and firmness. 
" He intreated the assembly to come forward and save 
the country from ruin, by dissolving the factious clubs 
und inflicting exemplary punishment on the authors of 
the late disgraceful riots'' His friends were numerous 
4n the Assembly, and probably the greater number coa- 
demned the violent transactions, against which he 
raised his voice in the legislative hall of the nation. 
The national guards in Paris, also, manifested their 
attachment to La Fayette. They a*<S' mbled before 
the hotel in which he lodged; and planting a tree of 
liberty before the door, which they decorated with 
ensigns and ribbons, they greeted him with enthusiastic 
applause. But he was destined to suffer a rfeverse of 
fortune, and to be the subject of the most unjust and 
cruel persecution, fhe violent party prevailed ; La 
Fayette and constitutional liberty, were proscribed ; 
and the spirit of anarchy and misrule dict;Ued the vio- 
lent proceedings which deluged France in blood. 



iiEMOlRS OF LA FAYETTE. 8)5 

La Fayette, finding all his attempts to restore order 
and to maintain the constitution in vain, speedily re- 
turned to the army on the frontiers. This must have 
been a moment of great anxiety and suspense. Some 
suppose that, attached as most of the military were to 
him and supported by his friends of the moderate party, 
if he had marched his troops to Paris he might have 
defended the King from indignity, and restored the 
reign of law. But this is doubtful. The probability is, 
that with his love of justice and his correct principles, 
he could not persuade himself " that the end would 
justify the means;" and that he chose rather to submit 
to a cruel destiny, than to violate the constitution he 
had sworn to support, by resorting to physical force 
for the accomplishment of honorable purposes, and to 
be the occasion even indirectly of increasing the mise- 
ry, ifi which his unhappy country was involved. He 
was, indeed, accused by his enemies of a design to 
march to Paris with his troops and to force the assem- 
bly into a compliance with his views. Bat this was a 
most unfounded calumny. When the minister for the 
home department wrote to him on the subject, in the 
name of the Assembly, he replied — '^ If I were ques- 
tioned respecting my principles, I should say, that a^ 
a constant proclaimer and defender of the rights of man, 
and the sovereignty of the people, I have every 
where and always resisted authorities which liberty 
disavowed and which the national will had not dele- 
gated ; and thatl have every where and always obey- 
ed those, of which a free constitution had fixed the 
forms and the limits. But I am questioned respecting 
a fact — Did I propose to Marshal Luciiuer to march to 
H 



^ MEMOIRS ©P LA FAl^ETlE. 

Paris with our armies? To which I answer in four 
words — It is not <rwc." 

Under the pretence that General La Fayette was 
meditating some plan hostile to the cause of liberty, or 
designed to aid the King in another attempiio escape 
from France, three commissioners were sent to coun- 
teract his movements. But he was notified uf their ap- 
pointment, and ordered their arrest before they reach- 
ed his army. He knew they were deputed by a fac- 
tion, and hoped the assembly would return to more 
moderate and just views. He addressed the following 
letter to the troops under his command, " It is no 
longer time to conceal from you what is going forward. 
The constitution you swore to maintain is no more ; a 
troop of factious men besieged the palace of the Tuil- 
leries ; the national and Swiss guards made a brave re- 
sistance, but they were obliged to surrender, and were 
inhumanly murdered. The King, Queen and all the 
royal family escaped to the National Assembly ; the 
factious ran thither, holding a sword in one hand and 
fire in the other, and forced the legislative body to su- 
persede the King, which was done for the sake of sav- 
ing his life. Citizens, you are no longer represented ; 
the National Assembly are in a state of slavery ; Petion 
reigns ; the savage Danton and his satellites are mas- 
ters. Thus it is for you to determine whether you will 
support the hereditarj' representative of the throne, or 
submit to the di -grace of having a Petion for your 
king." 

The appeal was in vain. Though a momentary 
respond was given by the soldiers to the sentiments of 
their magn;njimous commander, the baleful influence 
^£ ftictie.n had corrupted many of them j and finding 



MEMOIRS OF LA LAYETTE, 8»T 

himself robbed of the confidence of the army, as well 
as of the assembly, and tiius deprived of all hope of 
being useful to his country, he quitted France, with 
an intention of retiring to America, where he had just 
reason to expect a grateful reception. 

Thus terminated the revolutionary career of La Fay- 
ette ; through the whole of which he appears to the 
impartial observer to have acted an honorable and dis- 
interested part. If he cs^mmitted faults, they were 
those of opinion or judgment; in sincerity and in zeal- 
ous devotion to the liberty of his country, he was ex- 
ceeded by none. He may justly be considered *' an il- 
lustrious confessor of regulated liberty." His great 
object was to ref )rm existing abuses, to lay the foun- 
dation of constitutional freedom : and with all his zeaj 
for the recognition and the support of the rights of man, 
he was desirous of preserving a just measure of au- 
thority in the crown, and maintaining a sacred re<i5ard 
to law and justice. That he failed in his wishes of 
introdacing into France a more mild and popular gov- 
ernment, is matter of regret with the friends of civil 
liberty in America. But he cannot justly be censured 
hy them for the iailure of his object, or for the exces- 
ses which attended the revolution. The violent pro- 
ceedings of the jacobins, which excited so much horror 
among the friends of regulated liberty in other coun 
tries, were opposed by him personally with singular 
firmness and constancy. He distinguished, with great 
accuracy, between the will of the people and the 
clamours of a faction ; and between the deliberate acts 
of the legislature sanctioned by the constitution, and 
the hasty sentence or orders of a party, adopted with- 
out the usual forms of law, so necessary to the order 
gnd welfare of society. 



8S ^ MEMOIRS OP LA FAYET-PE. 

La Fayette was arrested bj an Austrian General, an5 
delivered over to the King of Prussia, who ordered him 
to be confined in a prison at Wesel and at Magdeburg. 
Here he suffered some time, when he was removed to 
the fortress of Olmutz. In this place he was kept un- 
der the most rigorous confinement — enduring the pri- 
vations and severity fit only to be inflicted on the grea- 
test criminals. 

After a close confinement of several weeks in the 
common prison at Wesel, he was removed to Magde- 
burg, and thence to Olmutz. At Magdeburg he was 
confined for a year, in a dark and solitary dungeon ; 
during which he was offered his liberty, on condition 
©f his joining with the enemies of France. He spurn- 
ed the proposal with indignation; and preferred impris- 
©nment and indignity, to treachery or hostility to his 
©wn country. When first taken into custody, he was 
treated with insult by the people of some places 
through which he was conducted ; but afterwards, a 
deep interest was manifested in his behalf, and the 
warmest sympathy was expressed for his unfortunate 
condition. 

The following is an extract from a letter of La Fay- 
ette in 1793, while confined at Magdeburg. 

'• Since my captivity, but one political paper has 
reached me, and that is yours for February. I appre- 
ciate, with deep sensibility, the justice you render my 
sentiments, and the approbation you bestow upon my 
conduct. Your commendations are greatly beyond my 
deserts ; but your kind exaggerations contain, at this 
moment, something so generous, I cannot withold from 
you my thanks, that you have enabled me to hear the 
voice of liberty honoring my tomb. My situation is pe- 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 83- 

culiarly strange. I have sacrificed my republican par- 
tialities to the state and wishes of the nation : 1 obeyed 
the sovereign power where I found it vested, in the 
constitution. My popularity was as great as I could 
desire; for the legislative body defended me better on 
the 8th of August, than it defended itself on the 10th. 
But I became obnoxious to the Jacobins^ because I rep- 
robated their aristocracy, which aimed at usurping all 
legitimate authority. 

" From Constantinople to Lisbon, from Kamschatka 
to Amsterdam, every bastile is ready to receive me. 
The Huron and Iroc[uois forests are peopled with my 
friends; the despots and the courts of Europe, they are 
the only savages I fear. I am aware that the laws of 
England would protect me, though the court of St. 
James is opposed to me : but I cannot seek protection 
in a country at war with my own. America., the coun- 
try of m.y heart, would welcome me with joy. Yet my 
fears for the future destiny of France, induce me to 
give the preference to Switzerland, at least for the 
present." 

After this, he was confined about four years in the 
prison of Olmutz, when Henry Bollman, a young Ger- 
man physician, and Francis Huger, an American, (son 
of Colonel Huger, of South Carolina, who had first re- 
ceived La Fayette when he arrived in the United States, 
in 1777,) made great personal sacrifices, and exposed 
themselves to imminent dangers to effect his escape. 
General Washington also, then President of the United 
I States, repeatedly solicited his release, on the ground 
j of his being an American citizen, as he really was by 
a legal adoption. But his requests were vain. It was 
i aot consistent with the policy of the " Legitimates'" of 



90 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTF. 

Europe, to show any favor to such a friend of liberty a* 
La Fayette, or to listen to the honorable application of 
the chief magistrate of the American republic. 

We have already seen frequent proofs of the pecul- 
iar regard which Washington cherished for La Fayette. 
He did not forget him when immured in the prison at 
Olmutz. Such was the state of political affairs in Eu- 
rope, such the suspicions both of the jacobins in France, 
and the advocates for monarchy in the surrounding 
nations, tJiat a foimal and public request for the release 
of La Fayette, would have been of no avail. It would 
probably have added to the severity of his treatment 
by his implacable enemies. The American ministers 
residing at foreign courts were instructed, however, to 
suggest on proper occasions, the wishes of the Presi- 
dent of the United States, for his enlargement. A con- 
fidential person was sent to Berlin to solicit his dis- 
charge. But La Fayette had been placed in the custody 
of the Austrian cabinet, before the messenger arrived. 
The American envoy at the court of St. James, exerted 
himself in favour of the heroic friend of Washington, 
but without effect. As the last resource, the President 
wrote directly to the Emperor of Germany on the sub-- 
ject. Justice both tu Washington and La Fayette re» 
quires the recital of the letter. 

" It will readily occur to your majesty, that occasions 
may sometimes exist, on which official considerations 
would constrain the chief of a nation to be silent and pas- 
sive in relation even to objects which affect his sensi- 
bility, and claim his interposition as a man. Finding 
myself precisely in this situation at present, I take the 
liberty of writing this private letter to your majesty. 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 91 

being persuaded that my motives will also be my apol- 
ogy for it. 

^' In common with the people of this country, I re-^ 
tain a strong and cordial sense of the services rendered 
to them by the Marquis de La Fayette ; and my friend- 
ship for him has been constant and sincere. It is natu- 
ral, therefore, that I should sympathize with him and 
his family in their misfortunes; and endeayour to miti- 
gate the calamities they experience, among which his 
present confinement is not the least distressing. 

'' I forbear to enlarge on this delicate subject. Per- 
mit me only to submit to your majesty's consideration, 
whether his long imprisonment and the confiscation of 
his estate, and the indigence and dispersion of his fami- 
ly, and the painful anxieties incident to all these cir- 
cumstances, do not form an assemblage of sufferings 
which recommend him to the mediation of humanity ? 
Allow me. Sir, on this occasion to be its organ ; and to 
entreat that he may be permitted to come to this coun- 
try, on such conditions as your majesty may think it ex- 
pedient to prescribe. 

i' As it is a maxim with me not to ask what, under 
similar circumstances, I would not grant, your majes- 
ty will do me the justice to believe that this request ap- 
pears to me, to correspond with those great principles 
of magnanimity and wisdom, which form the basis of 
sound policy and durable glory." — But his imperial ma- 
jesty was either destitute of the humanity and magna- 
nimity^ to which Washington appealed ; or was pre- 
vented granting the request, through some promises to 
an " holy alliance^^^ which even then existed among the 
princes of Europe. 

Several members of tb^i British Parliament made m 



'92 MEMOIRS OP LA FAYEXTE 

effort, at this time, for the enlarg-ement of La Fayette 
and his three friends from the dungeon of Olmutz, 
General Fitzpatrick moved for an address to his majes- 
ty, stating "that the detention of La Fayette and others 
by order of the King of Prussia and Emperor of Austria, 
was dishonorable to the cause of the allies, and praying 
him to interfere for their release." In support of his 
motion, he remarked, that although La Fayette was im- 
prisoned by the allied powers on the continent, yet the 
government of Great Britain would be implicated in the 
cruel act, unless it should attempt his liberation, as it 
had now become a member of the coalition against the 
anarchical conduct of the Frencli. He contended that 
justice and humanity required them to intercede in be- 
half of this oppressed and injured man. The generous 
Briton insisted, that La Fayette, though a friend to civ- 
il liberty, was a firm advocate for constitutional princi- 
ples, and was in favor of the power of the King as in a 
limited monarchy : and made a powerful appeal to the 
generosity and honor of his countrymen, to unite in so- 
liciting for the freedom of La Fayette. Colonel Tarl- 
ton, then a member of Parliament, who had been oppos- 
ed to La Fayette in America, in the campaign of 1781, 
supported the motion of his military friend; and with 
great eloquence, urged the propriety and justice of his 
liberation. Mr. Fox also spoke in favor of an address 
to the King, for this humane purpose. But their argu- 
ments and their eloquence were vain. It did not con- 
sist with the existing policy of the British cabinet, to 
listen to the proposition. The motion was lost by a 
large mRJority. 

Bollman proceeded to Olmutz, and thence to Vienna, 
where he was so fortunate as to meet with young Hu- 



MEMOIRS OP LA PAYETTEi 



at 



gev; and they cordially united in the humane and chiv- 
alrous project of rescuing the generous La Fayette.. 
They both repaired immediately to Olmutz, and there 
became acquainted with two other gentlemen, who fa- 
voured their benevolent scheme. But the difficulty of 
effecting it can be easily imagined. A physician of Ol- 
mutz was engaged to make known the plan to La Fay- 
ette, when he visited him in prison, then in reality, or 
apparently in a debilitated state of health. He had, in 
fact, been attacked with fever at Magdeburg, which at 
one time was feared would terminate his valuable life, 
and from the effects of which he had not fully recover* 
ed. By him a note was communicated to La Fayette, 
which he answered with his blood. In a short time, the 
physician prevailed on the governor of the city to per- 
mit his prisoner to take an airing, occasionally, in a 
coach, attended by a guard. It was concerted, that in 
one of his short excursions with the governor, he should 
leave the carriage under some pretence, when he was 
to be joined by Boliman and Huger, and immediately 
conducted under cover of a dark night, to the confines 
of Silesia, beyond the territory of the Emperor of Aus- 
tria. He alighted from the carriage, near a small wood, 
and his generous friends, who were ready to protect 
him, immediately attempted to convey him away on 
horseback ; but the guard, which accompanied the car- 
riage, suspecting some design, pushed forward into the 
wood, and attempted to seize the noble prisoner, and 
his brave friends. A desperate struggle ensued,' in which 
the Marquis was wounded ; but they succeeded in es- 
caping from the guard. Huger was seen and followed 
by some of the peasantry ; and after a long pursuit was 
overtaken and secured. The governor and his guar^ 



94 Memoirs o^ la fayetti^ 

returned to Olrautz ; alarm guns were immediately fipr 
©d, and the whole population for several miles was soon 
engaged in search of La Fayette and BoUman. They 
were taken in the course of the evening, at the distance 
of about ten miles from Olmutz, and conveyed back to 
the prison, where a most rigorous confinement awaited 
them. La Fayette was put in irons, and snifered the 
most excrutiating torture. He was in a feeble state, 
overcome by fatigue, and suffering greatly from the 
bruises and wounds received in his late attempt to es- 
cape. "■ His anxieties, his anguish (and despair we may 
almost say,) at finding himself again in the power of 
his unrelenting jailor, so affected his nerves, that his 
fever returned with increased and alarming violence. 
In this state he was allowed nothing but a little damp 
and mouldy straw ; irons were put round his feet, and 
round his waist was a chain, fastened to the wall, which 
barely permitted him to turn from one side to the oth- 
er. No light was admitted into his cell : and he was 
refused even the smallest allowance of linen. 

"The winter of 1794-95 was very severe, but his 
inhuman jniiors did not relax from the rigour of pre- 
scribed and systematic oppression. It seemed, indeed, 
as if their object was to put an end to their victim's ex- 
istenc* by this ingenious device of incessant cruelty. 
Worn down by disease and the rigour of the season, his 
hair fell from his head, and he was emaciated to the 
last degree. i'o these physical distresses were soon 
superadded those mental anxieties, which perhaps, were 
still more difficult to endure. The only information he 
could obtain respecting the fate of his wife and children, 
for whom be felt the greatest solicitude, was, that they 
-were confined in the prisons cf Paris : and in reply tQ 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 93 

liis enquiries concerning his most generous friends, Boll- 
man and Hu«er, he was informed by his unfeeling tor- 
mentors that thej were soon to perish by the hands of 
the hangman." 

BoUman and Huger were kept in close confinement 
in the prison at Olmutz, for some time, for having at- 
tempted to rescue La Fayette from his cruel imprison- 
ment. The keepers of the prison were unfeeling men ; 
and instead of showing any favour to their prisoners, 
who ought to have received their admiration, subject- 
ed them to unnecessary severity. They were subject- 
ed to strict examination, after a long confinement, and 
the sentence of their judges was in favour of their lib- 
eration, on paying a large amount to government. By 
the aid of some generous friends, they were furnished 
with the requisite sums, and discharged from the 
prison. But La Fayette was still detained in prison, 
and in the same suffering and shameful condition as 
before mentioned. !t was several months before his 
irons and chains were ^»efmoved ; which was effected 
through the very benevolent individuals,who had secret- 
ly favoured his recent ivttempt to escape ; but who, 
happily both for him and themselves, were not suspect- 
ed of any agency in the plot: these were an opulent 
Jewish merchant, and the chief surgeon to the prison- 
ers. They prevailed hIso with the civil authority to 
grant permission to the Marq*iis to walk an hour each 
day, in front »»f the prison, though in custody of a strong 
guard of soldiers, and no one was allowed to speak to 
kirn 

Unutterably -painful and distressing must have beea 
the situation of Madame La Fayette ever after the fa- 
tal day, when her beloved and affectionute husband felt 



'^t' fiKMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

it his duty to depart from France, and leave her and 
their three children unprotected, and subject to the 
insults and severities of an enraged and lawless 
mob. She and her two daughters, then about fifteen 
and twelve, wt-re cast into prison in Paris. Ihe fam- 
ily estates were confiscated, and most of his particular 
friends fell by the stroke of the guilotine. In this ag- 
onizing condition, she maintained the most wonderful 
fortitude and patience ; without uncommon firmness and 
sincere trust in providence, she must have sunk under 
such deep and complicated distress. While she was in 
prison, -she was often found in a retired spot, engaged 
inholy and humble supplication to heaven. When she 
was released from the prison, after about twenty months 
of degrading confinement, her constitution was greatly 
enfeebled, and her friends and physician advised her to 
seek repope at some retired place in the country. But 
she refused, and feeble and emaciated as she was, she 
resolved to proceed immediately to Olmutz, and to 
hury herself in prison with her husband, unless she 
could possibly procure his liberation. With this pur- 
pose in view, she went first to Vienna, to endeavour tO 
concilitate the favor and influence of the Emperor, 
Through the friendly interposition of two noble fe- 
males, acquainted at court, she was admitted to an au- 
dience with the Emperor. 

He received her graciously, and professed a desire 
that her request might be fulfilled; but gave no posi- 
tive orders tor the liberation of La Fayette, because 
his political engagements with other courts prevented 
it. He, however, consented that she might visit her 
hu-jband. She accordingly repaired to Olmutz, to min- 
isterj as an angel of light, to his comfort, though not 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE.* ^ 

tlotlied with power to give him that liberty, which they 
ardently hoped. She and her daughters sliared with 
him the confinement of a dreary prison, for nearly two 
years. It was not until 1797, that they were set at 
liberty : and this was immediately owing to the influ- 
ence of General Bonaparte, on his victories over the 
Austrians in that year. La Fayette expressed his grat- 
itude for this generous interference ; but he made no 
sacrifice of principle, and was never his admirer or sup- 
porter. 

While confined in <he prison of Olmutz, with her 
husband, Madame La Fayette, whose health was much 
impaired by her serrows and suffering, requested leave 
to visit Vienna for a week. She was informed her 
request would be granted on condition, that her daugh- 
ters should be kept in a separate apartment from their 
father, and that she herself would never again enter 
the prison. She declined the offer, with indignation. 
Her letter on the subject, concludes thus—" Whatever 
may be the state of my own health and the inconven- 
ience attending the stay of my daughters in this place, 
we will most gratefully take advantage of the goodness" 
his imperial majesty has expressed towards us, by the 
permission to share in the miseiiesofthis captivity.''^ 

When the Emperor of Austria agreed to his liberal 
tion, he proposed certain conditions, to which La Faj'- 
«tte refused his assent. One was that he should im- 
mediately leave Europe and embark to America, 
" This," said the noble-minded Marquis, " has often 
-been my desire and intention : but as my consent 
to ihis proposition, at the present moment, would be 
an acknowledgment of his right to impose such a 
condition, I cannot comply with the demanJ.''— ^ 
I 



98 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTlE. 

The other was, that as the principles which La Fay- 
ette professed were supposed to be incompatible with 
the safety of the Austrian governnient, the Emperor 
could not consent that he should again enter his terri- 
tory without a special permission. To this La Fayette 
replied, " that there already existed antecedent obli- 
gations, of which he could not divest himself; partly 
towards America, but chiefly towards France ; and that 
he could not engage to do any thing, which should in- 
terfere with the rights of his country to his personal 
services. With these exceptions, he assured the Em- 
peror's ambassador, that it was his firm resolution not 
t-o set foot again on any part of his Majesty's domin- 
ions." 

When he was set free from the long and severe in- 
carceration at Olmutz, ]-a Fayette proceeded to the 
neutral city of Hamburg, with his family ; where he 
received the kindest and most respectful attentions 
from some American gentlemen, then in that place, 
and also from many of the distinguished citizens, who 
cherished the highest regard for his character, and 
liis meritorious services in the cause of liberty. It was 
at this time, that his son, George Washington La Fay- 
ette, joined the family, on his return from the United 
States, where he had just then passed several years. 
After a short residence in Hamburg, La Fayette ac- 
cepted the invitation of an Hanoverian nobleman, and 
passed some time at his elegant chateau in Holstein, 
where his eldest daughter was married to Latour Mau- 
bourg, a brother of one of the Marquis' staff officers, 
who retired with him from France, August 1 792 ; and 
had shared with him the severities of the prison of 
>lagdeburg and Olmutz. He then resided some time 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYEtTE 99 

in the family of a French emigrant, living in that vicin- 
ity, and who was a distant relative of Madame La Fay- 
ette. In this situation he studied the. agriculture of 
Holstein^ and gave particular attention to the raising 
of merino sheep, an object in which he was also en- 
gaged after his return to La Grange, his country seat 
near Paris. 

In 1800 a new revolution took place in the French 
government. The Directors were found to be incom- 
petent to the support of order; cabals and factions still 
existed, and confusion prevailed through the nation. 
General Bonaparte, who had led the armies to victory 
in several campaigns, was ambitious of the sole direc^ 
tion of public affairs. The executive power, by the 
new constitution, was to be placed in three Consuls, of 
whom Napoleon was elected chief. A Conservative 
Senate, so called, was to constitute a part of the Legis- 
lature and to be joined with the Consuls also in provid- 
ing for the public welfare in cases of particular emer- 
gency. By the constitutionalists and those opposed to 
the violent factions, by which France had been long 
agitated and disgraced, this change was considered as 
auspicious to the cause of rational liberty. They hop- 
ed that a more stable government would be now form- 
ed, and that their country would enjoy a season of re- 
pose. La Fayette seized this favorable moment to re- 
turn to France, after an absence of nearly eight years. 
His patriotic feelings had not abated, though he had 
suffered so long and so intensely from the hatred of 
those who directed the destinies of his country. His 
love of liberty was not weakened, though many of his 
countrymen, with its sacred name on their lips, had 
committed excesses almost without a parallel in the most 
despotic governments. The First Consul invited La 



dOd MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

Fayette to take a seat in the Consenrative Senate ; but 
be declined ; by which he gave new proofs of his dis- 
interested and sincere attachment to the constitutional 
liberty and the rights of the people. After several 
conversations with Bonaparte, he was satisfied of the 
ambitious views of this military adventurer. He per- 
ceived that the constitution was to serve as an apology 
for the exercise of unhmited power in the First Con- 
sul ; and that representatives and- senators were to be 
the humble ministers of his will. He saw that the 
constitution did not emanate from the will of the peo- 
ple ; and wa?< not calculated to secure and promote 
their welfare. Bonaparte also had discernment to 
iearn, that La Fayette was too sincere a friend to civil 
liberty and to the interests of the people, to support his 
purposes, or to submit to his plans of personal aggran- 
dizement. 

We shall have a more just estimation of the noble 
Sentiments with which La Fayette was animated, in de- 
clining t!ie gejierous offers of the First Consul, when 
it is considered, that, in addition to his self-banishment 
to private life^ he also refused an honorable salary of 
7000 dollars, when the estates which remained in his 
possession yielded only 2000 dollars. He had a grant 
of land from the American Congress, in consideration 
of his important services in the revolution, estimated to 
be worth 100,000 dollars. Before the revolution, his 
income was 50,000 dollars : but the most valuable of 
his patrimonial property, as well as that which accrued 
to him in consequence of his marriage, had been seiz- 
ed by the lawless robbers of the revolution. 

It was in conformity to the principles, which he had 
long professed and by which he was constantly guided, 



m«:moirs of la fayette. 101 

that he soon after opposed the election of Bonaparte 
as Consul for life. He would have consented, per- 
haps, to the claims of the aspiring Napoleon to be 
the First Magistrate of France, under a conslitution» 
which expressly defined and restricted his power, and 
at the same time provided a sufficient guaranty of the 
liberties of th<> people. 

On this occasion he wrote thus to the First Consul — 
'* vv hen a man, who is deeply impressed with a sense of 
the gratitude he owes you, and who is too ardent a lover 
of glory to be indifferent to yours, connects his suffrage 
with conditional restrictions, those restrictions not only 
secure him from suspicion, but prove amply, that no one 
will more gladly than himself behold in you the chief 
magistriite ihv life, of a free and independent republic;. 

*' The eighteenth Brumaire saved France from de- 
struction ; and 1 felt myself reassured and recalled by 
the liberal declarations to which you have connected 
the sanction of your honor. In your consular au- 
thority,^ there was afterwards discerned that salutary 
dictatorial prerogative, which under the auspices of a 
genius like yours, accomplished such glorious purpo- 
ses — yet less glorious, let me add. than the restoration 
of liberty would prove. 

" It is not possible, general, that you, the first among 
that order of mankind, which surveys every age and ev- 
ery country, can desire that a revolution, m^irked by an 
unexampled series of stupendous victories and unheard 
of sufferings, shall give notliing to the worhlbut a rcn^ 
ovated system of arbitrary governinr?nl. The peo 
pie of this country have been acquainleil with their 
rights too long, to forget them forever: but perhaps 
they may recover and enjoy tivcm belter now thaa. 
I 2- 



10® MEMOIRS OF LA. PAYETTE. 

during" the period of revolutionary effervescence. And 
you, by the strength af your character and the influ- 
ence of public contidence, by the superiority of your 
talents, your power, and your fortunes, in re-establish- 
ing the liberties of France, can allay all agitations, calm 
all anxieties and subdue all dangers. 

" When 1 wish, then, to see the career of your glo- 
ry crowned by the honors of perpetual magistracy, I 
but act in correspondence with my own private senti- 
ments, and am influenced exclusively by patriotic con- 
siderations. But all my political and moral obligations, 
the principles which have governed every action of my 
life, call on me to pause before I bestow on you my 
suffrage, until I feel assured that your authority shall 
he erected on a basis worthy of the nation and yourself. 

" I confidently trust, general, that you will recog- 
nize here, as you have done on all other occasions, a 
steady continuance of my political opinions, combined 
with the sincerest prayers for your welfare, and the 
deepest sense of all my obligations towards you.'' 

Here closed all connexion between La Fayette and 
Bonaparte. The First Consul not only avoided all in- 
tercourse with one so sincerely devoted to the cause of 
liberty ; but he treated him with that studied neglect, 
which was little short of persecution. There was indeed 
nothing congenial either in the character or principles 
of these two distinguished men. The one was aiming 
at power by any means, without regard to the rights or 
happiness of his fellow men ; the other was anxious 
for the permanent establishment of a mild government 
in his native country, for the true welfare and liberty 
of the people • and was willing to make every sacrifice 
for the attainment of such great objects.. 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETtEL t^^i. 

The unfriendly feelings of Bonaparte were extended 
even to the younger La Fayette, This patriotic youth, 
with much of the public spirit of his noble father,engaged 
in the service of his country soon after his return from 
America. He was an aid of the brave Grouchy, gen- 
eral of division ; an active, intelligent, meritorious 
officer, and distinguished on various occasions. But 
he received neither advancement nor distinction from 
the Emperor. It was, on the contrary, the wish of 
Napoleon, that young La Fayette would send in his 
resignation, and retire from the army. When this was 
made known to him, he observed, " that as long as 
his country was involved in war, he should not dis- 
grace himself by a resignation ; and that he should be 
ashamed to think of it, while his companions were 
daily exposing themselves to danger. It was true, he 
was an American citizen, but he was first of all a French- 
man and a loyal Frenchman." 

G. VV. La Fayette was much esteemed by the offi- 
cers who knew him, of all ranks ; and they frequently 
solicited his promotion ; but the Emperor disregarded 
alike the merits of the youthful hero and the entreaties 
of his military friends. He continued in the army un- 
til the treaty of Tilsit. 

To a man of his great sensibility and warmth of af- 
fection, the severest affliction which La Fayette has 
been called to endure, great and various as have been 
his sufferings, now awaited him. His amiable, his at- 
tached and devoted wife was torn from him, in his re- 
treat, within a few years after his return to France ; 
when he more than ever, perhaps, needed her company 
andsolice, to fortify his mind under the multiplied dis- 
appointments from the world. 



10^4 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

She had never enjoyed perfect health after her im- 
prisonment at Olmutz. ['lUt possessed of uncommon 
fortitude and imbued with religious sentiments, she was 
Still instrumental in promoting the happiness of her 
husband and family. Her patience, her equanimity, 
her sweetness of temper never forsook her. But her 
con'^titution was broken, and a sudden paralysis de- 
prived her of h -r physical strength and almost of 
speech. At the urgent request of her husband, though'^ 
with reluctance, she was conveyed to Paris for med- 
ical assistance ; but it proved Jn vain. She died in 
December 1807. 

While Madame de La Fayette was in the prison in 
Paris, though treated with the greatest severity by 
Robespierre and his party, she had the consolation of 
sharing in the sympathetic kindness and assistance of 
many individuals, who were willing to expose them- 
selves to the hatred of her cruel persecutors for her 
relief. A gentleman from Boston, Joseph Ru^sel, Esq. 
then a resident in Pans, made great efforts for her 
liberation; although by. this generous interference he 
hazarded his own life. It was through his friendly 
assistance, that her son G VV. La Fayette, then about 
fourteen years of age, was conveyed to the United 
States, where he remained till tht! discharge of hi^ 
parents from the dungeons of Oimutz. 

About this period, and soon after the death of his ami- 
able wife. General La Fayette received a severe frac- 
ture in one of his legs, by a fall, which occasioned his 
confinement for nearly twelve months, and was the 
cause of his present lameness. He had been transact- 
ing business with the minister of the marine ; and in 
going from the ofScs to his carri age, a distance of tw6 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 105^ 

Hundred paces, late in the evening, after a heavy rain 
and sleet, which had rendered it dangerous walking, he 
fell suddenly and broke a bone. 

For six or seven years, til! 1814, when Louis X' III. 
returned to France to mount the throne of the Bourbons, 
La Fayette resided at his chateau of La Grange, an in- 
active spectator of the political changes which took 
place. No doubt he had a sufficient apology for this 
inaction and voiunmry retreat trom public affairs. He 
was too honest and too candid, too much an enemy to the 
anarchy of the jacobin factions, and to the despotism of 
the Emperor, to support either, or to be received into 
their contidence. He would probably have been satis- 
fied with the restoration of a Bourbon to the throne, if 
the throne could be founded in a constitution, admiting 
the representatives of the people to a share in legisla- 
tion, and detining the extent and the measure of the ex- 
ecutive authority. He was animated by the same pi in« 
ciples and sentiments which governed him in the part 
he aUedin 1789 and 1792: and although he might ac- 
quiesce in a different government, either under the First 
Consul, or under Louis XVIK. he could not, consist- 
ently, and therefore he chose not to lorward their views 
by his own personal influence and support. He was 
still calumniated by some agents of the Bourbons, yet 
he declared, on the return of Bonaparte from Llba, to 
gain the throne of France, ''that in ail measures, which 
should promote or be consistent with the hberties of 
the people, he would aid the cause of the legitimate 
heir of the crown." The views of Louis' friends and 
allies were too arbitrary to lead them to expect his ap- 
probation and aid. 

Louis XVill. had not been long in France, hefoje 



•lX}i^ HEMOmS OF LA PAYETTE. 

great discontent was manifested among the citizens at 
the prospect of his being placed on the throne of his 
"brother. Napoleon and his friends took advantage of 
this state of things; he left his retreat in the Island of 
Elba, and returned to Paris. Louis was obliged to re- 
tire. Bonaparte, through his brother Joseph, the ex* 
king of Spain, solicited of La Fayette to accept of a 
peerage. But he promptly declined; but observed', 
^^ that if there should bo a convocation of a chamber of 
representatives," which he strenuously urged,' '^ he 
would consent to take a part in public affairs, should h6 
be elected." His independence and his want of faith 
in Napoleon, were preserved, notwithstanding the ur- 
gent advances of the latter ; and he resolutely refused 
to go nearhim till after his final abdication. Yet even 
at this time, La Fayette thought he might rely on '• his 
cordial opposition to all foreign invasion and influence, 
and to any family or party which should avail itself of 
such assistance in order to attack the independence and 
the liberties of France.'' Much as he distrusted the 
views of Bonaparte, and desirous as he was of some ex- 
plicit guaranty, from him and his supporters, for the 
liberty of the French people, he would not unite with 
the Baurbons, who were resolved to place Louis XVIIL 
firmly on the throne of his ancestors, by any means in 
their power, and who had collected an army of one mil- 
lion two hundred thousand foreigners to accomplish 
their object, at the risque of a civil war, and a general 
slaughter, similar to that with which the unprincipled, 
revolutionary jacobins had before afHicied the nation. 
La Fayette was now elected a member of the chamber 
of deputies from his own department, though he had 
protested against the articles of the constitution of the 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 10^7 

empire, and of the adJitioa;i) act which conspired against 
the sovereignty of the people, and the rights of the citi- 
zens. This was a strong proof of the sense the peo- 
ple had of his integrity and his patnoUsra sfter the 
battle of Waterloo, Napoleon returned to Paris, in con- 
sternation, and undecided as to the course he ivould pur- 
sue on this signal reverse of fortune. Some of his friends 
advised him again to abdicate the office of Emperor, 
which he held by so precarious a tenure ; others sug- 
gested decisive and bold measures, with a view to for- 
tify himself in power, even in opposition to the will and 
wishes of the deputies. He attempted to prorogue the 
chamber of representatives, and have himself proclaim- 
ed perpetual dictator. La Fayette was then present 
in the chamber ; and witli his usual independence and 
energy, made the following observations. 

'' When, for the first time for many years, I raise my 
Toice, which the old friends of liberty will recognise a- 
gain, 1 feel constrained to address you, gentlemen, on 
the imminent danger of the country, which you alone 
are able to prevent. 

"Disastrous reports have been circulated and are now 
unhappily confirmed. Now is the time to rally round 
the old tri-Goloured standard of 1789, of liberty, of equal- 
ity, and of public order. It is this alone which we are 
bound to defend against foreign pretensions and domes- 
tic factions. Allov*' a veteran in this holy cause, who 
has always been an enemy to the baneful spirit of dis- 
sension, to submit the following preliminary resolutions^ 
of which J hope you will admit the necessity. 

" First. The Chamber of Representatives declare, 
that the independence of the nation is endangered. 

''^Second. The Chamber declare themselresio con- 



lbs MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

tinued session — That every attempt to prorogue the 
Chamber shall be considered high treason — That any 
one guilty of such an attempt shall be deemed a traitor 
to his country, and be instantly proceeded SLgainst as 
such. 

'' Third. The army of the line and the national 
guards, who have fought and are still fighting for the 
independence of France, deserve the gratitude of their 
country. 

" Fourth. The minister of the interior is directed to 
assemble the general staff, the commandants and majors 
of the legion of the national guard of Paris, to consult 
on the means of supplying them with arms, and to ren- 
der complete this citizen-guard; whose zeal and pat- 
riotism having been proved for twenty-six years, offer 
a sure guaranty of the liberty, the property and the 
tranquillity of the capital, and of the inviolability of the 
'representatives of the nation. 

"Fz/iA. The ministers of war, of foreign relations, 
of the interior and of the police, are invite«l to attend 
the assembly immediately.'' 

When the Emperor was informed that La Fayette 
was in the tribune, and engaged in the discussions on 
the proposition of constituting him dictator for life, he 
expressed great alarm and anxiety He knew the sen- 
timents of" La Fayette too well, not to feel assured of 
his opposition to such a measure. For this consistent 
and zealous advocate for the rights of the people had 
always been hostile to a chief magistrate, under any ti- 
tle, who should possess absolute power; and contended 
for a constitution to limit and define the executive au- 
thority. It was then that Bonaparte exclaimed, " La 
^Fayette in the tribune !' and his great agitation betray- 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 109 

ed the belief, that his power was at an end. In this 
situation, his armies deieated, and the representatives 
of the people opposed to his wishes of a perpetual dic- 
tatorship, he gave t^ormal notice of his purpose to abdi- 
cate the imperial authority. La Fayette was at the 
head of the deputation appointed by the chamber of 
representatives, to wait on the Emperor, to accept and 
thank him for his abdication. A few days before this, 
when the deputies were accused of being capricious 
and ungrateful, by a friend of Napoleon, La Fayette 
observed, in reply, " go tell him that we can trust him 
no longer ; we ourselves will undertake the salvation 
of our country." 

Although he opposed the ambitious views of Bona- 
parte, and boldly and decidedly remonstrated a^^ainst 
his intention of again assuming absolute power, yet he 
moved in the chamber of Representutives, at this time, 
that the liberty and person of the late Emperor Na- 
poleon should be placed under the protection of the 
French nation ; expecting, probably, that the allied 
princes of Europe, already in the vicinity of Paris with 
powerful armies, would take his life, or cause him to 
be imprisoned. 

La Fayette was one of the Commissioners appointed 
by the Chamber o! Deputies to propose to the allie"d 
powers a suspension of hostilities. His object was to 
provide for the liberty of the people, and to exact a 
promise of some limitations and restrictions to the royal 
authority. But the friends and supporters of the Bour- 
bon dynasty, the heredit.iry princes of Europe, had a 
powerful arm}' in the suburbs of Paris, and they re^ 
fused to make any terms with the most moderate and 
honorable advocates of popular rights. Though one 
K 



1q1 memoirs of la FAYETTE. 

tyrant was overthrown ; another was to he forced upon 
Ihem : not precisely an usurper indeed ; but who, with- 
out a constitution for his guide, and surrounded by men 
of arbitrary principles might be instrumental in their 
oppression and degredation. When he returned to 
Paris, he found the invading armies in possession of 
the city. Napoleon escaped, and nominal tranquillity 
was restored to the capital of France. But it was a 
tranquillity produced by a military force ; and not that 
which is the efl'ect of a wise and energetic government 
founded in the will of the people. The doors of the 
assembly were closed against the representatives of the 
people, by the gens cParmes^ the agents who restored 
the Bourbon dynasty. Many of the deputies then as- 
sembled at the house of La Fayette ; at whose instance 
they repaired to the President's to record their testi- 
mony to this forced and unjust exclusion, and to sign 
the proces verbal. 

As he alike disapproved of Louis or Napoleon as- 
suming the power of King or Emperor, without a bill 
of rights securing the privileges of the people, and a 
constitution as the inile and measure of executive acts, 
it was no longer in his power to render service to his 
country in a public station : nor did the favorites of 
Louis XVII I. invite him to take part in the administra- 
tion of government, which they proposed to establish. 
It may appear surprising, on the first view of the sub- 
ject, that the friends of a monarch of the reputed mild 
character of Louis, who must wish the greatest happi- 
ness of his subjects, should refuse to such men as La 
Fayette, all share in the government ; and at the same 
time, take into their employment and confidence, many 
of the creatures of Bonaparte, who were.destitute alike 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. IH 

of principle and patriotism. But it is often found to be 
the fact, that the sincere and honest, who will not flat- 
ter, and do not approve all the projects of an ambitious 
aspirant, or an arbitrary Prince, are less courted, than 
those who have no settled principles, or one ever ready 
to support the successful candidate for power. 

Except the short and occasional engagements in po* 
litical concerns, just above related. La Fayette, after 
his return to France in the year 1800, generally re- 
mained at his estate, about thirty miles from Paris. 
But though retired from the more active scenes of pub- 
lic life, he enjoyed the friendship of several eminent 
characters in his own country ; and was visited by all 
distinguished Americans, and many Bridsh statesmen 
and scholars, whose business or amusement led them to 
travel through France. He was always particularly 
desirous to learn the affairs of America, his adopted 
country ; and was careful to procure all the publica- 
tions from the United States. Besides literary pursuits, 
he was occasionally occupied in attending to the culti- 
vation and improvement of his family estate. Such has 
frequently been the employment and solace of eminent, 
men, when they have retired from high public stations, 
in which their services and exertions have met the 
mistaken censure or the neglect of the world. During 
several of the first years of this retirement, he was 
blessed with the society of an amiable and affectionate 
wife. And after her much lamented death, which has 
been before noticed, he still enjoyed the pleasure of be- 
ing surrounded by his children and grand children, in 
whose education and improvement he always took a 
truly pateraal interest. 

At the time the federal constitution was in discussion 



1 1 2 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

hy conventions in the several states, and when it first 
went into operation, Alexander Hamilton, who was its 
zealous advocate, corresponded with La Fayette on the 
subject. The letters have not been published ; but it 
is probable they would be highly interesting to the pol- 
itician and statesman, and serve fully to develope the 
views of both these eminent men on the science of civil 
government. This was about the period of the com- 
mencement of the Fre^ich revolution. The particular 
extent of the change in the monarchical government of 
France, contemplated by La Fayette, may appear by 
this epistolary discussion. If not wholly confidential, it 
may be expected, that the letters will be given to the 
American publick. 

His second daughter, Virginia, married Monsieur de 
Lasteyrie, a young gentleman of eminent literary at- 
tainments ; and who distinguished himself, also, as an 
officer in the French army, during the reign of Napo- 
leon; particularly in the campaign of Jena, Eylau, 
Friedland, &c. But this brave and meritorious officer 
shared, with his brother-in-law, G. W. Fayette, the con- 
stant neglect and hatred of Bonaparte. G. W. Fayette 
was married to a daughter of Count de Tracy, one of 
the party of moderates, or liberals, as often denominat- 
ed, and sometime a member of the conservative sen- 
ale. The son and sons-in-law of General La Fayette, 
reside at the same chateau with their father.; which is 
sufficiently spacious, not only for the respectable ac- 
commodation of the four united families, the father, 
son and two sons-in-law ; but for the reception and oc- 
casional residence of family or other particular friends, 
who often pass much time in this hospitable mansion. 
Monsieur de Maubourg, an old and intimate friend of 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAY^TTF, : J 

General La Fajette, wilh his \^(\^^ usuaily spend the 
greater part of the year at the chateau of La Grange. 
The son, and eldest daughter, who married Charles 
Latour Maubourg, have each several children, who are 
peculiar objects of affection and interest with their re- 
spected grandsire. 

The following remarks of Madame de Stael, whd 
personally knew much of General La Fayette,* and who 
was well acquainted with characters and events con- 
nected with the French revolution, are deemed worthy 
of being presented to the reader of these hasty me- 
moirs. 

" M. de La Fayette, having fought from his early 
youth for the cause of America, had early become im- 
bued with the piinciples of hberty, which form the ba- 
sis of that government. If he made mistakes with re. 
gard to the French revolution, we are to ascribe them 
all to his admiration of the American institutions, and 
of Washington, the hero citizen, who guided the first 
steps of that nation in the career of Independence. La 
Fayette, young, affluent, of noble family, and beloved 
at home, relinquished all these advantages at the age of 
nineteen, to serve beyond the ocean in the cause of 
that liberty, the love of which has decided every action 
of his life. Had he had the happiness to be a native of 
the United States, his conduct would have been that of 
Washington : the same disinterestedness, the same en- 
thusiasm, the same perseverance in their opinions, dis- 
tinguished each oi these generous friends of humanity. 

* She was alf-o an intimate friend of Madame de La Fayelte. 
They were accu^d, \n the days of suspicion and terrofj of beiDjj 
loo much cnijbged in political affairs. 
K 2- 



ii4 . 

Ba; G-r;-v'^ '^fa'^KfetA.- ' -ou, like the Marquiis de La 
FajfJli^, c L-mandor of the ^'-ational guard of Paris, he 
also might have found it impossible to control the course 
of circumstances; he also might have seen his efforts 
baffled hy the difficulty of being at once faithful to his 
engagements to the king, and of establishing at the 
same time, the liberty of his country. 

" M. de La Fayette, I must say, has a right to be con- 
sidered a true republican : none of the vanities of his 
rank, ever entered his head : power, the effect of which 
is so great in France, had no ascendency over him : the 
desire of pleasing in a drawing room conversation, did 
not with him influence a single phrase : be sacrificed 
all his fortune to his opinions, with the most generous 
indifference. When in the prisons of Olmutz, as when 
at the height of his influence, he was equally firm in his 
attachment to his principles. His mannerof seeing and 
acting, is open and direct. Whoever has marked his 
conduct, may foretel with certainty what he will do on 
any particular occasion. His political feeling is that of 
a citizen of the United States; and even his person is 
more English than French. The hatred, of which M. 
de La Fayette is the object, has never embittered his 
temper; and his gentleness of soul is complete: at the 
same time nothing has ever modified his opinions ; and 
his confidence in the triumph of liberty, is the same as 
that of a pious man in a future life. These sentiments, 
so contrary to the selfish calculations of most of the 
men who have acted a part in France, may appear pit- 
iable in the eyes of some persons — "it is so silly" they 
think, ''to prefer one's country to one's self; not to 
'change one's party when that party is worsted j in 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 1 I 3 

short, to consider mankind, not as cards vvith which to 
play a winning game, but as the sacred objects of un- 
limited sacrifices. " If this is to form the charge of sil- 
liness, would that it were but once merited by our men 
of taients ! 

'• It is a sing-ular phenomenon, that such a character 
as that of M. de La Fayette, should have appeared in 
the foremost rank of the French noblesse ; but he can 
neither be censured nor exculpated with impartialit}^ 
without being acknowledged to be such as I have de- 
scribed him. It then becomes easy to understand the 
different contrasts which naturally arose between his 
disposition and situation. Supporting monarchy more 
from duty than attachment, he drew involuntarily to- 
wards the principles of the democrats, whom he was 
obliged to resist ; and a certain kindness for the advo- 
cates of the republican form, was perceptible in him, 
although his reflection forbade the admission of their 
System into France. Since the departure of M. de La 
Fayette for America, now forty years ago, we cannot 
quote a single action or a single word of his, which was 
not direct and consistent. Personal interest never 
blended itself in the least with his public conduct: suc- 
cess would have displayed such sentiments to advan- 
tage J- but they claim the attention of the historian in 
spite of circumstances, and in spite of faults, which may 
serve as a handle to his opponents." 

M. La Fayette was returned a member of the cham- 
ber of deputies from his own department, in 1819, 
though his election was opposed by the ministerial par- 
ty. Some members rejoiced to see again among them, 
the '^ friend and disciple of Washington ;" while others, 



1 IG MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTK. 

the adherents of monarchy, viewed him with distrust 
and jealousy, as "the veteran general of the revolu- 
tion.'' He was not a very active member of this le- 
gislative body ; for he was convinced it would be in 
vain to attempt restoring the constitution of 1789. He 
seldom attended the assembly : but on several questions, 
when he was present, discovered the same political 
sentiments which directed his conduct in the early days 
of the revolution. The minister offered a proposition 
for establishing a censorship over the public journals, 
and for arresting persons suspected of being inimical to 
the restoration of the Bourbons. La Fayette spoke a- 
gainst the proposed law, " as subversive of all order, of 
all right, and of the natural and just privileges of the 
citizens." He referred to the evils consequent upon 
all arbitrary proceedings against persons merely sus- 
pected of being untViendly to the government, and to 
the probable mischiefs which would arise from a severe 
restriction upon the liberty of the press. The minister 
himself acknowledged, that the proposition was not 
wholly consistent with the national rights of the citi- 
zens ; but insisted upon its expediency in the present 
state of the nation. At this time, also, he reminded the 
ministers of promises, which hnd been made by the po- 
litical friends of Louis XVIII. in favor of the liberties of 
the people. He ''conjured them to maintain the lib- 
erties of France, within the limits prescribed by the 
constitution." " To violate it," said he, *' is to dissolve 
the mutual guarantys of the nation and of the throne ; 
it is to give ourselves up to a total primitive freedom 
from all duties and all laws." This discussion was un- 
usually animated, and La Fayette was very decided in 



■I 



JfEMOlRS OF LA FAYETTE. 1 1<:7 

his opposition to the measure. The course pursued 
by the court was condemned; and some severity of re- 
mark was indulged in, as to the desig-ns of ministers. 
The ministerial party obtained but a small majority in 
favor of the law; and some fermentation was excited 
in Paris in relation to this subject. The liberals^ or the 
friends of constitutional freedom, were insulted, and the- 
life of La Fayette was openly menaced. 

This year, a society was formed among the friends 
of constitutional freedom, for the relief of those, who 
were arrested on mere suspicion, or on a charge of vi- 
olating the restrictions on the press; but who were be- 
lieved to be unjustly suspected, and who had been found 
entirely innocent, even in the eye of the law, rigid a» 
yvere its provisions. This was a numerous society ;— 
consisting of tifty four members of the chamber of dep- 
uties, and many other opulent and literary citizen?; at 
the head of which we find the name of M. La Fayette. 

The distinguished Americans and Englishmen who 
have visited La Fayette, at his family mansion of La 
Grange, describe his residence and its inmates as most 
beautiful and interesting. " It is situated in the fertile 
district of La Brie, thirty miles from Paris, remote from 
any common road, and far distant from the bustling 
world. In the midst of a luxuriant wilderness, rising 
above prolific orchards and antiquated woods, appears 
the five towers of La Grange, tinged with the golden 
rays of the declining sun. The deep moat, the draw 
bridge, the ivied tower and arched portals, opening in- 
to a large square court, has a feudal and picturesque 
character; and the associations which occur, on enter- 
ing the residence of a man so heroic, so disinterested. 



MB MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETT& 

ffo celebrated, fill the mind with peculiar admiration, 
and excite the most lively interest." The family par- 
ty, partaking more of patriarchal than of courtly man- 
ners, is composed of individuals mutually attached, and 
anxious only for mutual improvement and happiness. 
It represents the younger members, as employed in 
their studies or engaged in innocent recreations so sal- 
utary to the youthful temper and constitution : and the 
older, as occupied in useful and literary pursuits, or de- 
voted to the more enlivening pleasures of conversation. 
" The venerable head of this happy family, at the 
age of sixty seven, is in the full possession of every tal- 
ent and faculty. His memory has all the tenacity of 
youthful recollection. On his person, time has yet 
made little vi.^ible impression. Not a wrinkle furrows 
the ample brow ; and his unbent and noble figure is still 
as upright, bold and vigorous, as the mind which in- 
forms it. Grace, strength and dignity still distinguish 
the fine person of this extraordinary man; who, thousch 
more than forty years before the world, engaged in 
scenes of strange and eventful conflict, does not yet ap- 
pear to have reached his grand climactric. Active on 
his farm, graceful and elegant in his salon^ it is dithcult 
to trace, in one of the most successful agriculturists, and 
one of the most perfect fine gentlemen of France, a 
warrior and a legislator. But the patriot is always dis- 
cernible. His conversation i^ enriched with anecdotes 
of all that is celebrated in character or event, for the 
last fifty years. His elegant and well chosen collection 
of books, occupies the highest apartments in one of the 
towers of the chateau ; and, like the study of Montaigne, 
hangs over the farm yard of the philosophical agricul- 



MEMOIRS Oi' LA FAYETTE. 119 

turist. ft frequently happens, said M. La Fayette, io 
one of his visitors as they were looking from a window 
on some flocks, which were moving beneath, that my 
merinos and my hay carts-^spute my attention to Hume 
or Voltaire." 

Of the benevolent affections of La Fayette, his whole 
life affords abundant proofs. He was possessed of the 
most patriotic and generous feeling. Numerous instan- 
ces are also related of his kindness to individuals, and 
of his private benefactioiis. The children of his ten- 
ants, and neighbours were objects of his generosity and 
complacency. And those who are unjustly oppressed, 
or defrauded, were sure to fmd in him, an able advo- 
cate. The widow of an American otBcer, of French 
parentage, who was left destitute at the death of her 
gallant husband, had a claim for patrimonial estates in 
France. The legal evidence to substantiate her claim 
was exceedingly difficult to be procured. The case 
was made known to La Fayette, and he never ceased 
his exertions until he recovered the greater part of 
the estate. 

Soon after the arrival of young La Fayette in Boston, 
1795, he wrote to General Washington, then President 
of the United States, informing him of his situation, and 
requesting advice and counsel from the friend of his 
father. y\s the chief magistrate of the nation, it would 
not have been prudent m Washington, pubhcly to inter- 
fere in his behalf — La Fayette, at this period, was al- 
most equally obnoxious to the rulers of France, as any 
one of the royal family. He had, indeed, been most wn- 
justly denounced and proscribed by the dominant party; 
but they pretended he was attached to a monarchj' ; 



120 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

and a public official act of patronage in the Presic'c'nf, 
towards young La Fayette, would have furnished a 
pr text for complaint against the government. VVash- 
iiigton had already given proof, that he did not approve 
of (he conduct of the Frencii Directory, nor of the pro- 
ceedings of their minister in America. But though a 
prudent policy- forbid all official attention and aid to the 
son of La Fayette, the generous &, noble feelings of Wash- 
ington induced him to give assurances oi personal re- 
gard, and of a readiness to afford all proper assistance 
towards the education and support of this youthful sub- 
ject of political per-^ecution. He wrote to his friend, 
Hon, GeoriiC Cabot, stating the reasons for declinmgto 
act officially or publicly in the case ; but requesting 
Mr. C. to assure young La Fayette that he might con- 
sider him as a father, a friend and protector. Washington 
expressed a desire in this letter, that he should become 
a member of the university in Cambridge, if qualified 
for admission, where he would be under the inspection 
and tuition of excellent men; for he was aware that 
want of employment would lead to dissipation ; and that 
the season of youth was to be diligently improved for 
the cultivation of the mind. He desired Mr. C. to call 
on him to meet any expenses which might accrue in 
his education and support. The French tur<ir, who at- 
tended young La Fayette, chose to have him under his 
own private instruction; and he did not enter the uni- 
versity. The kmdness and generosity of Washington 
were not the less meritorious in the appeal made to him 
by the son of his own, and of his country's friend. 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETrE. 121 

Among the many eminent characters by whom Gen- 
eral La Fayette was visited in his retirement at La 
Grange, after his return to France, (in 1800) was 
Charles J. Fox, the celebrated British statesman. The 
family of Mr. Fox, for several generations, was ranked 
among the whig party in England, and firm friends of 
the glorious revolution of 1689 ; when the House of 
Stuart was excluded from the throne, and William and 
Mary acknowledged as the legitimate sovereigns. Mr. 
Fox was of the same political school with the elder 
Pitt, whose powerful talents were successfully exerted 
for the glory of Great Britain, in tht* latter part of the 
reign of George IL and who was a firm and decided ad- 
vocate for the rights of the British colonies in 1775. 
\^ hen La Fayette and family were confined in the dun- 
geons at ()lmutz,Mr. Fox, with others, then members of 
the British Parliament, pleaded the cause of these un- 
happy sufferers, with great eloquence, but without ef- 
fect. He had been personally acquainted with the cel- 
ebrated French philanthropist, before thi«5 period; and 
was attached to his character and principles, as a zeal- 
ous friend of civil Uberty. The interview between 
these two highly distinguished reformers is represented 
to have been peculiarly interesting. Perhaps, the plans 
^f reform proposed by Mr. Fox, could not have been 
carried into effect, at that time, without danger to the 
stability of the British government; but the geaeral 
character of Fox, gave evidence of the sincerity of big 
upright purposes; and of the purity of the motives, by 
which La Fayette was actuated, in the course he pur- 
sued in France, in 1789, and subsequently, cannot be 
justly doubted, thaagh the revolution did not result in 
the political benefits he had anticipated. 
L 



122 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

When Mr Fox was in Paris, some time in 1 802, La 
Favette hastened from his retired residence, at La 
Grange, to call on him. The writer, who gives an ac- 
count of this meeting, observes, " that a stranger of an 
interesting andgracetul figure, came gently in," where 
he and Mr. Fox were sitting, at the hotel in Paris, ''ad- 
vanced rapidly ; and, embracing Mr. Fox, shewed a 
countenance full of joy, while tears rolled down his 
cheeks ; Mr. Fox testified equal emotion. It was M. 
de La Fayette, the virtuous and unshaken friend of liber- 
ty. He hud come from the country to see Mr. Fox, and 
to invite him to his house. In a few moments their 
sentiments were interchanged. The review of the 
past was taken in a moment ; and they soon appeared 
to be affectionate friends, who having parted for a few 
days, were now reunited. La Fayette viewed the new 
state of things w.th regret; not from any personal dis- 
like of the first consul, but from a rooted and principled 
conviction! that arbitrary power is injurious to the hap- 
piness of mankind. 

'' In his retirement, and filled with gloomy prospects 
of the republic, he lived in the most private and sim* 
pie manner. In the bosom of an amiable and affection- 
ate family, he found every consolation. He frequented 
no place oi amusement ; and, with a very limited for- 
tune, exhibited the bright example of a public man, 
content with a little, free from all envious and angry 
feelmofs ; ..nd willing to live in dignified silence, when 
he had not the power or influence to do good." 

The Visit of Mr. Fox and his friend to La Grange, is 
thus desci 'bed — " The towers and w<;od of the chat' au 
appeared in peaceful repose, as we drove near; and 
when we gained a full view of the buildmg, 1 felt great 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 128 

emotion ; it was the residence of a great and good man 
— a patriot and friend of mankind, whose life had been 
consecrated to virtue and liberty; the family came to 
the hall to meet us. happy in themselves, and rejoicing 
to see the illustrious friend of La Fayette ! I cannot 
forget that moment — no silly affectation, no airs of idle 
ceremony were seen at the residence of him, who had 
gloriously struggled for America, and had done all he 
could for France. 

"• M. de La Fayette and Madame received Mr, and 
Mrs. Fox with the hear'iest welcome. The family con- 
sisted of two daughters, and a son and his wife, all 
young and elegant; all living with M. de La Fayette, 
as a brother and friend. His graceful and manly form, 
his benevolent countenance, his frank and warm man- 
ners, which made him almost adored by his family, and 
a placid contentedness, nearly allied to cheerfulness ; 
altogether had an irresistable effect, in gaining the affec- 
tions and esteem of those admitted to his more intimate 
society. 

" Madame de La Fayette, of the noble family of No- 
ailes, was a superior and admirable woman, possessing 
the high polish of the ancient nobility, eloquent and 
animated. Fondly attached to M. de La Fayette and 
her family, she regretted nothing of past splendor ; she 
possessed an affectionate husband, and was happy in re- 
tirement. The son Was a pleasing young man, and his 
wife engaging and interesting; the daughters were 
charming women, entirely free from the insipid languor 
or wretched affectation, which in young ladies of fash- 
ion so much destroys originality of character, and makes 
us find, in one of the fashionables, the prototype and 
pattern of thousands. In a word, this amiable and 
happy family seemed united by one bond of affettion, 



124 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

and to desire nothing beyond the circle of their own 
tranquil mansion. 

'• The chateau and estate of La Grange, which Ma- 
dame, who was an heiress, had brought with her, was 
all that remained of his fortune. He had lost every 
thing besides in the madness of revolutionary confisca- 
tion ; and had not yet been able to procure restitution 
or compensation. To add to the interest of the scene, 
General Fitzpatrick who had known La Fayette in 
America, and had vainly attempted, in the British 
house of Commons, to rouse the ministry to a sense of 
humanity and justice for him, joined the party at La 
Grange, at this time. 1 hat accomplished man was an 
addition to our society, and was received most affec- 
tionately by the family of La Fayette. I have often 
contemplated with great pleasure, Mr. Fox, General 
Fitzpatrick and M. de La Fayette walking in the long 
shady grove near the chateau, speaking of past times, 
the war in America, and the revolution in France. 
The rare sight of three such characters was grateful 
to any one who felt friendly to the cause of civil liberty, 
and valued men for their services to humanity, rather 
than for successful ambition. 

"La Fayette spoke a good deal of America; and 
we learnt from him something of his various and use- 
ful services for that country, at the court of Louis, as 
well as of his personal efforts, during the struggle for 
independence. His political career in France had not 
the same happy result, as in Ameica; biit it should be 
considered, that his situation in the former was arduous 
beyond measure. A friend to limited monarchy, and 
to the legitimate rights of the people, at a time when 
the support of one was deemed hostility to the oth- 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 125 

er, he found it impossible, consistent with his prin- 
ciples, to follow the mania of the nation. A king of in- 
tegrity and firmness, with La Fayette as his counsellor, 
miiiht have been safe, even in the tumultuous times pre- 
ceding the seizure of civil power by sanguinary dema- 
gogues. But Louis, it is feared, wanted both these qual- 
ities; certainly the latter. La Fayette failed, there- 
fore, in his patriotic views; not as Bonaparte is said to 
have insinuated, because bedimed at what was imprac- 
ticable ; but because those whose interest it was to 
second his views, did not support him. A ruined 
throne and dessolate country subsequently attested the 
purity of his principles, and the soundness of his judg- 
ment." 

General La Fayette is of the Catholic religion, which 
has been long established, and is still generally pro- 
fessed, in France. But he discovers nothing of that 
exclusive and intolerant spirit which has distinguished 
the church of Rome, more especially in ages past. He 
took an active part in favor of the proposition, in 1789, 
for securing the rights of conscience and the privileges 
of worship to the protestants of France, according to 
their own particular belief. It was not to be supposed 
that one of his enlight«ined views, and knowledge o * 
human nature, would be a bigot in religion ; or would 
attach undue importance to the external torms and the 
mere ceremonies of worship. He is not, however, to be 
classed with many learned men in Roman Catholic 
countries, in modern times, who merely profes- the pa- 
pal system because it is the religion oi' the state, while 
they are real itifjdels, or skeptical as to the esseatial 
doctrines of Christianity. It is not improbable that his 
intercourse with liberal and candid yet piousmen in 
L 2 



126 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

America, in his early years, served to produce in his 
mind charitable sentiments toward those who were ed- 
ucated in a system differing somewhat from that which 
he had been tau^^ht to revere, in its ceremonies and 
even in some of its dogmas. He was several years in- 
timately acquainted with Washington, Lmcoln and other 
military characters, who were men of sincere, though 
of unostentatious piety ; as well as with many of the 
clergy of our country, whom he could not but esteem 
and respect ; and the natural effect of such intercourse 
would be a liberality of opinion on religious subjects. 
It is, indeed, a consideration, creditable, in some meas- 
ure, to those who admit it, and tending also to prove 
that Christianity is calculated and designed to be an 
universal religion, that intelligent men of different coun- 
tries and sects unite in receiving all the essential and 
practical doctrines of revelation. In a word, '^ that 
God is no respecter of persons; but that in every na- 
tion he who feareth him and worketh righteousness is ac- 
cepted of him." 

Having followed La Fayette through many years of 
an active and eventtul life, and havmg witnessed his 
course in various Ci itical and responsible situations, we 
may be prepared to form a correct estimate of his tal- 
ents, his wiplom and his virtues, it is far from our 
wishes to pronounce an unqualified or exaggerated 
panegyrick on his character. But for the honor of our 
species and in justice to this eminent philanthropist, it 
is proper that his heroic and generous actions, and his 
firmness and perseverance of purpose in the cause of 
civil liberty and of the rights of mankind, should be duly 
appreciated. And when we reflect upon the ardour 
and constancy of his efforts in favour of American In- 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 127 

elependence ; upon his personal saciiiices and exposure 
to danger in our behalf, in the field, and his solicita- 
tions as our advocate at the court of Louis; upon his 
warm attachment to Washington, and to the other pat- 
riots and heroes of our g-lorious revolution; upon his 
attempts afterwards to improve the government of his 
own country and to place some check upon the des- 
potic power of a selfish, calcuhiting ministry ; upon his 
uniform resolute, and fearless opposition to the wild 
projects of factious men, who obtained ephemeral in- 
fluence in France, but whose conduct was equally hos- 
tile to the rights and welfare of the people as Ihat of 
the agents of an absolute monarch ; upon hk steady and 
firm support of the constitution, formed by the depu- 
ties of the people, and designed to guarantee their Ub- 
erties; upon his desire to support the dignity of the 
monarch, in unison with the rights of the citizens, and 
his wishes to afford security to the person of Louis ; 
and upon his efforts to restore regulated and constitu- 
tional liberty, at the time the present king returned to 
France, and when Napoleon was aiming at unlimited 
power as perpetual dictator, are v/e not obliged to ac- 
knowledge, that few men: very few, indeed, have 
done so much for the social happiness of then- fellows; 
that very few deserve the gratitude and applause, which 
may be justly claimed for this very eminent asserter of 
the riorhts of man. Success is too often mtdethe cri- 
terion of human merit. It is matter of great congratu- 
lation, that our revolutionary struggle was successful ; 
audit is believed, that La Fayette, by his influence in 
France, and his personal exertions here, contributed 
very much to its happy termination. In his own coun- 
try, afterwards, he was not so fortunate in attaining and 



128 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

securing the object at which he aimed. But to the 
accurate and deep observer of character and events, it 
will probably be apparent, that no one, however reso- 
lute, could have established a goveriment in France 
in 1790,. upon the just recognition of the rights of man, 
and the exercise of power, (even limited power) in the 
reigning Prince. That La Fayette was upright and 
disinterested in his purpose, perhaps, no candid impar- 
tial man willdeay ; that any one could have produced a 
more fortunate issue, is at least very doubtful. He 
did not want decision, or energy. He often acted with 
great promptness, and gave proof of readj' mental re- 
sources. He was also brave, and fearless of personal 
danger. Other men might have conducted with more 
energy ; but it would have been at the hazard of a 
thousand lives and in violation of constitutional prin- 
ciples. 5 hat La Fayette was not more efficient, 
or more despotic, when he commanded the national 
guards, and the populace of Paris went to Versailles 
and insulted the royal family ; or when the jacobin fac- 
tion, in June 1792, were ready to denounce him and to 
prostrate the constitution, did not argue want of energy, 
but the influence of principle and a salutary love of order. 
When it is recollected what important and disin- 
terested services the Marquis de La Fayette had per- 
formed for America, in the most critical periods of our 
revolutionary war, and how active and ufiiform he had 
been, through all the changes and excesses in his own 
country for upwards of thirty years, itcannotbe thought 
unreasonable, that the citizens of the United States 
held his character in high estimation, and were desir- 
ous of greeting him once more, on their own territory, 
which he had assiste I ty his zeal and valour to defend. 



MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. 12^ 

111 his letters to his friends here, md in the interviews, 
which he had with American gentleman at his own 
hospitable mansion, he frequently expressed a wish and 
an intention of ag"ain visiting this fivored land of liberty. 
He cherished precious recollections of the times, long 
since past, when he joined with many brave nnd hon- 
orable spirits in the sacred cause of freedom. To the 
patriots and heroes who achieved our independence, he 
had a most sincere and cordial attachment; and his 
mihtary associates who survived, and their children, 
who had often heard of his heroic and generous deeds, 
were eager on their part to welcome him to their 
country and their affections ; and to show to him and to 
the world, that they entertained a high sense of his sac- 
rifices and efforts in securing to them the privileges 
and blessings they so richly enjo}'. 

The feelings of General La Fayette will appear by 
the letters he wrote to his friends in this country, 
when he was expecting to make his long-intended visit. 
The following is an extract from one addressed to an 
eld revolutionary friend, who had previously written to 
La Fayette. " I am deeply affected by your kindly 
rememhrance. No one among the survivors, who 
shared in our glorious cause and military fraternity, can 
he attached more than I am, to the memory of our de- 
parted brethren, and to the ties which bind together 
the surviving American companions in arms. Since 
our youthful revolutionary times, many vicissitudes 
have passed over our heads. Bat in every situation, 
I have enjoyed, with great delight, the recollection 
of our struggle so glorious and so pure ; of our 
Columbian country, so excellent and promising; of our 
brotherly army, so gallant, so virtuous and so united. 



136 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

How happy for us to see the present prosperous result 
of the contest, which our toils and our blood have shar- 
ed the honor to support," 

In January 1824, when it was known, that General 
La Fayette proposed to take passage for the United 
States, the Representatives of the nation, in Congress 
assembled, requested the President *' to offet him a 
a public ship for his accommodation ; [he declined this 
offer, and chose to embark in a private vessel;] and to 
assure him, in the name of the people of this great 
Republic, that they cherished for him a grateful and 
affectionate attachment." 

The Legislature of V^assachusettsalso -tt its session in 
June last, adopted a resolve, *• requesting the Govern- 
or to make such arrtnge meats, as would secure to 
this distinguished friend of our country, an honorable 
reception, on the pnrt of this State, and authorising him 
to draw any sum from the public treasury to meet the 
expences arising thercr.ipon." 

The Society of Cincinnati of Massachusetts, at their 
anniversary meeting on ihe fourtii of July, it being 
then expected thrst General La Fayette would soon visit 
the United States, unanr.nouslypassed the following vote. 
" It beipg reported, that General La Fiyettt-, an original 
member of the Society of Cincinnati, intends visiting the 
United Statc^iin the course of the present year, voted, 
that a Committee be appointed to consider what meas- 
ures it w^ill be proper for this Society to adopt on the 
arrival of this our distinguished brother ; whose meri- 
torious and disinterested services to our country, in 
the war of the revolution, cannot be too highly appre- 
ciated, and whose whole life has been devoted to the 
vindication of the rights of man." A committee was 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 13t 

then appointed for the purpose, of which Hon. John 
Brooks (late Governor) was the chairman. 

Letters were written to General La Fayette, before 
he left France by several distinguished individuals, and 
by the Mayor of New- York and of Boston, in the name 
and behalf of those corporations, expressing: a strong 
desiie, that he would visit America, as it was reported 
he intended, and informing him of the universal and 
sincere disposition of the citizens, to present him a 
tribute of esteem and gratitude. 

In a letter dated at Paris, May 26, in reply to the in- 
vitation of the citizens of Boston, communicated to him 
by the Mayor, in their name, under date of March 20th, 
1824, he observed, ''that amidst the new and high 
marks of benevolence which the people of the United 
States and their Representatives had lately deigned to 
confer upon him, he was proud and happy to recognize 
those particular sentiments of the citizens of Boston, 
which had blessed and delighted the first years of his 
public career, the grateful sense of which had ever been 
to him a most valued reward and support." "• 1 joyful- 
ly anticipate the day,*" he added, " not very remote, 
thank God, when I may revisit the cradle of American, 
and in future, 1 hope, oi univfrsal liberty. Your so hon- 
orable and gratifying inviiation would have been di- 
rectly complied with, in the case to which you are 
pleased to allude.* But while I profoundly feel the 
honoi' intended by the offpr of a notional ship, I hope I 
shall incur no blame, by the determination Ihave taken, 
to embark as soon as it is in my power, on board a pri- 
vate vessel. Whatever port 1 first attain, I shall with 

♦ Thi? wa"- the p irtimlar requesf that he woulH 1; ud af Boston, 
if hr (h(i n >t come in a jjublic sLip, aud feel obliged to arrive at 
Washington. 



'ii^2 MK.MOIRS OF LAFAYETTE. 

the same ep^^erness hasten to Boston, and present its 
beloved and revered inhabitants, as I have now the ho- 
nor to offer it to the City Onincil and to yourself, the ho- 
mage of my affeGtionate g-ratitnde and devoted respect." 
When this letter of La F>iyette was communicated to 
tha Common Council of the city, a laro-e and respectable 
committee was chosen " to make suitable arrangemf.nts 
for his reception, should he first arrive at the port of 
Boston; an.l that on his visitin:^ this city, should he dis- 
embark at som<^ other phice in the United States, the 
committee provide for his accommodation, during- his 
residence here; and to adopt all ^'iich rrr^a-ures as they 
might deora proper, to extend to hhn *he hosjjitality of 
the city, and to exhibit the fee!]n<^s of oratitude, which 
tlie whole body of citizens entprtrdn for the «'plendid 
services, ardent patriotism and private worth of the il- 
lustrious v' si tor.'' 

Hon. Mr. Lloyd, Senator from this State in the Con- 
gress of the United .3t;ites, and particul-irly attached to La 
Fayette from fmiily alliances, on hearing of his intend- 
ed visit to America, also addressed a friendly note to 
him, ut an early day, requ?sting the honor of receiving* 
bim at his hospitable mansion. But the city authorities 
were desirous, that General La Fayette, who might be 
justly considered the guest o{' the people and of the na- 
tion, should be accommodated by the city in a more 
public manner : and Mr. Lloyd, with his usual courtesy 
and regard to public opinion, resigned his particular 
claims, although he was among the iirst and most emi- 
nent of the citizens of Boston, to show peculiar and dis- 
tinguished attention to the favorite of the American 
people. 

In his answer to the letter of Mr. Lloyd, he says, "in 
whatever part of the United States I shall find myself, 



MEMtlRS OP LA PAYETTE. 133 

•n reaching the beloved shore of America, I shall lose 
no time ia my eagerness to revisit the city of Boston, 
and answer the flattering invitation I have received. 
You do justice to the delight I shall feel, at the sight of 
the felicity and prosperity, which is the reward of a 
virtuous revolution, founded on the principles of true 
liberty and self-government." 



mm ot (SitmViil l^u iFai>rtte 

TO THE 

United States — in 18^4. 

His arrival was anticipated with great interest and 
impatience! Preparations were in contemplation, par- 
ticularly in New York and Bo:>ton, several weeks be- 
fore he arrived, to receive him with such public marks 
of veneration and joy, as were justly due to one so dis- 
tinguished by an ardent love of liberty, and by merito- 
rious exertions for the welfare of our country. 

General La Fayette arrived in the harbour of New 
York on the morning of the 15th of August, accompa- 
nied by his son, George VV. La Fayette, aad his friend, 
M. Le Vasseur. A steam boat was in waiting, at the en- 
trance of the harbour, and they were immediately con- 
-ducted to Staten Island, the residence of the Hon. Mr. 
Tompkins, Vice President of the United States, where 
he passed the remainder of the da}^, being Sunday. This 
is but a short distance from the city of New Yor Is : here 
many public characters and other diitinguished citizens 
repaired, on the day of his arrival, to oifer him their 
M 



!34 MEMeiRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

respectful salutations. The next day he entered thk 
populous city ; and his reception was most splendid and 
cordial. Perhaps no hero of ancient or modern times, 
if we except the respectful and universal attention paid 
to Washington, when he made the tour of the United 
States in 1789, was ever greeted with such a sincere 
and enthusiastic welcome. 

'* At an early hour, the whole city was in motion ; 
almost every man, woman and child was preparing to 
witness the landing of their much respected guest. The 
shops and stores were closed, and all business was sus- 
pended for the day. The ringing of bells, the roar of 
cannon, and the display of the national flag, at all pub- 
lic places and on board the shipping, proclaimed that it 
was a day of joy, in which all were anxious to partake. 
Before 12 o'clock, the battery, the adjoining wharves 
and every place commanding a view of the passage from 
Staten Island, were crowded to excess. It was suppos- 
ed there were nearly 50,000 persons upon the battery, 
including the troops. This elegant promenade, since 
its enlargenjent, is said to be capable of holding nearly 
the whole population of the city, (130,000) but a large 
portion of the front was occupied by the brigade of ar- 
tillery and other troops. The castle garden, almost 
contiguous to the battery, audits gallery, were also 
crowded by the citizens. 

"Between 10 and 11 o'clock, a large steam ship, 
manned with about 200 United States seamen, and dec- 
orated with the flags of every nation, sailed for Staten 
Island. She was followed by six large steam boats, all 
crowded with passengers, decorated with flags, and en- 
livened hy bands of music. In one of the.ee, which ex- 
hibited only flag's of the United States and of the State 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE 135 

of New York, proceeded the committee of arrange- 
ments of the city, the officers of the United States army 
and navy, the general officers of the militia, the com- 
mittee of the Society of Cincinnati, &;c. On hoard this 
steam boat, General La Fayette embarked at Staten Isl- 
and, for the cit}'^, at about one o'clock. This was an- 
nounced by a salute from the largest steam ship, man- 
ned by the national troops, and from fort La Faj^ette. 
The procession then moved for the city, and presented 
to its inhabitants a most beautiful and magniticent scene. 
About two o'clock the General landed at the battery, 
where he was received by a salute from the troops, and 
the hcart}^ and reiterated cheers of the immenoc throng 
which had assembled to welcome him to our shores. 

" It is impossible fully to describe the enthusiasm of 
joy which pervaded and was expressed by the whole 
multitude. Here the General had a fair specimen of 
the affection and respect, which is felt for him by eve- 
ry i'ulividual of this extended country. He seemed 
much moved by these expressions of attachment, and 
bovv^ed continually to the people who pressed about him- 
After resting a few moments at the castle garden, he 
proCs^eded in an elegant barouche drawn by four hor- 
ses, escorted by the dragoons and troops, through Broad- 
way to the City Hall. The windows, balconies, and 
even the roofs of the houses were filled with ladies, all 
welcoming the General as he passed, by their smiles 
and waving of handkerchiefs. 

'• At about 4 o'clock, the procession arrived at the 
City Hall, where General La Fayette was received by 
the Mayor and Common Council, and formally welcomed 
and congratulated on his safe arrival in the country. 
After receiving the marching salute of the troops in 



io^ MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

front of the City Hall, he was conducted to the City Ho-^ 
teJ, where he dined with the members of the corpora- 
tion. In the evening, the front of the City Hotel, and 
many other adjoining buildings, were handsomely illu- 
minated. The theatres and public gardens displayed 
transparencies, fire-works and rockets in honor of the 
occasion. " — The committee of the Cincinnati waited on 
General La Fayette, at Staten Island ; and were receiv- 
ed by him with peculiar marks of alTection and friend- 
ship. The committee consisted of several field ofticers 
of the revolutionary army, some of whom were upwards 
of eighty years of age. 

The following is the addres's of the Mayor of New 
York, to General La Fayette, when he arrived at the 
city Hall : 

'■'■' In the name of the municipal authority of the city, 
I bid you a sincere welcome to the shores of a country, 
o[ whcse freedom and happiness you will ever be con- 
sidered one of the most honored and beloved founders. 
Your cotcmporaries in arms, of whom indeed but few 
remain, have not forgot, and their posterity will never 
.forget the young and gallant Frmc//7nan, who consecrat- 
ed bis youth, his talents, his fortune and his exertions 
to their cause; who exposed his life, who shed his 
blood, that they might be free and haj)py. They will 
recollect with profound emotions, so long as they re- 
znain worthy of the liberties they enjoy, and of the ex- 
ertions you made to obtain them, that you came to them 
in the darkest period of their struggle ; that you linked 
your fortune with theirs, when it seemed almost hope- 
less; that you shared in the dangers, privations and suf- 
ferings of that bitter struggle; nor quitted them for a 
a-joment till it v»as consummated on the glorious field of 



])IEM0irv3 OF LA FAYETTE, i37 

Yorktown. Half a cenlury has elapsed since that great 
event, and in that time your name has become as dear 
to the friends, as it is inseparably connected with the 
cause of freedom, both in the old and in the new world. 
" The people of the United States look up to you as to 
one of their most honored parents— the country cher- 
ishes you as one of the most beloved of her sons. I 
hope and trust, Sir, that not only the present, but the 
future conduct of my countrymen, to the latest period 
of time, will, among other slanders, refute the unjust 
imputation, that republics are always ungrateful to their 
benefactors. 

" In behalf of my fellow citizens of New York, and 
speaking the warm and universal sentiments of the 
whole people of the United States, I repeat their wel- 
come to our common country." 

To this address, General La Fayette replied as fol- 
lows : — 
" Sir, 
'^ While I am so affectionately received by the cit- 
izens of New York and their worthy representatives, I 
feel myself overwhelmed with inexpressible emotions. 
The sight of the American shore, after so long an ab- 
sence; ihe recollection of the many respected friends 
and dear companions, no more to be found on this land ; 
the pleasure to recognize those who survive ; the im- 
mense concourse of a free republican population, who 
so kindly welcome me ; the admirable appearance of 
the troops; the presence of a corps of the national na- 
vy ; have excited sentiments, to which no language is 
adequate. You have been pleased, Sir, to allude to the 
happiest times, the unalloyed enjoyment of my public- 
Mfe. It is the pride of my heart to have been one of 



M 



338 MEMOIRS OF LAFAYETTE. 

the earliest adopted sons of America. I am proud, also, 
to add, that upwards of forty years ago I was honored 
with the freedom of this city. I beg you. Sir; I beg 
you, gentlemen, to accept yourselves, and to transmit 
to the citizens of New York, the homage of my pro- 
found and everlasting gratitude, devotion and respect.'* 

On the two following days after his arrival in New 
York, General La Fayette received the gratulations of 
a great number of the citizens ; and on the latter, was 
addressed by committees of the society of Cincinnati, 
and of the Historical Society ; and also visited the navy 
yard of the United States. On board of the ship Wash- 
ington, of 74 guns, his reception was very splendid, 
and a sumptuous repast was provided. On Thursday, 
deputations from the Frenchmen resident in the city, 
and from the gentlemen of the Bar, waited on him, and 
presented congratulatory addresses. 

In his answer to the committee of tlie Historical So-, 
ciety, he observed, — " The United States are the tirst 
nation on the records of history, who have founded 
their constitution upon an honest investigation and clear 
definition of their natural and social rights. Nor can 
we doubt, butHli-at, notwithstanding the combinations 
made elsewhere by despotism against the sacred rights 
of mankind, immense majorities in other countries will 
not in vain observe the happiness and prosperity of a 
free, virtuous and enlightened people." '■ 

To the gentlemen of the Bar, he replied—" Testi- 
monies of esteem from so respectable a body as the 
Bar of New York, are highly flattering. I most deep- 
ly sympathize, gentlemen, in your regret, for the friend 
(Hamilton) whose prodigious talents made him as emi- 
nent in your profession, as he had been in our military, 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. ' 13^ 

when he deserved Washington's most intimate confi- 
dence. The truly republican form of the American 
constitutions, cannot but endear them to every citizen of 
the United States. Yet, to any one, who with an Amer- 
ican heart, has had opportunities of a comparison with 
other countries, the blessings of these institutions must 
appear still more conspicuous." 

The address of the French gentlemen in New York, 
was very affectionate anu respectful, referring, in high- 
ly complimentary style, to the services of La Fayette 
both in France and America. His reply is indicative, 
at once, of patriotism, of attachment to the cause of ra- 
tional freedom, and of his regard for the United States, 
the land of his adoption. *■' It is a great happiness for* 
me, on my arrival in this land of liberty, to receive the 
congratulations of my countrymen. At the moment of 
my departure, the testimonials of afiectionate attach- 
ment of many of my fellow citizens, the parting accents 
from the shores of France, left in my heart the most 
grateful emotions, I delight to participate with you 
the feelings which I experienced in this happy Ameri- 
can land, to which 1 am bound by so many ties. We 
also, patriots of 1789, sought to establish the national 
dignity, the security of property and the happiness of 
our beautiful France, upon the sacred foundations of 
liberty and equality. JSTotwithstandrng our misfortunes, 
the cotemporaries of that epoch will inform you, that 
the revolution of 1789, has greatly ameliorated the 
condition of an immense majority of the people. Do 
not let us despair of the cause of liberty : It is still dear 
to the hearts of Frenchmen ,• and we shall one day have 
the felicity of seeing it established in our beloved 
country." 



HO MEMOIRS OF LA FAYEtTE 

During the four days he remained in Nev»' York, all 
gentlemen and ladies of the most respectable families 
were individually introduced to him ; and he manifested 
great pleasure at the cordial welcome, with which he 
was universally greeted. Splendid evening parties were 
given in honor of the '' nation's guest," at which he met 
many individuals whom he had known more than foity 
years belore. His interviews with ^' the war-worn ve- 
terans," with whom he had been associated in times of 
danger, for the liberties of the country, were peculiar- 
ly interesting and affecting. He embraced them ; but 
his feelings were so povi'erful, that he could not give 
utterance to his sentiments for many minutes. 

After his arrival at New York, he early announced 
his intention to visit Boston, where he had been partic- 
ularly invited by distinguished individuals, and by the 
city authorities ; especially as the commencement at 
the University in Cambridge, the literary jubilee of the 
State, was to be celebrated in a few days. While in 
New York, he received invitations by committees or 
letters from Philadelphia, Albany, New Haven and 
some other cities, to make a visit to those places re- 
spectively ; but his desire was first to visit Boston, if 
possible. Accordingly, he left New York, where his 
reception had been so very gratifying to his feelings, 
and where the citizens were still eager to show him 
honorable civilities, on Friday morning, for Boston, 
through New Haven, New London and Providence. 
He was attended by a committee of the Common Coun- 
cil, the Major General of militia and his suite, the Gen- 
eral and field officers of the artillery and infantry, and 
by strangers and citizens of distinction on horseback, 
and escorted by the Huzzars of the 2d and Hth regi- 



IVlEMOmS OF LA FAyETTE. 14 I 

ments, to Harlem, whera he was saluted by the 3d re- 
giment of infantry. On leaving this place, he was sa- 
luted by the La Fayette <2,uards of the 2d re^^iment. 
llie principal part of the troops then returned ; and 
the first regiment of horse artillery continued the es- 
cort to the line of Connecticut. A salule was fired at 
a place called Putnam's hill, on account of the memo- 
rable feat performed there by General Israel Putnam, 
in the revolutionary war. The suite of La Fayette 
consisted of his son and M. Le Va-seur, who accompa- 
nied him in Lis voyage from France, and four of the 
Aldermen of New York. The city corp(»ration had pro- 
vided an elegant carriage to accommodate hiin in his 
journey to Boston, and deputed four of their number to 
attend him in his route. He travelled with great ra- 
pidity, passing the distance of thirty miles in three 
hours. He appeared perfectly capable of enduring fa- 
tigue, and discovered the activity and sprightliness of 
vigorous manhood. 

They reached New Haven about midnight, on his 
approach to which he was met by the governors guard, 
and escorted into that city. Most of the buildings on 
the principal streets were illuminated, and a national 
salute was fired. " The night was almost turned into 
day, and the scene was very brilliant and impressive." 
He was detained at all the villages on the road from 
New York to New Haven, through the eagerness of 
the citizens, to see and be introduced to this distinguish- 
ed hero of the revolution. The public road was throng- 
ed with multitudes of both sexes and youth, who greet- 
ed him with reiterated acclamations, and continued 
" welcome, welcome." They prepared sincere, though 
simple offerings of respect to the man, " who fought 



14'2' fllEMOIRS OF LA FA YET! E. 

not for honor or for pay ;" but in imitation of his polit- 
ical, American parent, was devoted, life and property, 
to the cause of our country's freedom. After a public 
breakfast, a visit to the college, and calls upon Mrs. 
Trumbull, the widow of the late governor of the state, 
Hon. Mr. Daggett, senator in Congress, and some other 
eminent characters, he left New Haven, for New Lon- 
don, Saturday morning, attended by the city authorities 
and escorted by a company of cavalry, a part of the 
distance, until met by another troop of horse, by which 
General La Fayette and suite were then attended to 
Saybrook, on Connecticut river, about forty miles from 
New Haven. Part of the Sabbath was passed in New 
London ; and at this place, he attended public worship. 
He expressed a desire to avoid travelling on that day, 
as much as possible. At New London, and at most 
other places on his journey, he met some of his old 
revolutionary companions, who were delighted to see 
again in their own free atid happy country, a man who 
had devoted his earliest days and zealous efforts to se- 
cure its independence. 

He reached Providence on Monday, the 23d, at 12 
o'clock, having been met at an early hour, on the boun- 
dary line between Conneciicut and Rhode Island, by 
the aids of the Governor of the last named state. When 
he arrived at the limits of the town of Providence, an 
immense crowd of citizens were assembled to bid him 
welcome, and to offer him their hearty gratulations. 
The houses and streets in the western part of the town, 
where he entered, were filled with citizens, who greet- 
ed him as he passed with reiterated cheers. " When 
he arrived in front of the State House, he alighted, and 
was received in a very interesting manner. The av- 



MEMOIRS OF LA LAYETTE. 14S 

eniie leading to the building was lined with female 
youth, dressed in white, holding in their hands branches 
of flowers, which they strewed in his path, at the same 
time waving their white handkerchiefs. La Fayette 
appeared much gratified and affected by this simple, but 
touching arrangement. In the senate chamber, he was 
introduced to the Governor and many other distinguish- 
ed characters ; among whom were several late officers 
of the revolutionary army. These he embraced with 
much affection ; and his emotions were so great, he was 
unable to address them. He recognized Captain Olney, 
the moment he saw him, among a crowd of citizens. 
This gentleman commanded a company under General 
La Fayette, at the seige of Yorktown, and was the first 
to force the redoubts thrown up by the British troops, 
and carried by our light infantry, in a most brilliant 
manner, when led on to the assault by their comman- 
der in person. At this interview, so affecting and in- 
teresting, a thrill ran throu;'hthe whole assembly, and 
not a dry eye was to be found among the throng of 
spectators; while the shouts of the multitude, at first 
suppressed, and then uttered in a manner tempered by 
the scene, evinced the deep feeling and proud associa- 
tions it had excited." Another respectable veteran, 
of €ighty-five years of age, was found am<mg the mul- 
titudes assembled to render their affectionate homage 
to La Fayette. He was a volunteer in the expedition 
on Rhode Island, in the autumn of 1778, and assisted in 
conducting the retreat from that place, under direction 
of ihe Marquis, when the militia were in great danger 
from the superior number of the British forces. The 
aged patriot was overwhelmed with joy, on beholding 
once more, his beloved general. 



144 MEMOIf.S OF LA FAYF^TTE, 

On Recount of a previous engagement to be in Bos- 
ton, Monday night, or early on Tuesday morning, Gen- 
eral La Fayette was obliged, though reluctantly, to 
leave Providence the afternoon of the day he arrived 
there. As he left the town he walked some distance, 
in order to view the troops, which were dr^wn' up in 
the public street leading towards Bost-m ; and then en- 
tered his carriage, accompanied by the Governor and 
several other public characters ; and amidst the cheers 
of the people proceeded on his journey. He was als^ 
attended by the society of Cmcmnati of the State of 
Rhode Island, as far as Pautucket river, the southern 
bounds of Massachusetts. When some one expressed 
an apprehension, that he might he fatigued by his rap- 
id travelling and the various scenes through which he 
passed in the C(»urse of the day, he quickly replied, 
that he experienced too great pleasure, to be sensible 
of any fatigue. 

At Pautucket, he was met by the aids of Governor 
Eustis, the Chief Magistrate of the State of Massachu- 
setts, who had been dispatched, the day before, to re- 
ceive him at the line of the Commonwealth, and to es- 
cort him on his way to the capital. Although it was 
now evening, at several places on the road, large bo- 
dies of the militia were collected to salu»e him; and 
assemblies of ladies and gentlemen were occasionally 
met, who offered this illustrious stranger, but respected 
friend of their country, thi ir ti ibute i^f applause and 
affection. He was too sensible of their sincerity and 
warmth of their telicitations, uot to delay his journey 
at several villages, and to reciprocate their kind and 
cordial salutations. It was nearly midnight when he 
Teached the town of Dedham, about ten miles from 



MEMOIRS OP LA fAYETTE. 145 

Roston. Most of the houses in this pleasant village 
were handsomely illuminated ; and a great number of 
the inhabitants of both sexes were assembled to greet 
him. During the short pause he was able to make 
here, he was introduced to many of the principal citi- 
zens of the town and vicinity, who had been anticipating 
his arrival ior some hours. When he passed through 
Roxbury, at about 1 o'clock, he was accompanied by a 
large cavalcade of citizens of that place and from Bos- 
ton ; and a salute was fired by the Roxbury corps of 
artillery. His arrival here was also announced by the 
ascent of rockets from an eminence in the centre of 
the town ; and the note of preparation was thus given 
for the parade and pleasure of the succeeding day, 
which had been anticipated with uncommon interest 
and delight. La P'ayette and suite proceeded to the 
mansion of his Excellency the Governor, to which 
they had been invited ; and the meeting between them 
was truly affectionate and cordial. 

On Tuesday the 24th the inhabitants of Boston hail- 
ed the morning light with peculiar emotions, and were 
abroad at an early hour, preparing tor the general tes- 
timonies of gratitude and respect to be presented to the 
^' nation's guest." Many of the older citizens recollected 
him in his youthful days; when he visited the town, 
forty-six years ago, at the request of Congress and 
Washington, to prevail on the French adimral to co- 
operate with his fleet in some contemplated attack u^^on 
the British forces. They had not ibi gotten his zeal 
and ardor in the cause of America, f hey knew his 
great attachment to and respect for the i.nm.it d cliief 
of the American army, and the confidence, which Wash- 
ington cherished for La Fayette. Here too were many 
N 



146 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

revolutionary officers and soldiers, who had often wit- 
nessed his unwearied activity and personal courage in 
seasons of difficulty and danger. The Society of Cin- 
cinnati in this State contained many of his persoi.al 
friends, who shared with him in the toils and honors of 
the war ot independence ; they had assembled, also, to 
offer the hand of friendship and affection to their dis- 
tinguished brother in arms; and to tell him of the hap- 
piness which he had been instrumental, with others, 
in securing to ten milUons of freemen. The curiosity 
of the young was awakened to hear of the generous 
deeds and meritorious services of this celebrated visiter 
from the old world. Ihey were eager to learn his 
worth and his virtues. For they knew their grave and 
sober sires would not be so greatly moved by the ap- 
proach of any ordinary character, whatever might be 
his title or his fame. The sensibility of the female 
breast was excited to a lively glow, in reflecting upon 
the character of this eminent foreigner, who had not 
only given proofs of great devotion to the cause of 
America, and to the interests of civil liberty, but whose 
moral and social virtues claimed for him the respect 
and admiration of all those who loved innocence or 
commiserated distress. And all classes, without intend- 
ing to lessen the pre-eminent services and virtues of 
Washington, who, under providef»ce was the great and 
chief agent in achieving our independence, and in pre- 
serving it, after it had been once established — or to 
undervalue the important efforts and courage of many 
other revered heroes and patriots, too numerous to be 
here named. All, all, were eager to join in the spon- 
taneous offering of gratitude and affoction to one so 
justly celebrated and so greaily beloved. 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. I AT 

He entered the citv, the capital of the state, about 
II o'clock; "and his reception was a triumph and a 
jubilee. The day was as bright as his lauiels, and as 
mild as his virtues. The various bodies designated to 
compose the procession, and perform the honors of the 
day, assembled at an early hour, and at the time ap- 
pointed.*' The cavalcade was formed in Common - 
street, at 9 o'clock. it was very numerous, and con- 
sisted of the citizens of Boston, of all ranks and classes, 
on horseback. Proceeding to the extreme southerly 
part of the city, near the line of Iloxhury, they were 
joined by the Mayor and Aldermen, and members of the 
Common Council, the Society of Cincinnati, a great 
nnmber of public civil characters and strangers of dis- 
tinction, all in carriages; by the general and field of- 
ficers of the first division of militia, and officers of the 
army and navy of the United States. An innumerable 
concourse of people on foot lined the side walks of the 
spacious street, where the procession was to be formed, 
the entrance to the city from Roxbury, and fortunately 
named VVashington-strket. The cavalcade then pro- 
ceeded to the mansion of Governor Eustis, which is 
a short distance, within the town of Roxbury, and 
escorted General La Fayette and suite to the line, where 
the city authorities and others, who were to compose 
the procession, were in waiting to receive him. Here 
he was greeted by the immense assemblage of citizens, 
with repeated and enthusiastic acclamations, for sev- 
eral minutes, when the mayor welcomed him with much 
feeling, in the following speech. 

" Sir — The Citizens of Boston welcome you on your 
return to the United States ; mindful ofyour early zeal 
in the cause of American Independence, grateful for 



148 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

your distinguished share in the perils and glories of iti 
achievement. — When urged by a generous sympathy, 
you first landed on these shores^ you found a people 
engaged in an arduous and eventful struggle for liberty 
with apparently inadequate means, and amidst dubious 
omens. After a lapse of nearly half a century, yau 
find the same people prosperous beyond all hope and 
all precedent ; their liberty secure ; sitting in its 
strength ; without fear and without reproach. 

" In your youth you joined the standard of three mil- 
lions of people, raised in an unequal and uncertain con* 
flict. In your advanced age you return and are met by 
ten millions of people, their descendants, whose hearts 
throng hither to greet your approach and rejoice in it. 

" This is not the movement of a turbulent populace, 
excited by the fresh laurels of some recent conqueror. 
It is a grave, moral, intellectual impulse. 

" A whole people in the enjoyment of freedom as 
•perfect as the condition of our nature permits, recur 
with gratitude, increasing with the daily increasing sense 
»f their blessings, to the memory of those, who, by 
their labors, and in their blood, laid the foundation of 
©ur liberties. 

" Your name, sir, — the name of La Fayette, is asso- 
ciated with the most perilous, and most glorious peri- 
ods of our Revolution; — with the imperishable names 
of Washington, and of that numerous host of heroes 
which adorn the proudest archives of American history, 
and are engraven in indellible traces on the hearts of 
the whole American people. 

" Accept, then, sir, in the sincere spirit in which it 
is offered, this simple tribute to your virtues. 

" Ag^ain, sir, the citizens of Boston bid you welcom.^. 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 149 

to the cradle of American Independence, and to scenes 
consecrated with the blood shed by the earliest martyrs 
in its cause." 

General La Fayette then rose in his carriage, and in 
a most interesting and felicitous manner, replied as 
follorvs: — 

" The emotions of love and gratitude, which I have 
been accustomed to feel on my entering this city, have 
ever mingled with a sense of religious reverence for 
the cradle of^ American., and let me hope it will here- 
after be said, of Universal Liberty. 

" What must be, sir, my feelings, at the blessed mo- 
ment, when, after so long an absence, I find myself a- 
gain surrounded by the good citizens of Boston — where 
I am so affectionatel}^, so honorably welcomed, not on- 
ly by old friends, but by several successive generations; 
where 1 can witness the prosperity, the immense im- 
provements, that have been the just reward of a noble 
struggle, virtuous morals and truly republican institutions, 

" I beg of you, Mr. Mayor, Gentlemen of the City 
Council, and all of you, beloved citizens of Boston, to 
accept the respectful and warm thanks of a heart, which 
has, for nearly half a century, been particularly devot- 
ed to your illustrious city." 

The reply of the General was received with new 
plaudits of the assembled people ; and ^' welc me, wel- 
come La Fayetie ! friend of Washingion ! f it^nd of A- 
merica ! Friend of liberty !" was repeated again and 
again ; and the height* of Dorchester and Roxbury ech- 
oed with the joyful acclamation. 

The procession was then foi-med, and passed through 

Washington, Milk, Broad, State, Court and Common- 

stitets, to Boylston-stieet, adjoining the south part ct 
K 2 



150 MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. 

the Common, in the following order — " Three mar- 
shals, the Boston corps of Light Dragoons, a battalion 
of Light Inlantrj^, composed of the Fusiliers, Boston 
^iight Infantry, Winslow Blues, Washington Light In- 
fantry, J^evv-England Guards. Rangers, and City Guards; 
and a full band of music. Then followed the chief 
marshal, attended by aids ; members of the City Coun- 
cil, Committee of Arangements, the President of the 
Common Council and senior Alderman, all in carriages.. 
Here was placed another marshal, immediately prece- 
ding the elegant barouche, drawn by four beautiful 
white horses, in which rode the distinguished guest of 
the city and of the nation, accompanied by the may- 
or, with marshals also on either side. The son and 
friend of La Fayette, and gentlemen aldermen from 
I^ew York, next followed in carriages ; and these were 
succeeded by the society of the Cincinnati, public char- 
acters. Judges and Legislators, and distinguished stran- 
gers, in carriages also. Immediately after, two mar- 
shals ; field and staff officers of the militia, mounted on 
horseback, and followed also by two marshals. The 
cavalcade of citizens, of all ranks and in great numbers, 
with marshals attenJing, closed the voluntary but tri- 
umphant procession. 

The dwelling houses and stores on the streets through 
which the procession was conducted, were crowded with 
inhabitants in every part. The ladies thus .situated, 
caught the enthusiasm of the occasion, waved their 
white handkerchiefs, and, with smiles and gladness, 
greeted the veteran hero, who appeared affetted and 
dejighted by these demonstrations of a joyful welcome. 
The moment La Fayette arrived at the line of the city, 
the bells struck, and rang merry peals, while the pro- 
.cession was passing through the streets. 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 151 

Excepting the cavalcade, the procession passed 
through the Common from Boylstnn to Park street, on 
the eastern m:irgin. and between too lines of children 
of both sexes, belonging to the several schools in the 
city. Their ages were from about eight to twelve, and 
nearly three thousand in number. Their dress was 
neat and uniform ; the mi-ses in white, and the master* 
in white pantaloons and blue spencer?!. They also wore 
ribbons in their breasts, stamped with a miniature like- 
ness of La Fayt'tte. As the carriage, in which the 
genera! rode, was passing, one of the misses darted 
from the line where she was standing, and bt-gged to 
speak with him. She was hauded into the carriage, 
and by the Mayor presented to La Fayette, who press- 
ed an affectionate kiss on her blooming, yet blushing 
cheek. She had confidence, however, to address him, 
and to place a wreath of flowers, which she held, on his 
head. He made her a short but affectionate reply, and 
placed the wreath on the seat of the carriage. Attach- 
ed to the wreath of flowers was a small piece of paper, 
carefully folded, which contained these lines : said to 
be composed by the mother of the child. 

'* An infant hand presents these blushing flowers, 
Glowing and pure as childhood's artless hours, 
Where roses bloom, and buds of promise smile, 
Repaying with their charms the culturers toil. 

Oh! take them faiukr^ they were culled ybr you! 
(Still bright with warm affection'^s sacred dew — ) 
O let them live in thy benignant smile. 
And o'er thy broxs) of glory bloom awhile [ 
'Twined with the laurel Fame on thee bestowed 
When thy you7ig heart with patriot ardor glovv'd ;. 



152 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

Self exiled from the charmvS of wealth and /ore, 

And, horne^ Rudfriends^ thou didst our champion prove, 

And, by the side of Glorious Washington, 

Didst make our grateful country all thine own I 

Go, fragile offering, speak the ardent joy 

Our bosonis feel, which Time can ne'er destroy !" 

Arches were thrown across several of the principal 
streets, through which La Fayette was conducted, cov- 
ered with evergreens and flowers, and containing ap- 
propriate mottos. There were two^> in Washington- 
street, the largest, and part of the distance, the widest 
street in the City. — On one of these was very legibly 
written — " 1776 — Washington and La Fayette. Wel- 
come La Fayette — A Republic not ungraiefid.^^ On the 
otiier 

" Welcome La Fayette." 

" The Fathers in glory shall sleep, 

"Who gather'd with thee to the fight ; 

But the sons will eternally kf>ep 

The tablet of gratitude bright. 

We bow not ihe neck 

And we bend not the knee, 

But our hearts. La Faye ite, 

We surrender to thee." 

The lines were from the pen of a ciHzen of Uoston, 
ivhose poetic talents had often deligSited the public, 
and who had received the highest praise from those 
capable of appreciating the productions of genius. 

When the possession arrived at the steps of the State 
House, near the head of Park Street, salutes were 
fired by a battalion of artillery, on the eminence on the 



llffiMOIRS OF LA FATETTEf* 15o 

xfestern part of the Common, and at the Navy Yard at 
Charlestown. Salutes were also fired by a battalion of 
artillery, placed on^ the heights of Dorchester, (now 
South Boston,) when General La Fayette reached the 
line of the city, at 1 1 o'clock. The President of the 
United States had caused an order to be issued, on th« 
first arrival of La Fayette, at New York, requiring, that 
he be received by the military otficers of the nation, at 
all public posts, with the salutes and honors due to one 
of the highest rank in the army. 

The Governor and Executive Council of the Com- 
monwealth, were assembled in the spacious Senate 
Chamber to receive La Fayette in the name of the Re- 
presentatives of the people, and in pursuance of their 
resolve of June preceding, as well as in accordance with 
their own personal feelings and wishes. His Excellen- 
cy the Governor, here addressed him with great feel- 
ing,* in the following concise and pertinent speech : 

" Sir, our friend, — 

" In the name of the government, 
and in behalf of the citizens of Massachusetts, I have the 
honor to greet you with a cordial, an affectionate wel- 
come. 

" We thank God, that he has been pleased to pre- 
serve you through the scenes of peril and of suffering, 
which have distinguished your patriotic and eventful 
life, and that we are indulged with this occasion of re- 
newing to you our grateful acknowledgements for the 
important services which you have rendered to our 
common country. 

" In the last surviving Major General of the Ameri- 

♦ Governor Ensti? w^s so affected, th;<i he had to call on one of 
his aids to read the greater part of Ihtj i-ddiess^^ 



154- MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

can revolutionary arm}', we recognize a benefactor and 
friend, from a distant and gallant nation ; who, inspired 
by n love of liberty, subjected himself in his youth, to 
the toils and hazards of a military life, in support of 
our rights. Under our illustrious Washington, you were 
instrumental in establishing the liberties of our country, 
while your gallantry in the field, secured to yourself ai 
imperishable renown. 

" With the enjoyment of the blessings of indepen- 
dence, we shall never cease to associate the name of 
La Fayette, and our prayer to heaven will be for his 
health and prosperity.'" 

To which the General, with much animation, repli- 
ed :— 

" Sip, 

'' When, in the name of the people and govern- 
ment of this State, your Excellency is pleased so kindly 
to welcome an American veteran, I am proud to share 
the honors and enjoyments of such a reception with my 
revolutionary companions and brother soldiers. Sir, I 
am delighted with what I see, I am oppressed with 
what I feel ; but I depend upon you, as an old friend, to 
do justice to my sentiments.*' 

Afterwards, a great number of gentlemen were intro- 
duced to La Fayette, in the Senate Chamber; of whom 
were the Judges and other public officers of the United 
States, of the State and of the City ; members of the 
society of Cincinnati, with their venerable and distin- 
guished President, Hon. John Brooks, late Governor of 
the Commonwealth. La Fayette recognized his old 
military and personal friend, at the first sight, and em- 
braced him with great cordiality and affection. Some 
other veterans of the revolutionary army, who were 



MEMOIRS OF LA PAYETTE. 165 

present, he alsa recollected ; and discovered strong e- 
motions as they approached him and took his hand. In- 
deed, he was so -eager to meet them, that he very gen- 
erally first seized them, and clung to them wilh ail the 
affection or a Irother. The scene was inexpressibly af- 
fecting. There was not a heart untouched — not a 
cheek unmoisten«d by the falling tear. To weep then 
was not weakness; it was proof of gratitude and of a 
generous feeling, which is an honor to human nature. 

By particular request, and to gratify the wishes of 
the people collected in front of the Slate House, Gene- 
ral La Fayette appeared in the colonade of this supei'b 
edifice, where he was greeted with loud and continued 
cheers. He was then conducted by the committee of 
arranofoments, to the residence provided for him at the 
head of Park Street. A public dinner was given by 
the city authorities, in honor of their noble guest ; and 
the invitation was extended to Senators and members of 
Congress, the Governor and Ex-Governor of the Com- 
monwealth, judicial and other public characters. 

A committee of the society of Cincinnati called upon 
General La Faytte at the residence of the Governor, ia 
Roxbury, and before his entrance into Boston. They 
were anxious to offer him their congratulations at the 
earliest moment; and to bid him welcome to the land 
they had unitedly struggled to defend. And a few days 
after his arrival, the whole society waited on him, ivhen 
their President made the following address : — ■ 

." Sir, 

'• ']'he Society of Cincinnati of the State of MasJ^a- 
chusetts seize the earliest moment after your arrival in- 
this city, of extending to you the hand of friendship and 
affection. We offer you our icost cordial congratula- 



1^0 MRMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

tions on your safe arrival again, after the lapse of forty 
years, on the shores of our favored country, once the 
theatre of our united toils, privations, and comhats with 
a powerful foe, but now the peaceful domain of a great, 
a free, and independent people. We hail you, sir, in 
unison with the millions of our fellow citizens ; most 
respectfully hail you as a Statesman, as a Philanthro- 
pist, and as the early, inflexible, and devoted friend, 
not only of our beloved country, but of the sacred 
principles of civil liberty and human rights. But we 
greet you under more tender and hallowed associations ; 
in the endearing relation of a brother-soldier, who, in 
the ardor of youth commenced in the iield with us your 
career of glory, in the holy cause of Liberty and Amer- 
ican Independence. 

" But herii recollections crov/d upon our minds too 
powerful for utterance. Words would but mock the 
deep emotions of our hearts should we attempt to ex- 
press them, in contemplating the character, attributes, 
and services of the parental Chief, under whose auspi- 
ces we trod together the tield of honor. To the pro- 
found veneration and love fur his memory that pene- 
trates your bobom, we refer you as to a transcript of 
our own. it would be vain to imagine the joy that 
would swell the great mind of Washington, were he 
still living to recognize with our nation, the generous 
disinterestedness, the glowing ardor, the personal sac- 
rifices, and the gallant achievements of his much loved 
Fayette. But it is equally vain to endeavor on this oc- 
casion, to exclude .such interesting reflections from the 
mind, or to deny it the melancholy pleasure of linger- 
ing on the solemn reaUty, that not a singlp individual 
of the General Staff of the army of the American Rev- 



UEMOmS OF LA FAYETTE. 15"? 

©lution now survives to participate in the joy thatyouf 
presence in the United States has awakened. 

" To us it is peculiarly grateful that you are permit- 
ted after a lapse of so long a period, to witness the 
consummation of the principles of our revolution. You 
will perceive, sir, that the hopes and predictions of the 
wise and good men who were your particular associates 
in the arduous struggle, have been fulfilled and surpass- 
ed. You will behold a great people united in their 
principles of jurisprudence, cemented together by the 
strong ties of mu'^ual interests and happy under the fos- 
tering influence of a free and energetic government. 

" You will, therefore, allow us to reiterate our feli- 
citations on your safe arrival among us, and to welcome 
you ont.e more to the good land which your youthful 
valor contributed to elevate nnd distinguish. 

•' Miy yo'ir future life be as triuq'iil and happy as 
your past has been useful, uniform, and glorious." 

To which the General returned the following an- 
swer : 

"Amidst the inexpressible enjoyments which press 
upon my heart, J could not but feel particulaily eager 
and happy to meet my beloved brothers in arms Ma- 
ny, many, I call in vain; and at the head of them, our 
matchless paternal Chief, whose love to an adopted son, 
I am proud to say, you have long witnessed — But while 
we mourn together, for those we have lost, while I find 
a consolation, in the sight of iheir reiation>i and friend.^, 
it is to me a delightful gsatilication, to recognize r.iV 
surviving companions of our revoltUionary anuy — MiMt 
army so brave, so virtuous, so united by nuitu;i! coi;- 
tidence and afiiection. That we have been the f».ilhfiil 
soldiers of independence, freedom, and equality, thoic 
(> 



15B MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

three essential requisites of national and personal dig- 
nity and happiness ; that we have lived to see those 
sxred principles secured to this vast Republic, and 
cherished elst where by all generous minds, shall be 
the pride of our life, the boast of our children, the com- 
fort of our last moments. — leceive, my dear brother 
soldiers, the grateful thanks, and constant love of your 
old companion and friend." 

On Wednesday was the anniversary of commence- 
ment in^Harvard University, at Cambridge. The cor- 
poration had requested the president, to send a partic- 
ular invitation to General La Fayette, to be present on 
the occasion. He had expressed a wish, soon after his 
arrival at New York, to attend that literary anniversa- 
ry. The corporation heard of his intention with great 
satisfaction. They were sensible of his love of litera- 
ture, and of his attachment to this ancient seminary. 
And they reniembered, that the governors of the col- 
lege appreciated his merits forty years before, by con- 
ferring upon him the highest honors they could bestow. 
At a meeting of the corporation on the 21st of August, 
it was voted-^ 

" That the corporation learn with peculiar satisfac» 
tion, the intention of General La Fayette to visit this 
part of our country, at the period of the approaching 
commencement, and regard the event as auspicious to 
that joyous and interesting anniversary ; and respectful- 
ly request, that he will favor the university with his 
company on that occasion; and thereby afford to the 
members of the university, and to those who are can- 
didates for its honors, the opportunity of seeing and 
honoring the distinguished patriot and soldier, whose 
willing sacrifices and valuable services were devoted to 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 159 

the cause which has secured to the successive races of 
American youth, the blessings of education in a land of 
freedom ; and whose virtuous and glorious career holds 
forth to the rising generation, a bright example of the 
qualities which ought to adorn those, who aspire to aid 
in the councils, or maintain the rights and inteiests of a 
free people." 

General La Fayette was escorted from Boston to 
Cambridge, on Wednesday morning, by a company of 
cavalry, and accompanied by the Governor and Su- 
preme Executive Council of the Commonwealth. In 
passing through Cambridge Port, he was gratefully 
cheered by the assembled citizen.^, and eloquently ad- 
dressed by one of the most dlstingui'^hGd, in the name 
of the whole. The reply of La Fayette was character- 
istic and affectionate. He was met by the Corporation 
and Professors, on his arriving within the precincts of 
thecollep^e, and thus addressed by the learned President 
Kirkland— 

^' We bid you welcome, General La Fayette, to the 
most ancient of the seminaries of our land. The Over- 
seers and Fellows of the Uraversity, the Professors and 
other officers, the candidates for the academic honors 
of this day, and the students, tender you their respect- 
fill, their affecJonate salutations. We greet you with 
peculiar pleasure, at this literary festival, gratified that 
you regard the occasion with interest, and espouse the 
attachment, which as members of a republic, we cannot 
tail to cherish to the cause of learning and education. 

*' As a man, sustaining his part through various scenes, 
prosperous and adverse, of an eventful life, your char- 
acter and course, marked by moral dignity, have chal- 



360 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE, 

lenged parlic jlar respect and sympathy. As the patroia, 
the champion and benefactor of America, you have a 
relation to us, by which we call you our own, and join 
gratitude and affection to exalted esteem. The early 
and costly pledges you gave of devotion to the princi- 
ples and spirit of our institutions, your adoption of our 
perilous and uncertain contest for national existence, 
your friendship in the hour of our greatest need, have 
associated your name in the minds and hearts of Amer- 
icans, with the dearest and most affecting recollections. 
The fathers teach their children, and the instructers 
their pupils, to hold you in love and honor; and the 
history of these states takes charge of your claims to 
the grateful remembrance of all future generations. 

'' It is a pleasing reflection attending the progress of 
these communities, that it justifies our friends and sup- 
porters ; and that the predilections and hopes in our fa- 
vor, which you indulged in the ardor of youth, have 
lecn followed by good auspices till your advanced age. 
\\'c are, indeed, happy in presenting you the fruit of 
your toils and dangers, in the kindly operation of the 
causes,' which you. did so much to call into action, and 
we rejoice in every dcraoristration we are able to give, 
that your care for us has not been vain. Knowing how 
you feel yourself to have a properly in our welfire, 
and sensible of the enjoyment accruing lo your gener- 
ous spirit from Cur prosperit}^ we find in these conside- 
rations, new motives to maintain liberty with ardor ; 
and in the exercise of our functions, feel bound to en- 
deavour to send out from our care, enlightened and 
virtuous men, employing their influence to secure to 
their country the advantages, and prevent and remedy 
the evils attending the wide diffuion among a people 
of political power. 



MEMOIRS OF LA LAYETTE. 161 

<• Accept our wishes and prRjersfor your health and 
happiness. May the Invisible Hand which ba'^ hoen 
your safeguard thus far, continue its protecting care. 
May the Supreme Disposer, the Witness and J-idt^'J of 
character and conduct, having appointed you a long and 
tranquil evening of days, receive you to the final and 
glorious reward of the faithful in a perfect state." 

The following is the substance of the General's re- 

" It is with real pleasure, sir, that I find myself a- 
gain at this University, which I visited for the first time, 
more than forty years ago. The great improvements 
which have been made here during the interval, are 
striking evidences of the tendency of liberal political 
institutions, to promote the progress of civilization and 
learning. I beg you to accept my warmest thanks for 
your kind expressions of personal civility to myself, and 
my b§st wishes for the continued prosperity of the val- 
uable establishment over which you preside." 

When he entered the place provided for the celebra- 
tion of commencement, where a numerous company of 
Indies and gentlemen had assembled, to attend the cer- 
emonies and literary performances of the day, there 
was an instantaneous and universal acclamation ; not 
stunning and boisterous ; but the decorous and chasten- 
ed greeting of an intelligent audience. When he reach- 
ed the stage, he bowed repeatedly to the assembly, 
with great apparent sensibility. Several of the young 
gentlemen, alluded to him in their orations ; and some 
dwelt particularly on his early devotion to the cause of 
America in the struggle for independence, with great 
effect. These notices, though short and indirect, were 
«3alculated to excite thegi-ateful recollection'^ of the au- 
q2 



162 MEMOIRS OF LA FAVETTE. 

<]ience ; who responded to the sentiments with enthu- 
siastic acclamations. 

Thursday and Saturday mornings, for several hours, 
he received the personal compliments and congratula- 
tions of a great number of the inhabitants of Boston and 
vicinity, of both sexes. They were presented to him, 
on the spacious area of the ground tloor of the State 
House. The house provided for his residence while 
in the city, though unusually large, was not well adapt- 
ed for such crowds of visitors as pressed to behold him. 
Many aged people were presented, who had served 
with him in the revolutionary war, or recollected e- 
vents of that period, which they were desirous to re- 
late. Some were on crutches, and others bared their 
arms to show the honorable scars occasioned by the 
bayonet or ball of the enemy, in the "ghirious fight*' 
for freedom. Some could boast of having fought under 
his command, or by his side, at Brandy wine and Mon- 
mouth ; and others, that followed in his path of peril 
and glory in Virginia, in 1781, and assisted in success- 
fully storming the redoubt at Yorktown, on the memo- 
rable evening of the 15th of October, which decided 
the fate of Cornwaliis. 

He siezed the hynds of these his old companions in 
arms, with great eag'^rness and emotion ; and while 
they, in the honest pr d^ of their snuls related their 
^' hair-breadth escapes," which led the sjectators al- 
most to envy their claims to such honourable boasting, 
the veteran hero exclaimed, ^' O my brave Light In- 
fantry ! My gallant troops !" — Severa> aged citizens who 
were personally engaged in opposing the British forces 
who marched to Lexington and Concord, for the pur- 
jjose of destroying the Provincial stores collected at 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAVETTE. ^GS 

the latter place, were present at this interview. A 
gun was also shown to General La Fayette, from which 
was tired the ball, which killed the first of" the regular 
troops slain on that memorable occasion. These meet- 
ings revived recollections important to be preserved, 
and served to remind the rising gen^^rations oi the prin- 
ciples and deeds of their fathers. We trust they did 
not awaken any angry or hostile feelings towards an 
ancient enemy ; but served only to kindle our grati- 
tude to Almighty God, for his gracious interpositicfis 
in our behalf, and to perpetuate our respect for the 
remains of those who oifered up their lives for our 
freedom and weliare. 

On Thursday, by particular request of the literary 
society of'' Phi Beta Kappa,'^'' so called, in the univer- 
sity. General La Fayette attended the celebration of 
their anniversary at Cambridge. It was never known 
before, that any one, however distinguished either for 
literature or virtue, was invited to dine with the soci- 
ety, unless a member of some other branch of the as- 
sociation. The departure in this case, from the inva- 
riable usages and rules of the society, is proof of the 
very high estimation in which La Fayette is held, and 
of the dispositi'>n, in all classes of citizens, to manifes|- 
their respect for his character. He proceeded to the 
university, about 1 o'clock, when he was again greet- 
ed with the hearty cheers of the citizens, as he passed 
the high-way. and when he arrived. The public per- 
formances on this occasion, were an oration and a poem. 
The latter was prepared at very short notice, and had 
particular reference to the visit of the illustrious hero 
and philanthropist, ].a Fayette. It purported to be the 
vision of the Genius of Liberty. It was a felicitous ef- 



164 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE:. 

fort of the poetic muse. The gradual but certain dis- 
solution of ancient despotic systems was predicted, as 
by th6 spirit of inspiration ; and the blessings and joys 
of well regulated freedom were described with a mas- 
^ terly pencil, a!» extending and spreading in all parts of 

the civilized world. It w is the electrifying voice of 
genius speaking to Iiearls full of gratitude and swelling 
with joyous emotions. 

'I'he orator was not less happy in his subject, nor less 
ingenious and eloquent in its illustration. His object 
was to present, in all its force, the motive to intellec- 
tual and" literary efFoit. He assumed the progressive 
nature of the human mind ; referred to the advances al- 
ready made in science and the arts, and in civil gov- 
ernments ; noticed the tendencies in society to higher 
improvements ; and glanced at the facilities for social 
happiness and intellectual and moral excellence, in this 
western world, under our mild and republican institu- 
tions. It was an uncommon display of talent and re- 
search, and of profound observations on the present 
improved and improving condition of man. He pointed 
out the happy destiny which awaited the United States? 
which a powerful imagination had predicted, but which 
sober facts also authorize us to expect; and called up- 
on the literary and patriotic youth of our country to use 
all honorable eiforts for hastening on this glorious issue. 
In speaking of the wisdom, firmness and courage of our 
patriotic fathers, by whom our liberties were secured, 
and our independence established, he paid a just tribute 
to the disinterested and heroic services of La Fayette, 
who cherished and aided our cause in the most gloomy 
periods of the war. The reference was most appro- 
ppate ; and the statement of his zeal and efforts in our 



MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. 165 

behalf, produced such a deep conviction of his devotion 
to America, and of his influence in obtaining" the support 
of France, which, probably, saved our country from sub- 
jugation, that a deep and strong emotion was produced 
in the whole immense concourse; which, subdued as it 
was for a time, burst forth, at last, in overwhelming; and 
almost convulsive agitations. Tne orator seemed not 
to aim at such an extraordinary impression. He re- 
minjJed his hearers indeed of''' truths surpassing fiction;" 
he brought to their recollection past scenes of danger 
endured, the generous and heroic de<^'ds performed — 
he spake of the " Paternal Chief," who was the guide 
and support of other brave spirits, now laid low in the 
silence of death — The effect was wonderful : the 
whole audience were melted into tears of mingled grat- 
itude and respect ; gratitude for such patriotic services, 
and of respect for the memories of men, who had 
secured the blessings of civil liberty to the immense 
and increasing; population of this extensive country. 
La Fayette was very sensibly affected, by this unex- 
pected expression of gratitude for his early services, 
and by the strong emotions manifested by the assem- 
bly, at the name of Washington The hours passed in 
the dining hall were consecrated to reminisciences of 
the interesting events which occurred in the revolu- 
tionary contest, to grateful recollections of the states- 
man and heroe*, who advocated and defended the 
cause of freedom, and thus lev! the way in the glorious 
march of human improvement and happiness, wiiic'.i 
the present generation is so rapidly pursuing H. re 
were assembled the judges of the land, the ministers 
of religi n, the legislator^ of th • state and nation, 
several of the heroes of the revolution, and numeroi:^ 



a^ 



166 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE, 

eminent literary characters from various parts of the 
United States, to unite With the younger sons of Har- 
vard, in offerings of affectionate gratitude to a man, who 
had no gifts of jiower or titles of honor to bestow ; but 
whose useful services and uniform course of honorable 
and benevolent purpose, in their estimation, claimed * 
higher tribute than was due to sceptered princes, or 
the most renowned conquerors of ancient or modern 
times. 

On Friday morning, committees from Portsmouth, 
Portland, Newport, Haverhill, Newburyport,Plymouth, 
and frotn Bowdoin College, inviting him to visit thvse 
respective places; where the people were desirous to 
see mm, and to offer personally their welcome sal- 
ut.ilions. He was unable to comply with these flatter- 
ing iuvitations, as he had engaged to return to New- 
Yo. k at an early day. But he received these lesti_ 
monies of attachment with great sensibiUty ; and ex- 
pressed a h.:»pe to visit them bef >re his final departure 
from the United States. He left his place of residence 
in Boston at 10 o'clock, accompanied by Governor Eus- 
tis and ^u:t. Governor Brooks, the deputation from 
N'v.V'York, th,« Mayor and committee of arrangemeats 
of Boston, and proceeded to Charlestown, which he pre- 
viously engaged to visit, at this time. As he passeil. 
through the streets in the norih part of the city, the 
people pressed nround him, testitjing their regard, and 
cheering him on his way with repeated acclamations. 
Raised arches, wreatlies of evergreen, and vaiiegat- 
ed colours added to the brilliancy of the scene. He 
was met at the centre of the biidge, which is the 
dividing line between Boston and Charlestown, by 
the Chief Marshal and his aid^, and concfucted to the 
square, where a committee of the citizeas of that town 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 167 

was in wailing to receive him. A procession \^'as then 
formed, headed by two marslials, and escorted by a re- 
giment of lii»;ht infantry, and a battalion of artillerj^, 
with martial music, consisting of the committee of ar- 
rangements, General La Fayette, his son and friend who 
accompanied him from France ; the Governor and suite, 
Governor Rrooks and General Dearborn, Judges of the 
Courts an<l members of the Supreme Executive ( cun- 
cil of the State ; deputation from New York, Mayor 
and committee of Boston, officers of the army and navy 
of the United States, and of the militia of the State; 
strangers of distinction, and civil officers of the town of 
Chariestown. It proceeded to Bunker Hill, where the 
chairman of the committee of the town, addressed La 
Fayette as follows : — 
" Sir, 

" In behalf of the inhabitants of Chariestown, the 
committee of arrangements present their respectful sal- 
utations to General La Fayette, and bid him a cordial 
welcome to this town. This joyful occasion revives 
high national feelings and recollections, and touches the 
springs of gratitude by reminding us of that interesting 
period of our history, which gave to our country a gal- 
hint hero, and to the rights of mankind a steadfast cham- 
pion. While we participate in the thrill of delight, 
which every where hails the visit of our illustrious 
friend, we cannot suppress the peculiar emotion of cur 
hearts on receiving you, sir, on the memorable heights 
of Bunker. On this holy ground, immortalized by the 
dead, and sacred to the manes of revolutionary heroes : 
Over these heights, liberty once moved in blood and 
tears ;— her chariot on wheels of fire. Now she comes 
An her car of peace and glory; drawn by the affections 



168 MKMOIRS OF LA FAYETfE. 

of a happy people, to crown on these same heiglits, 
with civic honors, a favorite son, whose early streng"th 
was given to her sacred strngg-les, and whose riper 
years are now permitted to behold the splendor of her 
triumphs. In the fulness of our hearts we give thanks 
to Ahnighty God, vvho has guided and guarded your 
high career of peril and renown. 

'' Permit us, beloved General, again to welcome you 
to our borders ; — to express our ardent hopes, that your 
valuable life may be prolonged to the utmost limits of 
earthly happiness; — that the land which has been en- 
riched with the dew of your youth, may be honored as 
the asylum of your old age ; — that the country which 
now blends your fame with the mild lu^Jtre of Washing- 
ton, may henceforth hail you as a citizen of Washing- 
ton's country ; — and that, during the residue of your 
years, you may live amidst the attentions, as you will 
forever live in the hearts of a grateful and admiring 
people.'" 

To this address the General replied — 
" With profound reverence, sir, I tread this holy 
ground, where the blood of American patriots— the 
blood of Warren and his companions, early and glori- 
ously spilled, aroused the energy of three millions, and 
secured the happiness often millions, and of many oth- 
er millioas of men in times to come. That blood has 
called both American continents to republican iudepen- 
dence , and has awakened the nations of Europe to a 
sense, and in future, I hope, to the practice of theij- 
rights. Such have been the effects of a resistance to 
oppression, which was, by many pretended wise men 
of the tines, called rashness ; while it was duty vir- 
tue ; — and has been a signal for the emaucipation of 
»Tfiankind. 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 1G9 

^' 1 beg you, sir, and the magistrates, and the citi- 
zens of Charlestown, to accept the homage of my grat- 
itude for 3^our kind welcome, and of those sentiments 
of affection and respect, which, for so many years, I 
have cherished toward their town." 

While on this memorable eminence, he was inform- 
ed by Governor Brocks, of the recent association for 
erecting a monumentid pillar on that hallowed spot, to 
perpe uate the remembrance of the justly celebrated 
batile of the 17th of June, 1775; when a few regiments 
of undisciplined militia, made a brave stand against a 
large regular British force, commanded by generals of 
great experience and courage. This great event, so 
important in the annals of our country, as it convinced 
the English government of the resolution of the colo- 
nies to maintain the liberty which they claimed, and of 
the daring courage ot" the American people. This e- 
vent is to be commemorated in June next, when fifty 
years will be completed, by an oration, and other pub- 
lic appropriate services and ceremonies. General La 
Fayette expressed great satisfaction of the proposal. 
He requested that he might be considered a subscriber 
for the monument; and assured the gentlemen present, 
that it would be his wish and endeavour to attend the 
celebration. 

General La Fayette availed of this opportunity to 
visit the navy yard, in Charlestown, belongirg to the 
United States, in compliance with a previous invitation 
from the officer commanding on the station : and he 
appeared highly gratiiied with the establishment in ail 
its departments. lie agrees entirely with those en- 
lightened politicians of our own country, who have al- 
w'ays considerod a naval force of great advantage to 



170 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTK. 

America, if not absolutely necessary to our Indepen- 
dence. He dined this day with his Excellency the 
Governor, in company with several revoiufionary vet- 
erans, and a large number of public cbaraciers of I'.ds 
and the neighbouring states, who were i^en en a visit 
to the capital. 

Saturday, after receiving the salutations of th<^ citi- 
zens, who were desirous of being presented to hint, he 
Set off for Medford, to visit his pariicraar and valued 
friend, Governor Brooks. His reception in this beautiful 
village, is represented as very interesting. The citi- 
zens had comparatively short notice of the visit to that 
place ; but they greeted him with great cordiality, and 
the honors bestowed were not unworthy of their distin- 
guished guest. The main streets and the houses which 
he passed, before he reached the mansion of Governor 
Brooks, were filled with children and people, who re- 
peatedly bid him welcome, with great cordiality, and 
expressed their gratitude and joy on beholding the man, 
who they had learned, had done so much for their be- 
loved country; and who was the respected friend of 
one among them, whom they always delighted to hon- 
or. A company of artillery fired a salute, as he enter- 
ed the villnge ; and several arches were thrown across 
the street, decorated with flags, and wreaths of flow- 
ers and evergreens. Under one of them he was met by 
the selectmen, one of whom thus addressed him — 

"General La Fayetie, 

^' The selectmen of Medford, as the representatives 
of the town, deem it a grateful and honorable part of 
their duty to bid you welcome. 

" They are proud, sir, that Medford is the birth- 
'^Jace of one of your companions in arras — a man, who, 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 171 

by his bravery in the field, his patriotism and civic vir- 
tues, contributed to acquire as much glory to our coXin- 
try, as honor to himself. 

'* We rejoice, sir, (hat you both live to meet again, 
and to enjoy together the consolations fairly derived 
from your virtuous and heroic deeds. 

" The minds of our countrymen traced your course 
with anxious solicitude, through the French revolution, 
from }^our first success in the cause of liberty, until the 
spirit of oppression confined you to a dungeon ; and 
their hearts were gladdened, when, by the influence of 
our great and good Washington, their friend was at last 
set free. In the rich harvest you are now gathering 
of the expressions of esteem and gratitude of thi^; nu- 
merous people, whose freedom and happiness your ex- 
ertions so essentially contributed to establish, we hope 
you will find some compensation for all your trials, sac- 
rifices and sufferings; nnd we feel much complacency, 
that, in this respect you have gained so complete a tri- 
umph over the monarchs of the world. 

*' Again sir, we bid you a most cordial welcome; and 
hope, the testimonials of approbation you are receiving 
from every heart and every tongue, will forever re- 
main an instructive lesson to mankind, that patriots who 
endure faithfully to the end, shall not lose their re- 
ward." 

The General said in reply — " I am most happy in 
visiting my old brother soldier and friend, General 
Brooks, to be received with so kind a welcome. Yoa 
speak of compensation^ sir; the smallest part of the de- 
light which I have experienced in America, would 
more than repay me for all wj services and all my 
sufferings^* 



17£ SHsaoms of la fayette. 

Several evening parties were given in honor ofLa- 
Fayette, w-hile he was in Boston, by some of its most 
distinguished citizens. On these occasions, he mani- 
fested great pleasure on meeting the children or rela- 
tives of the patriots of our revolution, with many of 
whom he had a personal acquaintance. It was delight- 
ful to observe the e.igerness with which the ladies, old 
and young, pressed around him and the pride with 
which they boasted of having taken his hand. His 
countenance and manner discovered the joy which fill- 
ed his heart, in cherishing recollections ol past servi- 
ces, which he might indulge without vanity ; and in per- 
ceiving the gratitude, which a deep sense of those 
services excited among all classes. He manifested a 
desire to attend the religious service of the Sabbath 
at the church in Brattle-street, where he had formerly 
joined in worship with Bowdoin, Hancock and Cooper ; 
he was accordingly conducted there, accompanied by 
the Mayor of the City and Chief Justice of the State. 
The sermon, by the learned and pious pastor of that 
Church, which was an occasional one, was happily 
calculated to direct and chasten the feelings of the au- 
dience. He inculcated the sacred duty of confidence 
and joy in the providence and moral government of God, 
and of gratitude to those who had been raised up to be 
instruments of extensive blessings to our country. The 
most ardent were gratified, while the more sober and 
devout were pleased, that no complimentary panegyric 
was pronounced incompiitable with the solemnity of 
the place and day. in the afternoon he vi^iteJ Hon. 
John Adams at Quincy ; the truly venerable patriot of 
1775; a decided, zealous advocate for Iniependence 
in 1776 ; the able and faithful minister of the nation, at 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 173 

foreign courts; and somotime President of the, United 
States. Mr. Adams is eighty eight years of age, and his 
constitution much debihtated within a few years. But 
his powerful mind is still bright and vigorous ; and he 
dwells with great enthusiasm upon the glorious pros- 
pects of our rising empire. His highly valuable ser- 
vices to the country can never be forgotten. For no 
one, if Washington be excepted, amon^ the many firm 
asserters of our rights in the struggle for independence, 
could justly claim a greater portion of gratitude and 
praise from the present generation. 

Desirous of offering all due lienors to General La 
Fayette, and knowing his taste for military exhibitions, 
the Governor ordered the militia of Boston, which con- 
stituted a brigade, of the first division, and an equal 
number from Essex and Middlesex, which included the 
second and third divisions, to assemble on the Common 
in the city of Boston, on Monday, the 30th of August. 
This was really a proud day, particularly for the citi- 
zen soldiers of Massachusetts ; but a// classes of the 
people enjoyed this imposing aad honorable display. 
For our militia are justly considered the ornament as 
well as the defence of the republic. Citizens of all 
professions take an interest in their appearance, their 
discipline and their reputation. The ranks are com- 
posed of our valuable and industrious population ; and 
their officers are to be found among our respectable 
mechanics, merchants and professional gentlemen. The 
exhibition was the most splendid of the kind recollecled' 
by the oldest inhabitants. Ther€ were above five 
thousand men armed and equipped, and their appear- 
ance and movements would have done credit to regular 
troops. Their officers are men of talent? an-J nmbiUo?", 



174 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

The impression made upon the minds of a great con- 
course of distinguished citizens, in the civil department, 
who were present, was highly creditable to our mili- 
tary system, and to those, whose duty it is to attend to 
the execution of laws on the subject. The Governor, 
as Commander in Chief, had ordered a spacious mar- 
que to be erected, where upwards of fifteen hundred 
people wer6 accommodated in partaking of an abun- 
dant collation ; rations were also dealt out to all the 
troops on duty at the expense of the State. The spec- 
tacle was most magnificent. The officers and soldiers 
did themselves and the State great honor by their ex- 
act discipline and soldierly appearance ; and by the 
promptness and regularity of their movements. The 
illustrious visitor was highly pleased, the strangers 
were gratified ; and the militia themselves felt a con- 
scious pride, in having an opportunity to oifer appro- 
priate salutations to one who was both a soldier and a 
philanthrophist. 

Should it be supposed by the sober citizens of other 
countries, or by those in our own, who did not join in 
these offerings of grateful admiration to La Fayette, and 
who therefore could have felt nothing of the enthusi- 
asm which such scenes are calculated to produce ; that 
there was too much parade or an undue measure of 
sensibility manifested on this occasion ; it may be pro- 
per to observe, that no conclusion is to be drawa 
from this great rejoicing, that the people of Boston, of 
in fact of the United States, are disposed to pay higher 
regard to eminent men of the military than in the civil 
department; or that they have so little discrimination, 
as to bestow applause upon merely splendid achieve- 
jments. It is believed to be a fact, that the most intelli- 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 175 

gent and sober part of the community were as ready 
to engage in tliese processions and ceremonies as those 
of the more common and uninformed class of citizens. 
How could it be otherwise ? These are convincing 
proofs of the zeal, disinterestedness and devotion of 
General La Fayette to the cause of American liberty 
and independence — ot his bravery, activity, judgment, 
constancy and fidelity — of his attachment to v> ashing- 
ton and other "patriots, and of their regard for him ; and 
of his uniform support of regulated liberty in his own 
country. In his early days, he had risked every thing 
and had done every thing which an individual could 
po»«sibly endure or attempt, in our behalf. He had now, 
m advanced life, lett his own beloved retirement in a 
distant hi^misphere, to visit this land of liberty, and of 
his affections ; to behold the prosperity, order, enjoy- 
ment and felicity of a great p. ople. His character, 
too, is unstained by bloodshed and crime ; it is conse- 
crated on the contrary by the prayers, and tears, and 
benedictions, of all good men in America and Europe. 
Who then will censure or wonder, that he should be 
received by the moral and sober people of ^ m'^J'ica, 
with all that cordilaity and enthusiasm, which were 
discovered on his arrival among us ? We do not iorget 
Washington ; our beloved, and almost adored Washing- 
ton — nor are we insensible to the merits and virtues of 
other statesmen and heroes of o t own country. But, 
surely we may be allowed to greet thi- old distinguish- 
ed iJenefactor, with a cordial welcome, without sub- 
jecting ourselves to the charge of extravagance or ca- 
price. 

The character of the militia in Boston, and !?*eneral- 
ly through the state, has been much improved within 



176 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

the last fifteen years. They have recently adopted a 
cheap uniform; and great improvements have been 
made in adopting the modern system of tactics. The 
independent companies need not decline a comparison 
with regular trocps ; and, what is very imp/rtant to 
the respectability of the militia, their officers are intel- 
ligent and ambitious, and actuated by a patriotic spirit, 
which is a pledge of fidelity and a stimulus to honora- 
ble exertion. The high praise bestowed upon the 
militia at this review, was justly merited. 

General La Fayette left Boston on Tuesday morning 
for Portsmouth, in the state of New Hampshire, in- 
tending to pass through Marblehead, Salem and New- 
buryport, on his way to the former place. A number 
of distinguished citizens, and a Committee of the City 
Council accompanied him to the nothern line of the 
city; and the governor's aids attended him to the ex- 
treme part of the state adjoining New Hampshire. On 
his route, he was greeted by the inhabitants of Chel- 
sea, Lynn and xMarblehead, with great feeling and re- 
spect, alike honourable to themselves and gratifying to 
the friend and gue?^t of the nation. Addr. sses were al- 
so made to him, in these several towns, expressive of 
their gratitude for his services, and of the lively sense 
they had of his present visit to the country. He took 
"breakfast at Marblehead, where almost the whole pop- 
ulation of this industrious and patriotic town were pre- 
sented to him. H- also met here, some gentlemen cel- 
ebrated for their naval exploits in the war of the rev- 
olution. 

His reception at Salem was very distinguished and 
splendid. At the entrance of the town, he was met bj 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. IT? 

the selectmen and committee, a numerous cavalcade, 
and a lari^fe body of citizms in . airiages, and received 
a salute of artillery ; on advancing a short distance with- 
in the bounds of the town, the bells commenced ring^ 
ins;, iind the escort was joined by a battalion of light 
infantry, and a body of seamen, of about two hundred, 
in bhie jackets and white trowsers, with ribbons on 
their hats, stamped with the name of La Fayette. 

'• W ith the hearty cheers of these hardy sons of Nep* 
tune, the General appeared to b<^ peculiarly impressed. 
Over South Salem bridge were tivo tastefully decorat-. 
ed arches — one bearing the inscription " Welcome Il- 
lustrious Chief ! Receive the pledges of thy Children to 
sustaiji zvithjidelity the principles that first, associated La 
Fayette with the destinies of America .^"^ These arches 
were surrounded by an immense number of citizens, 
who made the air rmg with their huzzas and welcomes. 
The figure of an Indian Chief characteristically dressed, 
bore labels inscribed ^^ La Fayette and Liberty. Wel- 
come generous La Fayette.'''' 

" The procession passed through the principal streets, 
which were thronged with spectators ; while the win- 
dows of the houses were crowded with females, all ea- 
ger to see and welcome the heroic visitor. 

'^ Civic Arches, historical and patriotic Inscriptions, 
memorable eras, wreaths of flowers and evergreens, 
banners and flags, were displayed in many of the streets, 
enlivening the scene, animating the cheers, and afford- 
ing grateful recollections. 

*' Central street was gaily dressed in cr lours, and on 
an elegant arch were inscribed the names of «]1stiiiguish- 
ed patriots of the revolution, crowned witl» those of 
Washington and La Fayette, la North-street a simi- 



178 MEMOIRS eP LA FAYETtE. 

lar arch bore the inscription : — '' Honor to him •mho 
fought and hied for the peace and happiness we now en," 
joyP'' On an arch at Buffam's corner, was inscribed, 
*' La Fayette, the friend of Liberty^ we welcome to the 
land of liberty. He did not forget us in our adversity — 
In our prosperity we remember his services with grati- 
tude.^^ Near the above, another arch bore a likeness 
•f La Faj^ette, surmounted by an eagle. 

" Near the avenue leading to the bridge at which, in 
February, 1775, Col. Leslie, with a detachment of the 
British 64th regiment, met with a repulse in an attempt 
to carry off some canon deposited in the vicinity, were 
banners, with the following inscription:— 
^' Leslie^ s Repidse^ 1775. 
La Fayette^s Retiown^ 1S2V^ 
" In Winter-street an arch bore the following inscrip- 
tion on American duck, made at the factory in Salem-<it 
AMKRICAN DUCK. 
" While wind.s shall blow, and seas shall roll^ 
While aught remains that's good and great, 

Our A'ative Duck^ from pole to pole, 
Shall waft the fame of La Fayette." 
" Washington-square was decorated with two arch- 
es, tastefully ornamented, one bearing the name of 
the General in oaken characters, and the second a 
bust of Washington. 

" On Washington-square the General passed between 
two lines of boys, about one thousand in number, array- 
ed under their respective instructors, all bearing La 
Fayette badges. One of the.gates of ihe square bore 
this inscription. — '" The children welcome with joy., ihe il- 
lustrious benefactor of their fathers.''^ And as the Gene- 
ral passedj they shouted " Welcome La Fayette.'''' 



MEMflRS OF LA FAVETl'E. 119 

"•Notwithstanding the heavy ram, this yonthiul 
band couid not be prevailed upon to leave the ground, 
but remained l»ravely at their post until they had 
shared with their parents in the honor and happiness 
of greeting the nation's guest. 

" From VYashingt on-square the procession passed to 
the Cotfee-House, now named Lafayette Coffee-House 
(late E<i'<ex ;) where, on a temporary stage, erect*'d in 
front of the house, the Committee of irrangements 
received their illustrious ji^uest, and Jud^^e Story, the 
President of the day, in the most interesting- and 
eloquent manner, welcomed him in the following ad- 
dress. : — 
•^ General La Fayette. 

" Sir — Forty years have elapsed since the inhabit- 
ants of this town had the pleasure to welcome you with- 
in its limits. Many, who then hailed your arrival with 
pride and exultation, have descended to the grave, and 
cannot greet you on your long desired return. But, 
thanks to a go-id providence, many are yet alive, who 
recollect with grateful sensibility, the universal joy of 
that occasion. Your disinterested zeal in embarking in 
a cause, deemed almost hopeless — your personal sacri- 
fices in quitting a home, endeared by all the blessings 
with which affection and virtue can adorn life — your 
toils and perils in the conflicts of war, and the vicissi- 
tudes of a discouraging service — your modest dignity 
and enthusiasm un receiving the homage of a free peo- 
ple — these were all fresh in their memories, and gave 
an interest to the scene, which cannot be described, 
but which time has hallowed with his most touching 
grace. I stand now in the presence of some, venera- 
ble ia age and characterj who were tbe delighted wit- 



180 MFMOIRS OF LAFAYETTE. 

nesses of that interview, and whose hearts again gloiv 
with the feelings of that happy day. 

" To us of a younger generation —the descendants 
of your early friends and companions in arms, a differ- 
erit but not less interesting privilege belongs. We are 
allcu'ed the enviable distinction of meeting in his ripier 
years, one,^ whom our fathers loved in their youth. We 
welcome you to our couniry, to oar homes, to our 
hearts. We have read the history of your achievements, 
your honors, and your sufferings ! They are associat- 
ed with all that is dear to us — with the battle-grounds, 
consecrated by the blood of our heroes — with the ten- 
der recollections of our departed statesmen — with the 
affectionate reverence of our surviving patriots. Can 
we forget that our country was poor and struggli.'jg a- 
lone in the doubtful contest for Independence, and you 
crossed the Atlantic at the hazard of fortune, fame and 
life, to cheer us in our defence ? That you recrossed it 
to solicit naval and military succours from the throne of 
Frnoce. and returned with triumphant success ? Thai 
your galhmtry checked in the southern campaigns, the 
inroads of a brave and contident enemy ? That your 
military labours closed only with the surrender at 
Yorktown, and thus indissolyjbly united your name with 
the proud events of that glorious day ? We cannot for- 
get these things if we would — We would not forget 
them if we could. They will perish only when Amer- 
ica ceases to be a nation. 

'' But we have yet higher sources of gratification on 
the present occasion. You have been not merely the 
friend of America, but of France, and of liberty through- 
out the world. During a long life in the most trying 
f^cenes, you have done no act for which virtue need 



MEMOIRS OF LA FATETTE. 181 

blush or humanity weep. Your private character has 
not cast a shade on your public honors. In the palaces 
of Paris and the dungeons of Ohnutz, in the splendor 
of power, and the gloom of banishment, you have been 
the friend of justice, and the asserter of the ri^j^hts of 
man Under every misfortune, you have never desert- 
ed your principles. What earthly prince can afford 
consolation like this ? The favor of princes, and the 
applause of senates, sink into absolute nothingness, in 
comparison with the approving conscience of a life de- 
voted to the good of mankind. At this very moment 
you are realizing the brightest visions of your youth, 
in the spectacle of ten millions of people prosperous 
and happy under a fr«ae government, \those moral 
strength consists in the courage and intelligence of its 
citizens.— -These millions welcome your arrival to the 
shores of the west with spontaneous unanimity; and 
the voice which now addresses you, feeble as it is, re- 
peats but the thoughts that are ready to burst from the 
lips of every American." 

The GeneraPs reply was in his ii«?ual manner. — It 
was brief, affectionate, and full of feeling. 

An impressive circumstance occurred in the deliv- 
ery of the address.— When the Judge came to that part 
which says, '^ Wf could not forf^et thnn if wp would ; we 
would not forget them if we. could ;" the spontaneous as- 
sent of the assembled people to the s?ntimenf, was giv- 
en by ''.¥0. never ;'''' repeater! by thousands of voices, 
and accompanied by de^ff^ninir shout- of np{)lan'=:e. 

A great number of introd^sctions t the G'^neral 
took place. Of them, were several revc-utionary ffi- 
cers and soldiers. 

At Beverly and Ipswich he received from the asaenj* 



182 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTfi; 

Ijled inhabitants, the same cordial welcome with whicia 
he had been greeted in other towns, through which he 
passed. The selectmen of these places waited on him, 
and offered him the congratulations of their fellow cit- 
izens ; the people greeted him with repealed cheers of 
*' welcome, welcome Ln Fayette ;" and arches were e- 
Tected at several public places, containing appropriate 
mottoes. The houses of the villages through v/hich lie 
passed, after the evening set in, were brilliantly iilu- 
minnted. 

It was evening when he arrived at Ipswich, and the 
weather was very inclement. The iuhnbitants had, 
therefore, assembled in the meeting house to receive 
him. Thither he was conducted hy a committee of the 
town; and on his entrance, he was greeted with great 
exultation and joy. One of the committee addressed 
him as follows : — 

'^ General La Fayette, 

'' Accept from the people of Ipswich, theii 
-cordial congratulations on your arrival in their country 
and within their own borders. To this ancient town, 
^ir, we bid you a joyful welcome. 

" Having devoted to our beloved country, in her 
weak and critical situation, the vigor of your youth 
and the resources of a mind intent on the cause offree- 
dom and humanity, and committed to a common lot wiih 
her, your own destinies, — that country can never for- 
get the services you rendered, and the sacrifices you 
incurred, for her defence and prote^'tion, when assailed 
by overbearing power. 

'' We rejoice in having an opportunity of presenting 
fiurselves in this house, consecrated to the worship of 
the €lod tf oar fathers, who has kindly raised up friead* 



>IEI.fOinS OF LA FAYETTE. 10^ 

and patrons of the cause of our country and of liberty, 
to pay to you our grateful respect for your eminent la- 
Ijours. 

" Most of those who acted in, or witnessed the great 
scenes in which you bore so conspicuous a part, have 
now descended to the tombs of their fathers. The pre-, 
sent generation can rehearse only what the}' have 
heard with their ears, and their fathers have told them^ 
But the name of La Fayette is not confined to any gen- 
eration; While the liberties of America shall endure, 
it will descend from father to son, associated with those 
of the immortal Wasliington, and oiher heroes and sages 
of our revolution, as the friend of our country, of liber- 
ty, and of man. 

'' Illustrious benefactor — may the blessing- of Heaven 
ever attend you, and may your remaining days be as 
happy, as your past have been perilous, useful and hon-,. 
orable." 

To which the General made the following reply :— • 

'' Sir, 

" The attentions paid me by my American friend?., 
I receive with inexpressible gratitude. I regret that 
so many of my friends here, should be exposed on my 
account to this storm. I have ever considered it my 
pride and my honor, that I embarked in the cause o^ 
Independence in this country ; and 1 rejoiced when 1 
found myself again landed on the American shored. 
You, kind sir, the people of this town, and ail who are 
assembled in this solemn place, will please to accept 
my thanks for this expression of your attachment, and 
receive my best wishes for your individual prosperity 
and happiness." 

He reached Newburyport a little past ten o'clock, 



184 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

where he passed the night. His lodgings were the 
same which Washington oc€upied, when he made his 
tour through the northern states, in 1789, the tirst jear 
of his presidency. The following address was made to 
kim, by the chairman of a committee of that town : — 

" Genkral La Fayette, 

" The citizens of Newbnryport are happy in this 
©pportunity of greedng, with the warmest welcome, a 
distingijished benefactor of their country. 

" The important service.^, which you rendered this 
people in the day of their distress ; the devotedness which 
you manifested in their perilous cause, and the dangers 
which you sought for their relief, are incorporated in 
our history, and firmly engraven upon our hearts. 

"We would lead you to our institutions of learning, 
charity and religion ; we would point you to our hills 
and vallics covered with flocks, and smiling in abun- 
dance, that you may behold the happy effects of those 
principles of liberty, which you was so instrumental in 
establishing. 

" Our children cluster .iLout yen to receive a patii- 
ofs blessing. Our ciiizens press forward to show their 
gratitude. Our nation pays you a tribute, which must 
remove the reproach that republics are ungrateful. 

''As the zealous advocate for civil liberty, we bid 
you welcome ; as the brave defender of an oppressed 
people, we make you welcome ; as the friend and as- 
sociate of our immortal W^ashington, we bid you wel- 
come." 

General La Fayette replied in his usually courteous 
and animated manner, and evincing his great sensibility 
to the kind and friendly greetings with which he had 
been received. He here also met several veterans of 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. ]|i 

the revolutionary army ; a gratification which he en- 
joyed in almost every place he visited. Though the 
number is rapidly lessening, a few remain in most of the 
populous towns of the Commonwealth. 

He left Newburyport Wednesday morning for the 
capital of New- H amp.-? hire. The escort contemplated 
to have attended on his way to the bounds of the state, 
was prevented by the heavy rain. It was at his ur- 
gent request that it was dispensed with. The com- 
mittee of the town however, accompanied him to Hamp- 
ton; where he was met by a deputation from Ports- 
mouth, and conducted on his intended route. When 
passing through Greenland, a procession of the citizens 
was formed, by which he was attended through the 
villages. Here he was welcomed also by salutes from 
an artillery company, by civic arches and repeated ac- 
clamations of the assembled people. One of the arches 
was supported by two young ladies, representing Lib- 
erty and Peace. One presented him a wreath, adorn- 
ed with flowers, and said, " Venerable sirp^ condescend 
to receive this emblem of the hero's glory^ as the token of 
a natiotPs gratitude and /«f(?." The other presented 
him the olive branch, saying, " Good and faithful ser- 
vant^ peace and happiness await you.^'' He received 
these with complacency, took each young lady by the 
hand, and made an affectionate reply. 

He then proceeded toPortsmouth, where he arrived 
about noon. He was conducted into this town by an 
escort on horseback, and a procession of carriages, (the 
whole extending two miles) composed of the civil, judi- 
cial and legislative authorities ; officers of the United 
States and of New-Hampshire, &c. kc. The margins 
of the avenue leading to the centre, ©f the town, wa^ 



I 86 MEMOIRS OF LA FAVETTE. 

lined with children, with the inhabitants of both sexeS 
in the rear ; who greeted him with their cordinl wel- 
comes and repeated acclamations. Salutes were fired, 
and the bells rang- a joyous peal ; and the streets 
through which the procession passed, were crowned 
with arches, decorated with wreaths of evergreen and 
garlands of flowers. The procession moved through 
several streets to Franklin Hall : and here, when Gene- 
ral La Fayette alighted, the chairman of the selectmea 
addressed him thus :■ — 

" Sir, 

"The selectmen of Portsmouth, in behalf of their 
fellow citizens, most respectfully and heartily bid you 
welcome. 

" Enjoying, as we do, the happiness of a free gov- 
ernment, we cannot but feel grateful to all, by whose 
exertions it was obtained. Those intrepid men among 
ourselves, who in the hour of danger stood forth in de- 
fence of their country's rights, have a lasting claim up- 
on our regard. But in contending for the liberty of 
their country, they were striving to secure their own 
happiness, and the prosperity of their children. They 
found a motive for exertion in their own interest; 
which, while it derogates nothing from the value of 
their services, places in a strong light, the pure zeal 
and contempt of private advantage, which led you to 
our aid, from the shores of a foreign land. Their love 
of liberty was necessarily the sentiment of patriotism ; 
yours was an ardent desire for the general welfare of 
mankind. 

'' After an absence of forty years from our country, 
most of which have been passed in scenes of unexam- 
pled excitement and perplexity, it gives us peculiar 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 187 

pleasure <o find )'ou still the firm and consistent friend 
of liberal principles. We have watched the progress 
of your eventiul life, with unaffected sympathy ; and 
whether at the head of the National Guards, in the 
dungeons of Magdeburg and Olmutz, or in the Cham- 
ber of DepuUes, we have found nothing to lessen oup 
esteem for the early Jriend of America. 

" Permit us then to receive you as our guest ; and (o 
pay you such honors as are in our power to bestow. 
They are the voluntary tribute of warm and grateful 
hearts. We wish our children to learn, that eminent 
virtue affords the highest claim to honorable distinc- 
tion ; and that among a free people, merit will not fail 
of its appropriate reward. 

"• We beg you to accept our sincere wishes for your 
health and happiness, and our prayers will be oiTered, 
that your example may animate the wise and good in 
every nation, to contend mani'ully and perse verin^-^lv 
lor the freedom and happiness of the world." 

To which the General made the following reply:— 

*• Gentlemen, 

" It would have been to me an inexpressible 
gratification on this first visit to the eastern parts of the 
Union, after so long an absence, to have been able to 
present the several towns of New-Hampshire with my 
personal respect, and to have witnessed the gre^t im- 
provement of a State, to which I am bound by early 
sentiments of attachment and gratitude. 

" Obliged as I find myself, to take a southern course 
towards the seat of government, at W^ashington, I am 
happy to revisit at least the town of Portsmouth, where 
the remembrance of past favors, mingles with most 
grateful feelings for your present affectionate and Q^t- 
tering reception. • 



188 MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. 

*'I thank you, gentlemen, for your constant concern 
in my behalf, during the vicissitudes to which you are 
pleased to allude. The approbation of a free, virtu- 
ous and enlightened people, would be the highest re- 
ward for any one who knows how to value true glory; 
still more so, when it is bestowed on an adopted son. 

" To the citizens of Portsmouth and their worthy 
selectmen, I offer my most respectful and affectionate 
acl< nowledgments." 

Gov. Morril gave him the hearty welcome of the 
State, in the following address : — 

'-' General, 

'» Forty years have rolled away since you 
left this asylum of liberty, for your native country. Dur- 
ing this eventful period our cities have advanced, and 
villages have been reared ; but our Langdon, our Cilley, 
our Poor, our Sullivan, and our Washington have pass- 
ed from the stage of human action, and are gone to the 
land of their fathers. Although they are gone, their 
sons survive, and the patriotism and love of liberty 
which animated their breasts and excited them to those 
glorious acts, during our revolution, in which you, sir, 
shone so conspicuously, are now cherished in the bo- 
soms of their posterity ; — and we rejoice to be num- 
bered among them ; — and in the name of the patriotic 
citizens of New-Hampshire generally, allow me to say, 
that it is with no ordinary emotions we receive and 
welcome you to our State. 

" We receive you, sir, as the friend of our nation, of 
liberty, and the rights of man. 

" We welcome you as the magnanimous hero, who 
in early hfe, from the most pure and disinterested mo- 
tives, quitted your native country, and repaired to these 



MEMOIRS OP LA FAVETTE. 189 

Colonies, then the seatofw^r, (contending for Inde- 
pendence) to embark in the struggle for th? preserva- 
tion of those rights, and the achievement of those pri- 
vileges, which are more precious to the patriot than 
life itself And, sir, it is our ardent desire, that the 
gratitude of Republics, but more especially of the Re* 
public of the United States and the smiles of Heaven, 
may rest upon you to the last per:od of your lite." 

The General, in his characteristic reply, alluded 
very aflfectionately to his departed associates ; and the 
interesting changes which have taken place since he 
left the country It is nut necessary to add, that he 
expressed with emotion his acknowledgments for the 
cordiality of his welcome. 

There was a very splendid ball in the evening, in 
honoi of La Fayette, which he attended, and where a 
great number of ladies were presented to him. He 
left Portsmouth, 1 1 o'clock at night, to return to Bos- 
ton, having engaged to be there on Thursday mot ning. 
While at Portsmouth he received pressing invitations to 
visit Exeter and Dover, but was obliged to decline 
them. He reached Boston about 7 o'clock, Thursday 
morning; and after taking some necessary repose, he 
received a number of revolutionary officers and soldiers ; 
and deputations from several towns in the interior, 1}^- 
ing on his rout to Connecticut. He then repaired to 
the Council Chamber, and took leave of the Governor 
and other members of the Supreme Executive : and 
afterwards set off for Lexington and Corict»rd, and 
thence to Bolton on his way to Worcester. He left 
Boston at about tw«» o'clock, in a carriage proviiled by 
the State for his accommodation, and attended by the 
committee of arrangements of the city, and by the 



190 MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTH. 

Governor's aids, vrho waited on him to the bounds of 
Connecticut. When he left the City, he expressed the 
gratification and delight he had experienced from the 
interesting recollections which had occurred to his mind, 
and from the great cordiality and affection with which 
he had been received. The Mayor assured him^ that 
he and others were happy in the opportunity they had 
to manifest their attachment and respect to the earlj' 
and faithful friend of the nation, and the firm and uni- 
form friend of civil liberty. 

When he passed through West Cambridge, the wholi 
population of the town were assembled to honor the 
friend and guest of the nation, and to gratify their pat- 
riotic feelings by beholding this justly celebrated per- 
sonage. Artillery corps stationed on the eminences 
adjoining the public road saluted him as he passed ; and 
the country rung with loud huzzas and joyful acclama- 
tions. At the line of Lexington, he was received by a 
troop of horse and cavalcade of citizens, who conduct- 
ed him into that ancient town. On his way, he passed 
under an arch, bearing this inscription — ^^ Welvome^ 
friend of America^ to the birth place of American liber- 
ty ^ Salutes were again fired, and he was tjien con- 
ducted to the monument erected in memory of the at- 
tack of the British troops upon the militia of that place, 
April 19, 1775. He was here welcomed and addressed 
by one of the citizens in behalf of the town. Near the 
monument, he was introduced io fourt em of the militia 
company, which had assemiued at that time, and on 
whom the regular troops fired, when eight of the num- 
ber ^vere slain. 

After this very interesting scene, General La Fayette 
proceeded to Concord, and was met at the line between 



:mbmoir« of la fayette. i^t 

that place and Lexington, by a committee of the town 
and a respectable cavalcade of the inlelligeut yeoman- 
ry of the vicinity; there was ulso an escort composed 
of several companies of militia The procession, thus 
formed, moved i'orward to the villa5?;e, and jhe distin- 
guished visiter was conducted to a spacious bovver pre- 
pared for his reception, and tastefully dec'.>rated w ith 
evergreens and flowers by the ladies of Concord. As 
he entered the villag-e, he received a salute from ihe 
artillery corps, and the vocal salutations of the inhab- 
itant? of both sexes, who had assembled to present h m 
iheir grateful offerings. Ffae peals of the village bell 
prolonged the acclamations of the admiring throng. 
The following inscription was to be seen in a conspi- 
cuous place in the arbor — '• In 1775, ihe people of Cour 
cord met the enemies of liberty ; In 1824, they welcome 
the bold asserter of the rightt ofman^ La Fayftte." A 
sumptuous repast was provided for the occasion ; an(i 
the tables were covered with all the delicacies the 
•season and country could afford. 

When General La Fayette had entered the arbor^, 
one of the citizens addressed him by the following 
speech :— - 

"The inhabitants of Concord, by this delegation, 
welcome you, General, to their village. We thank you 
for affording us an opportunity here to offer our hum- 
ble tribute of gratitu;le for servic-'S long since render- 
ed, but still held in lively recollection. You, sir, now 
behold 'he spot on which the first forcible resistance 
was made to a system of measures calculated to de- 
prive the whole pe ;ple of these States of the privile- 
ges of freemen. You approved this resistance. A 
4ust estimate of the v^iue of rational liberty led fo% 



m2 MEMOIRS Oi' LA J-AYETTE. 

clisinterestedly, to participate with strangers in the toikj 
the privations, and the dampers of an ard'iou*; contest. 
From the 19th day of April, 1775, here noted in blood, 
to the memorable day in Yorktovvn, your heart and 
your sword were with us. 'i'en millions of grateful 
people now enjoy the fruits of this strua^gle. We can 
but repeat to you, sir, the cordial, affectionate, respect- 
ful welcome ofFered you at your first arrival on our 
shores, and which we are assured wi'l be Ft iterated 
wherever you move on American gfround." 

The General was, as usual, ex remely happy in his 
replv, and alluded with sensibility to the memorable 
scenes of \pril 19, 1775. 

The ladies of Concord and vicinity were present at 
this civic and patriotic repast; and it added much to 
the interest and splendour of the scene. Coffee was 
served up, as a counter part of the entertainment ; and 
La Fayette appeared to be highly pleased, with the 
hearty reception which he met in this hospitable town. 
Some revolutionary characters called upon him here, 
who had not before seen him since he arrived; and 
were received with great cordiality. He spoke of the 
gun which had been shov/n him in Boston, l»y an in- 
habitant of Concord or vicinity, and which was first fir- 
ed against the ministerial troops of Britrun. He said, 
*' it was the alarm gun to all Kurope and to the world. 
For it was the signal, which summoned tho civilized 
world to assert their rights, and to become free." 

The visit at Concord was necessarily short us he bad 
engaged to pas-^ the Liight at Bolton, about twent3' miles 
distant. He b-ft Concord at snn-set ; and was escorted 
on his route to Ho!* on, by a company of cav^ilry and 
Several gentlcmun of distinction beiongiijg to tiiat place 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 19S 

«¥i(I vicinity. He was every where greeted by the peo- 
ple, who collected in coiipanies at vatioas places, to of- 
fer him their hearty welcome, i he houses on the roid 
were illuminated, and bonfires were kindled on the ad- 
joining hills. The militia of Bolton were assembled to 
receive him, though it was late in the evening when 
he arrived. The selectmen offered him their saluta- 
tions and welcome in the name of the town. He pass- 
ed the nisjht at the hospitable mansion of Mr. W , 

where ta^te, variety and elegance contributed to ren- 
der his reception very distinguished Mr. W had 

resided much in France, and was particularly acquaint- 
ed with La Fayette and family. Committees from Lan- 
caster and V^ orcester w tited ;>n him at Bolton, to learn 
his plans and the probable hours of his being in those 
p aces, and to communicate the desires of the people 
to {>resent him their tribute of affection and regard. 
Ho visited Lancaster early on Friday morning, where 
ail class^ps of the inhabitants were assembled to bid him 
welcome, and to express the affectionate sentiments 
by which their glowing bosoms were animated, s corps 
of cavalry still escorted him — a national salute was fir- 
ed — and the turnpike gate, at the entrance of the vil- 
la^^e, was ornamented with garlands of flowers and ev- 
ergreens, and displayv d this inscription, "-^ 'iV FRfis 
welcome the Brave " He was conducted through iines 
formed by the citizens of both sexes, to an elevated 
platform, prepared in the centre of the villare. and 
near the church ; where he was addressed by the Rev- 
erend Pastor — 

" General La Fayette. 

" In behalf of the inhabitants of Lancaster, I oOfer 
you their cordial congratulations on your arrival la a 

a 



194 MEM ©IRS dF LA PAYETTE. 

country, whose wrongs jou felt and resented ; whose 
liberties you vaUantly defended ; and whose interests 
and prospects have always been dear to your soul- 

" We all unite with the few surviving veterans, who 
were with, loved, and respected you on the high places 
of the field, in giving you a welcome to this village, 
once the chosen residence of savages, and the scene of 
their most boasted triumph ; and rejoice that you visit 
it under the improvements of civilized hfe. in prosper- 
ity and peace. 

" It gladdens us, that we and our children may be- 
hold the man, whom we have believed, and whom we 
have taught them to believe, was second only to his 
and our friend, the immortal Washington. We partici- 
pate in your joy, on beholding our institutions in vigor, 
our population extended, so that, since you left us, from 
a little one we have become millions, and from a small 
band a strong nation ; that you see our glory rising, 
our republic placed on an immoveable basis, all of 
which are in part, under Providence, to be ascribed to 
your sacrifices, dangers and toiis. 

" We wish you health and prosperity We assure 
you that wherever you shall go, you will be greeted 
by our fellow countrymen, as one of the chief deliver- 
ers of America, and the fi iend of rational liberty, and 
of man. It is especially our prayer, that on that day 
in which the acclamations and applauses of dying men 
shall cease to reach or affect you, you may receive 
from the Judge of character and Dispenser of imperish- 
able honors, as the reward of philanthropy and incor- 
ruptible integrity, a crown of glory which shall never 
fade." 

It is unnecessary to add, that this eloquent and pious 



MEMOIRS OF LA PAYETTE. If 5 

greeting excited strong emotions in the General, and 
had an impressive effect on the assemblage who heard 
it. 

The following is a report of General La Fayette's 
reply :— 

" Accept my thanks, sir, for the kind welcome 
you have offered me in the name of the inhabitants of 
1 Lancaster. In returning to this country after so long 
an absence; in receiving such proofs of gratitude and 
affection wherever 1 go; in witnes'sing the prosperity 
of this land,— a prosperity you are pleased to say, I 
have been instrumental in promoting; — I feel emotions 
for which no language is adequate. In meeting again 
m}^ former friends, in seeing the children and grand 
childreii of those who were my companions in the war 
of the revolution, I feel a gratification which no words 
can express. I beg you to accept, sir, and to offer to 
these people, my grateful, my affectionate acknowledg- 
ments." 

In passing through Sterling and Boylston, he was sa- 
luted by the artillery companies in those respective 
towns, and hailed by the cordial salutations of the peo- 
ple, who crowded from the neighbouring country to be- 
hold the man, whom all delighted to honor. The 
whole population seemed to be in motion ; and both 
old and young were eager to offer him their personal 
greetings. Several arches were thrown across the 
public road, at short notice ; but indicative of the grate- 
ful dispositions of the citizens. This motto was observ- 
ed on one of them — '' JVelcome La Fayette, friend qf 
AVashington, and adopted son of America.'^'^ 

His entree and reception at Worcester was highly in- 
teresting. He remained in this vilhige several hours. 



iSS MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

The taste and wealth and patriotism of this flourishing 
shire town were unitedly and spontaneously put in re- 
quisition to prepare due honors for the " nation's guest." 
The number and neatness of the military, arches spa- 
cious and highly ornamented, extensive lines of the cit- 
izens and of youth expressing their gratitude in frequent 
and loud acclamations — all conspired to render the 
scene particularly brilliant. Here, as in other places, 
the ladies were eager to manifest the high estimation, 
in which they held the character of this eminent friend 
of liberty and virtue. He was addressed with great 
eloquence and feeling, by Judge Lincoln, in behalf of 
the citizens of the town and county of Worcester. 

" General La Fayette, 

" The citizens whom you see assembled around 
you, have spontaneously thronged together, to offer 
you the tribute of their affection, their respect, their 
gratitude. 

" In the name of the inhabitants of Worcester, the 
shire of an extensive county of more than 75000 popu^ 
lation, in behalf of al! who are present, and in anticipa- 
tion of the commands of those, whom distance and want 
ef opportunity occasion to be absent from this joyous 
scene, I repeat to you the salutations, which elsewhere 
have been so impressively offered upon your arrival 
in this country, and your visit to this Commonwealth. 
Welcome, most cordially welcome, to the presence of 
those who now greet you ! 

''^ Your name, sir, is not only associated with the 
memorable events of the American n volution, with the 
battle of Brandy wine, the retreat from Valley To ge, 
the affair near Jamestown, and the triumph at York- 
town ; but the memorials of your services and our obli* 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 197 

gations exist, in the Independence of the nation which 
was accomplished, in the government of the people 
which is established, in the institutions and laws, the 
arts, improvements, liberty and happiness which are 
enjoyed. The sword was beaten into the ploughshare, 
to cultivate the soil which its temper had previously 
defended, and the hill-tops shall now echo to the sea 
shore the gratulations of the independent proprietors of 
the land, to the common benefactor of all ranks and 
classes of the people. 

" Wherever you go, General, the acclamations of 
Freemen await you— their blessings and prayers will 
follow you. May you live many years to enjoy the 
fruits of the services and sacrifices, the gallantry and 
valor of your earlier days, devoted to the cause of free- 
dom and the rights of man; and may the bright exam- 
ples of individual glory and of national happiness, which 
the history of America exhibits, illustrate to the world, 
the moral force of personal virtue, and the rich bless- 
ings of civil liberty in republican governments." 

The General, in reply, said in substance, '^ That he 
received with much sensibility, the expressions of kind 
attention with which he was received by t.e inhabi- 
tants of the town and county of Worcester ; that he was 
delighted with the fine country which he had seen, and 
the excellent improvement n! cultivation which he 
witne^^s rd; that he saw the best proofs of a great, pros- 
perous and happy people, in the rapid advancement of 
Vie polite and useful arts, and in (he stability of our free 
institutions ; that he v.as especially much gratified in. 
the great improvements of the fiice of the country, be- 
eause he was himself a farmer; that he felt happy to 
observe such decided proofs of industry, sobriety and. 
^2 



198 MEMeiRs «r la payet'Ee. 

prosperity. — He begged the citizens to be assured of 
his affectionate and grateful recollection of their recep- 
tion of him; he thanked them for all thej had mani- 
fested towards him, for the kind expressions which had 
been offered him by the committee, and, in a feeling 
impressive manner, reciprocated their goed wishes." 

Speaking to an individual of the attentions he had 
received, he observed. "It is the homage the people 
pay to the principles of the government, rather than to 
myself" 

The inhabitants of Sturbridge and other places 
through which General La Fayette passed, on his way 
to Hartford, in Connecticut, assembled in their respec- 
tive towns, and presented him the ready homage of af- 
fectionate and grateful hearts. Companies of artillery 
fired salutes ; ladies and gentlemen gathered round him 
to bid him welcome to America, and to express their 
deep and lively sense of his past services; and mnny 
veterans of the revolutionnry army pressed upon him, 
without ceremony or introduction, expecting, as they 
found, a friendly and cordial reception. 

General La Fayette was received at Hartford, in 
Connecticut, where he arrived on Saturday morning, 
with similar marks o'' affection and esteem to those so 
cordially bestowed on him in the towns he had already 
visited. He was expected by the citizens on Friday 
evening, and arrangements were made for a general 
illumination. He \\fi^ escorted into the city by the 
military, and a large procession of the citizens receiv- 
ed him soon af er he entered within its bounds, and con- 
ducted him to the State House, where he was addressed 
by the Mayor of the city, who as^sured him of the affeC' 
iionate welcome, with which the people received him^ 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE?. 1^9 

and reterred to the past services of La Fayette, which 
were stiil highly appreciated. And he expressed great 
happiness i»i bthoiding- so many proots of the prosper- 
ou« state of the country, and in witnessing- the invalua- 
ble effects of Gur free institntions. The greater part 
of the inhaljitanis of both sexes were personally pre- 
sented to him ; and there was an assemblage of chil- 
dren of about eight hundred, the misses all dressed in 
white, wearing ba :ir - with the motto, '^ JSUms vous ai- 
mo)is L\ Fayette." A gold medal was presented him 
hy one of the children, which was enclosed in a papei 
containing th< se lines. 

Welcome thou to freedom's clime, 
Glorious Hero ! Chief sublime ! 
Garlands bright for thee are wreath'd, 
Vows of filial ardour breath'd. 
Veteran's cheeks wiih tears are wet, 
'' Aows vous aimon'i La Fayette." 

Monmouth's ti'^ld is rich Vvilh bloom, 
Where thy warriors found their tomb. 
Yorkiown's heights resound no more, 
Victor's shout or cannrns roar, 
Yet our hearts record their debt, 
" We do love you La Fayette.*' 

Brandy wine, whose current roll'd 
Proud with blood of heroes bold. 
That our co ntry's debt shall tell, 
That our gratitude shal' swell, 
Infant breasts thy wounds regret, 
'' We do love you La Fayetie." 



5^00 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

Sires, who sleep in g-lory's bed, 
Sires, wiiose blood for us was shed, 
Taught us, when our knee we bend, 
With the prayer thy name to blend ; 
Shall we e*er such charge forget ? 
No ! — " A''oi(s vous aifuons La Fayette.*' 

When our blooming cheeks shall fade, 
Pale with time, or sorrow^s shade, 
When our clustering tresses fair 
"" Frosts of wintry age shall wear, 
E'en till memory's sun he set, 
" We will love you La Fayktte." 

In comparison with the population of Hartford, & 
greater portion of his revolutionary companions 
were here presented to him. than in any place he had 
visited The number was nearly one hundred. These 
marched before him, in the procession, in a connected 
column and attended by their own music. It is hardly 
nec'S-a y to say, that their beloved general gave them 
am^^s* Co dial greeting. By one of the citizens, a sash 
and pair of epaiiels were produced, which were worn 
by La Fayette when he entered the American army. 
'J'he sash was stained with blood from his wound receiv- 
ed in the battle of Brandy wme. He left Hartford late 
in the aTternoon, and proceeded to Middietown, where 
he embarked in a steam boat for New-York. The 
citizens of this place regretted, that he could nol pass 
some time with them ; and receive the attentions, 
which their grateful f{>elings would induce them to be- 
stow on a zealous and able friend of American inde- 
pendence. 



MBMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 201 

HIS RKTURN TO NEW-YORK. 

General La Fayette reached New-York on the fol- 
lowing day, about noon; and was conducted to the City 
Hi.tel by the comoiittee of arfang'ements, who were in 
waiting to receive him, when he arrived at the wharf. 
Multitudes assembled, who greeted his return, and re- 
newed their joyful acclamations on meeting him again 
as a guest of thei- city. On Monday, the Cincinnati of 
the State of New-York gave a public dinner, in h«*nof 
of'' their old companion in arms," at which were also 
present several other persons of distinction, and the 
members of the City Council. This was the anniver- 
sary of the birth of La Fayette ; and the circumstance 
increased the interesting associations of the interview. 
The hall of meeting was richly decorated with appro- 
priate emblems, and portraits of some of the heroes of 
the revolution, and bearing the hallowed name of 
Washington. In the toasts given on this occasion, were 
allusions to the important events which occurred in the 
war of the revolution, and to many of the distinguished 
characters, who conducted it to a successful issue — 
Washington, Greene, Lincoln, Steuben, Knox, Gates, 
Clinton, Kosciusco. De Kalb, Hamilton and others. 

The first volunteer toast was by the President of the- 
Society, and was, " Our distinguished guest ;'' when f^ 
transparent painting was suddenly illuminated and un- 
veiled, and displayed a '' Welcome;" and over the 
head of La Fayette a beautiful wreath of flowers was 
suspended. He rose and said, — "' with inexpressible 
delight at our brotherly meeting, with my affection 
to you all, my very dear friends and companions in arms, 
I propose the following seotiment; The sacred priaei- 



2^02 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

pies for which we have fought and bled — Liberty^ equal" 
ity and national independence ; may every nation of the 
earth, in adopting them, dnnii a bumper to the old con- 
tinental army."* 

On the next day, he visited the pubUc Schools, the 
College, the Hospital, and Academy of Fine Arts ; and 
on Wednesday, embarked in a steam boat to view the 
fortifications in the harbor of New-YMrk. In the even- 
ing following, he attended the theatre, and was re- 
ceived with universal and repeated acclam.itions. Ma- 
ny eminent persons from distant parts of the United 
States visited New-York, at this time, for the sole ob- 
ject of meeting the celebrated Iriend of America. 
Among these were Mrs. Lewis, a niece oi General 

♦ Some of the toasts given by General La Fajette on other 
occasions ctre here reconled, as they are indicative (,f the opinions 
and entwnerits which piobahly predominate in his mind. At the 
pubhc dinuer in BostoM, oi the day of his arrival — ^' The city of 
Boston!, ihe cr<:-.(ile of nberty; may its proud Faneuii Hah ever stand 
a moiinaient to teach :he world that resistance to oppression is a 
duty, and vrili, under true republican institutions, become a 
hies ing." In the College Hill at the dinner of the Society of 
Phi Beta Kappa — " The Holy Alliance of virtue, literature and 
patriotism : it will prove too powerful for any coalition against 
the rights of man.'" At the military dinner on the Common in 
Boston, when the brniiant parade took place before mentioned — 
'' The patriotic troops who have paraded this daj, they excite 
the adtniratio.i of every bdnolder, and fi 1 the heart with delight." 
At the dinner given by the citizens of Salem — '« The town of 
Salem : may her increasing prosperity more and more evince the 
blessings of popular institutions, founded on the sacred basis of 
natural and social rights." And at Portsmouth, he gave that 
town, and added, *' may the blessings of republican inntitntions 
furnish a refutation of the mistaken aad selfish sophistry of Euro- 
pean despoiisra." 



MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. 2 03 

Washingfton ; and Mr. Huger of South-Carolina, the 
brave and generous youth, who attempted the Ubera- 
tion of La Fayette from the dungeon of Olmutz, at the 
imminent hazard of his own Wie ; and who suffered a 
long and severe imprisonment for his disinterested inter- 
ference. He also visited the widowed ladies of Generals 
Montgomery and Hamilton. Of the latter general, he 
was the personal and ardent friend. 

A public dinner was given to La Fayette by the 
French gentlemen residt-nt in New-York; many of 
whom were among the constitutionalists in France in 
1789; and who manifested equal respect and veneration 
for this distinguished confessor of regulated liberty, as 
the citizens of America. Several of the Aldermen of 
the city also gave splendid entertainments to the guest 
of the nation, who could jusUy claim to have acted an 
important part in the establishujent of our freedom and 
independence. 

He consented to attend the examination of several of 
the free schools — and appeared highly gratified by the 
evidences given of the improvement of the pupils. At 
one of the schools, consisting of 400 misses, after the 
examination, the following lines were chaunted by the 
pupils : 

Welcome, Hero, to the West, 
To the land thy sword hath blest ! 
To thti country of the Free^ 
Welcome, Friend of Liberty I 

Grateful millions guard thy fame, 
Age and youth revere thy name, 
Beauty twines the wreath for Iheej 
Glorious iSow of Liberty ! 



204 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

Tears shall speak a nation's love, 
Whereso'er thy footsteps move, 
B ' [he choral paan met — 
Welcome, welcome, La Fayette ! 

The African free school was not overlooked. While 
on his vi^it here, one of the trustees announced, that 
General La Fayette had been elected a member of the 
Manumission Society of New-York The truly vene- 
rable John Jay is President of this benevolput associa- 
tion. One of the children stepped forward, and ex- 
pressed their sense of the h'-nor of the visit, and of 
ther satisfaction in reflecting, that he was frien lly to 
the abohton of slavery. 

But the most splendid scene exhibited in this proud 
city, was the fete at Castle-garden. 1 his was an even- 
ing party and ball, at which six thousand ladies and •..en- 
tiemen were present. It was the most briUiant and 
magaitict'Dt scene ever witnessed in the United States- 
Castle-garden lies at a very short distance from Bat- 
tery-street, which is a spacious and elegant promenadCj 
on the soufh westerly part of the city. It was former- 
ly a fort, and is about one hundred and seventy- feet in 
diameter, of a circular or eliptical form. It has lately 
become a place of great resort in the warm season of 
the yeyr, Kvery tbini^ which labor and expence, art 
and taste could effect was done to render it convenient, 
showy and elegant. An awning covered the whole 
area of the garden, suspended at an altitude of seventy- 
five feet ; the columns which supported the dome were 
highlv ornamented, and lighted b;y an rm7/ie?i^c cut glass 
chandelier, with thirteen smaller ones jsppended. 

The General, made his appearance about 10 o'clock ' 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. ftOB 

when the dance and the song was at an end. The 
military band stru k up a grand march, and the Guest 
was conducted through a c "lumn of ladies and gen- 
tlemen to a splendid! paviUon. Not a word was spoken 
of gratulation- — so profound, and respectful, and intel- 
lectual was the interest which his pr<-sence excited. 
The interior of the pavilion which was composed df 
white cambrick, ornamented with sky blue festoons, 
was richly furnished. x\mong other interesting objects 
was a bust of Hamilton, placed upon a Corinthian pillar, 
and illuminated with a beautiful lamp. In front of the 
pavilion was a triumphal arch, of about 90 feet span 
adorned with laurel, oak, and festoons, based- upon pil- 
lars of cannon fifteen feet high. — A bust of \> ashirigton, 
supported by a golden eagle, was placed over the arch 
as the presiding deity. Within the arch was a symbolic 
pitinting nearly 25 feet square, exhibiting a scroll in. 
flcribed to Fayette, with the words :— 

'-^ Honored by the faithful PatrhtP'' 

Soon after the General mtered, the painting just al- 
luded to was slowly raised, which exhibited to the au- 
dience a beautiful transparency, representing La Grnnge, 
the mansion of I^a Fayette. The effect was as complete 
as the view was unexpected and imposing. another 
iubdued clap of admiration follow d this tasteful and 
appropriate and highly interesting display 

Universal harmony and good feeling prevailed ; and 
about half past one o'clock, the General left the Castle, 
and embarked on board the steam boat James Kent, in 
his excursion up the North River, amidst renewed and 
piolonged acclamiiti'>ns. Eighty sets of cot'ilions wore 
freqne itly on the floor at the same time. 

A writer concludes the account of this fete thusj 
S 



206 MEMOIRS OF LA PAYETTE. 

*' Taking into view the immense space of the area, the 
gigantic ceiHng of which was lined with the flags of 
all nations, festooned in a thousand varied shapes, and 
the whole most brilliantly illuminated, we can safely 
assert that there was never any thing to equal it i? this 
country. 

'' 1 he sea's now erected around the area will accom- 
modate about 3000 persons. 

'' There were 200 servants employed on this occa- 
sion, drf ssed in white under clothe s, and blue coats, 
with red capes and cuffs. "" 

He did not arrive at West-Point urtil about noon 

t 
having been detained ?<ome hours on the passage, by 

the steam boat getting on the flats in a thick fog. Be- 
fore he rei'ched this memorable spot, and as he passed 
near the bank, of the Hiidson, the people collected ia 
great numbers, at several places, tendering him the 
he.trty welcome of freemen, and expressing, by loud and 
long acclamations, their joy at his presence. On his 
arrival at West-Point, the whole establishment were 
|n readiness to greet him. He was received under a 
national salute Generals Hrown and Scott of the ar- 
my of the United States were also here, to bid him wel- 
come, and bestow those honors due to the highest gen- 
eral officer in the national service, as vrell as to one 
wh » justly merited the nation's gratitude. He passed 
several hours at this celebrated spot; highly pleased 
with the appearance of the cadets, and with the evi- 
dences exhibited of improvements in military science. 
Thx'^ recollection of times long since gone by gave a 
deep interest to the visit at this memorsble post, some 
time the Head-Quarters of the American army; and 
the place where the infamous Arnold attempted t» 



MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. 20^ 

barter away the independence of the country. Some 
of the Cedets wear the swords presented by La Fayette 
to a corps of American troops in the war of the revo- 
lution. 

At a late hour in the afternoon, he proceeded up the 
river to Newburgh, where nearly 20,000 people were 
collected to greet him. They had been waiting his ap- 
proach with great eiij^ernes;*, and arrangements had 
been made to receive him with due honors, and expres- 
sive of their unbounded affection and regard. The late- 
ness of the hour prevented their being carried into full 
effect. A splendid ball was given, and a sumptuous re- 
past prepared ; and he was addressed in behalf of the 
town, by one of the principal citizens. Arches were 
throv/n across the princip?;! street, and most of the buil- 
dings were illuminated. He rea^retted, that he had not 
more tinie at Newburgh ; for this, too, is memorable, 
as the residence of Washington, and a part of the con- 
tinental army in t781. He embarked on board the 
steam boat, at twelve o'clock, and proceeded up the 
river, on his way to Albany. He reached Poughkepsie 
at the rising of the sun. But the militia were assem- 
bled, the banks of the river, and the wharves were 
crowded by a happy population, impatient to pre- 
sent their offerings of gratitude and esteem to their he- 
roic and benevolent visitor. 1 heir repealed cheers 
made the welkin ring. When he landed, he was re-, 
ceived by a battalion of the mihtia, in full uniform. 
A procession being formed, he was conducted through 
the most populous part of the town, to the city hotel, 
receivmg as he passed, the cn^istant greetings of the 
people. 

The spacious hall ia which breakfast was provided 



208 MEMoillS OF LA FAYETTE. 

for him. was tastefully ornamented and in various pub- 
lic places, mscriptions and mottos were displaj'ed, which 
were expressive of the affection and respect of the in- 
habitants for their distinguished guest. A number of 
his old companions in arms were presented to him, both 
at this place and at Newburgh ; among them was one 
who had served with much credit as an officer through 
the war, who was nnety-five years of age, with all his 
faculties unimpaired. 

The reception of La Fayette at Catskill, Hudson and 
Livingston's manor, was highly gratifying to him, and 
himorable to the sensibility and patriotism of the peo- 
ple. He was every where met with demonstrations of 
joy. The overflowing gratitude, the sutnptuous hospi- 
tality, the military pride, which were manifested wher- 
ever he paused, if but for an hour, were niw proofs of 
one universal feeling of affectionate attachment to the 
friend of Washington and adopted son of the nation. 

Very splendid preparations were made in Albany for 
his reception: and a great number of people had as- 
sembled from all the neighbouring towns. He did not 
enter the city till evening, which prevented in some 
measure, the brilliant honors which had been intended 
to be offered. A committee proceeded to meet him 
several miles from the city, and to conduct him on hi* 
way. The}' were attended by an escort of dr.igoons, and 
a great number ot the citizons in carriages. The roar 
of cannon announced his approach, and the houses in 
the city were at once illuminated. The procession 
moved on to the capitol, amidst the cheers and welcomes 
of 40 000 people. Geheral La Fayf^tte was here ad- 
dressed by the major of the cit}'; and being introduced 
to the governor, he also offered him the salutations of 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETllE. 209 

the state. A number of the revolutionary officers and 
soldiers were then presented to him. I he interchange 
ofgreeting-s w;is most affectionate between the parties, 
and m »st interesting to the spectators. A standard of 
Gansevort's regiment, which had waved at Yorktown, 
under the command of La Fayette, attracted particular 
attention among the numerous decorations in the Capi- 
tol In thte course of the evening, he was conducted 
to the splendid ball room, where the ladies appeared 
in all their attractions, and were andous to show their 
resp«'ct to the far-lamed hero, who almost fift}^ years 
ago, had devoted his life and his all, to the cause of 
America 

On the following day, many of the inhabitants of both 
sexes were introduced to him, at thecapitol. The old 
soldiers of the revolution were among them. One, 
when he took his hand, said, '' General, i owe my life 
to you ; I was wounded at the battle of Monmouth You 
visited me in the hospital — you gave me two gvuneas, 
and one to a person to nurse me. To this 1 owe my 
recovery, and may the blessing of heaven rest upon you." 

He afterwards visited Troy and the great canal, re- 
cently made in the state of New York, the commence- 
ment of which is not tar from the city of Albany. He 
was accompanied by the governor, Hon. De \^ itt Clin- 
ton, the chief projector and patron of this great woik, 
by a deputation of the city council, and several other 
gentlemen of distinction When passing to the canal, 
he was greeted with repeated welcomes by the people 
who crowded the streets and the public roads. I'he 
steam boat which he entered, was commanded by a cap- 
tain of the revolutionary army. V.n p-assing the arse- 
nal, he was saluted by three Jidd pieces captured at YarJ^-. 
s 2 



210 MF.MOIRS OF LAFAYETTE. 

town. Here he was also slvp^n fhp field train takeu 
from Burgoynp., an^il some French fiehl piece? which he 
was instrumental in procuring" to be sent to the United 
States, in 1779. At T«oy, he was received by a depu- 
tation of the city, and one of them addressed him in the 
name of the inhabitants ; referring to his meritorious 
services, and declaring the joy they experienced in be- 
holding him in this favoured land of peace and 
freedom. He also received an affectionate address from 
the Free Masons, and one still more affectionate from 
the ladie* of Troy, ihey bid him welcome, and ac- 
knowledged that to him, with others, they were indebt- 
ed for the blessings of social, and the joys ot domestick 
life. The misses of the academy were then presented 
to him, and sang a hymn pr< pared for the occasion. He 
made a short reply, but was so much affected, that it 
was not sufficiently understood to be preserved. He 
then returned to Albany, followed by the cheers and 
blessings of the people, who crowded about him on the 
water and on the land. 

In the evening he embarked on board a steam boat 
fo! the city of New York, ''amidst the melody of mu- 
sic, the shouts of the peonle, and the roar of cannon.'^^ 
His departure excited deep regret, but it was matter 
of joy, that they had had opportunity ti» present their 
offerings of respect, to such a pre-eminent friend of 
Ame ica. 

In the winter of 1777 — 8, General La Fayette was a 
short time at Albany, as commander of the troops sta- 
tioned in that quarter, after the capture of Burgoyne. 
There was a plan in contemplation at this time, to 
make an attack upon Canada, (see page 18) but it was 
■not prosecuted The recollection of this circumstance, 
DO doubt, added to the pleasure which swelled the joy-:* 



MEMOIRS ©F LA TaTETTE. 21 f 

ful hearts of theg:co(] people of Albany. For his con- 
duct in that department, a? fvell as on all other occa- 
sions, manifested his great regard for the comfort and 
the im.provement of the soldiers. When he first arriv- 
ed, he was not verj cordially received ; he was young, 
being then only about twenty; and they were full of 
respect also for their viclori< us general Gales. But 
his attention was immediately given to impi ove the con- 
dition of the troops ; he was constant in his personal 
anxiety to provide clothes, provisions and comfortable 
quarters for them, of which they were sadly deficient. 
He visited the hospital, and furnished cordials for the 
sick, from his own private resources ; and was also du- 
ly careful of the discipline and order of those, who were- 
able to perform military duty, i he feeling of the sol- 
diers was soon changed ; they became personally and 
warmly attached to him, in a short time, and man}', at 
this day, have a deep and grateful remembrance of his 
kindness as a man, as well as of his fidelity and energy 
as an oflScer. 

Geneial La Fayette passed three days in the city of 
New. York, on his return from Aibnny, The society of 
Free Masons gave him a public d^nner, which was un- 
commonly sumptuous and splendid, an 1 the mayor of 
the city entertained him with distinguished hospitality. 
Wherever he appeared, many of the citizens attended 
him, and all expressed their joy at his presence. One 
©fthera presented him a cane, worn by Franklin, and 
left in his will to Washington. 

He left New York on Thursday, the 23d of Sep- 
temb^-r, attended by a deputation of the city and the 
Soci' tj of Cincinnati. When he reached the shore of 
New Jersey, the Governor of that state was ready to 



912 , MEMOIRS or LA FAYETTE. 

receive him. He bid him welcome in the name of the 
state, and oflfered hin' his own cordial salutations. He 
was conducted on his way by squadrons of horse, and a 
Inrge cavalcade of the citizens, r.nd his progress was 
announced by frequent salutes. His reception at New- 
ark was unusually splendid ; three thousand infantry 
and five hundred cavalry were paraded and reviewed 
by him. A spacious bower was p.- epared to receive him, 
which Was highly ornamented, and he was addres-^ed 
by the Attorney General of the state. After partaking 
of a collation, he proceeded for Elizabethtown, accom- 
panied by the governor, with a military escort. A pro- 
cession of the citizens was formed to receive and con- 
duct him into the centre oftlie city; arches and bow- 
ers were erected, military parade exhibited, salutes 
were fired, and bells were ringmg ; the people cheer- 
ed, the ladies welcomed him ; collations were prepar- 
ed, and public officers were eager in their attentions 
and assiduities. 

Pursuing his route towards Philadelphia, he reached 
J^~ew Brunswick the nextdny, and the day following, ar- 
rived at Princeton, He waa detained on his way, at 
several places, by the earnest solicitations of th^ peo- 
ple, who werp desirous of manifesting the grateful sense 
they cherished of his me itorious ser.ices jmd exalted 
worth. At Princeton, he wis met by a deputali n from 
7V: ^,'^ n, a place rendered memorable by the victory 
which General Wash'ngton obta -lad over a hrg? bo !y 
of the British troops in December \1'6, when he had 
under his command a much smallei number, many of 
which were militia. He was escorted to that place by 
the citizens and a company of cavalry, as in oher parts 
©f his journey. When he arrived, he was addressed by 



SIEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. JIS 

the mayor, in a very affectionate manner. We caa 
Only furnish the followincf extract 

" To r< ceive upon this spot, where your Friend, our 
illustrious Washington, raised the first successful har- 
rier ag:unst the lelentless tide of oppression, which, in 
the eventful period of sevenly-six, was rolling over our 
country; the hero who, in the succeeding stages of oup 
revolutionary struggle, acted so conspicuous a part, and 
contributed so essentially to its glorious termination, 
cannot fail to awaken the most agreeable sensations. 
Next to our beloved Washington, there is no name en- 
twined with de» per interest in the hearts of Jer eymen, 
than La Fayettk — None, which they will transmit t© 
their posterity, encirch d with a wreath of nobler praise, 
or embalmed with the incense of purer love, than that 
of tne interesting stranger who eml)arked his life and 
fortune upstn the tempestuous ocean of our revoliitirn— 
and who fought at Brandy wine at Monraou'h and at 
Yorktown, to procure for vmericans, those biessmgs 
you now see them so fully, and we trust, so gratefully 
enjoy." 

The following is the General's answer to the address 
at Princeton : — 

''• Gentlemen, 

'* VV hile the name of this city recalls impor- 
tant militar}^ r« membrance, it is also connected with that 
of the illustrious college, which, in diffusing knuwleJge 
and liberal sentiments, has grisatiy contributed to turn 
those successes to the advantage of public liSetty. Your 
library had been destroyed ; but your princ.ples were 
primed in the hearts of Xm^rican patriots 1 feel much 
©biigrd, sir, to your kind recollection of the diploma, 
which the signature of my respected friend Doctor 



214 MEMOinS Ot LA FAYETTE'. 

Witherspoon, renders still more precious to me; anc! I 
beg you, gentlemen, and you, interesting grand sons of 
my contemporary Iriends, to accept my affectionate ac- 
knowledgments." 

The civic arch reared at Trenton to his honor, was 
the same, which 35 years before, was erected to re- 
ceive the revered Washington. — A sumptuous dmner 
was served up to him, his family, and the deputations 
which attended on him. He spent ihe evening vvitii his 
brother-soldiers of the Cincinnati, and other revolution- 
ary worthies. 

On the Sabbath he attended divme service in the 
forenoon, and visited Joseph Buonaparte in the after- 
noon. The latter apologized for not oiakin]^ the first 
call, on the ground that it would necessarily involve 
him in public association.s, which it was his duty and 
bis wish to arcid. — lie added, "• / am in achersity and 
misfortune — Yoiu Generah ere fall ef honor and glory, 
and deserving of both.'" 

After passiug the Delaware, thirty miles from Phila- 
delphia, he was met by the Govemax" of Pennsylvania 
and suite, with an escort of two hundred and Miy cav- 
alry. Ft>r his accommodation, a splendid barouche was 
provided, drawn b}' hva cream coloured lofty steeds, 
" The guest of the nation entered its former capitol" 
about noon, on '1 iiesday, the 2Sth of September. 
When the Governor met La Fayette, as above men- 
tioned, he welcomed him to the State in the following 
address : — 

" General La Fayette, 

" The citizens of Pennsylvania behold, with 
the most intense feeling and exalted regard, the illus- 
trious friend and companion of Washington. 



ilEMOlRS OF LA FAYETTE. 215 

the highest veneration and 
gratitude, we receive the early and great benefactor of 
the United States; the enlightened statesman, philan- 
;hropist and patriot of both hemispheres 
" ' he sincere and univ. rsal joy which your arrival 
IS diffused over the nation, is no where more deeply 
:>v enthusiastically felt, than in Pennsylvania ; whose 
fields and f^treams are rendered memorable by yonr a* 
chiavemenis; vvhoce citizens were the followers of 
your standard, and the vvitnes«?es oi your sacrifices and 
toils, in Xne defence of Xmerican hberty. 1 he evt>nt- 
ful scenes of your u 'eful life are engraven c^n our 
hearts. A Da'ion bus n-joiced at your successes, and 
sj'mpathized wv-Xi your sorrows. 

'•'• With ardent piea^'ire we have ever observed your 
strenuous exertions as the friend of man ; and whilst 
your great services, reniiered in tiie cause of humanity, 
have commanded our admiration, the purity of your 
motives has insured the love and affection of Ameri- 
cans. 

" With the best feelings of the heart we n<.w ap- 
'i proach you, with the assurance that, if any thing could 
I add to our happiness on this interesting occasion, it 
I would be the hope of enjoying the distinguished honor 
\ of your permanent residence amoncj us. and that a long 
i and splendid life of usefulness may be closed in the 
State, whose soil has bc-en moistened with your blood, 
generously shed in the cause of virtue, liberty and in- 
dependence. 

Answer of General La Fayette. 

" On the hfippy mom nt, long anrl eagerly wished 
for, when I once more tread the soil of Pennsvlvania, I 
find in her affectionate welcomcj so kindly expressed 



216 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

by' er first mas^istrnte, a d»^ar recollection of past ih 
Tors and a new soHrc of delightful gratifications. Vhe 
very names of this state and her capitol, recall to the 
mind those philanthropic and liberal sentiments, which 
have marked every step of their progress. 

" Pennsylvania has been the theatre of most impor- 
tant events ; a partaker in the arduous toils and meri- 
torious sacrifices, which insured the success of our glo- 
rious and fruitful revolution I particularly thank you, 
sir, for your gratifying mention of my personal obliga- 
tions to the Pennsylvanian line ; nor will I ev^rfo get^ 
that on Pennsylvania ground, not fiir fr=»m this spot, I 
enjoyed, for the first Time, the delight to find myself 
under American tents, and m the family of our beloved 
commander in chief Nou, sir, Pennsylvania is in full 
possession, and reaps all the prosperities and happy 
•onsequences of that great national union, of those spe- 
cial institutions, which by offering in a •^elf governed [)eo- 
ple the most perfect example of social order that ever 
ex -t d have reduced to absurdity and ridicule the anti- 
popular arguments of pretended statesmen in other 
Countries. In whatever way I may he disposed of by the 
duties ami feelings, in which you have been plens m1 to 
sympathiSp. I shall ever rank this day amonar the most 
fortunate of n y life ; and, while I beg you. sir, per- 
sonally to ccept my cordial acknowledgements, I offer 
through you ;: ivibnte of profound g;Tatitude and resp t- 
ful devotion to the citizens of Pennsylvania '' 

His entrance into t'le fair citv, f unded bv the wise 
and benevolent Pt'nn., is described as most maarnificent 
in all its accompaniments. I he population poured 
forth to m^^et him at an e irly hour. CarriaTes, ho.se- 
m^a and pedestrians filled every avenue for a distance 



MEMOmS OF LA FAYETTE. 217 

©f five miles ; and the windows and stagings were 
thronged with ladies eager to welcome him. Just at 
the entrance of the city, a division of militia, composed 
ofcavalry, artillery and infantry, was drawn up in a hol- 
low square, on a piece of land of about forty acres, to 
receive the P.itriot Hero, whose approach was an- 
nounc.:d by a salute of 100 rounds of artillery. La Fay- 
ette, uncovered and standing up in the barouche, was 
seen by the whole field. The car of Saladin could not 
have exceeded that of La Fayette. The troops were 
nearly six thousand. After the review, which the 
general made on foot, he received the saluting honors 
in his barouche. 

The line of march into the city was then taken up. 
It extended nearly three miles, and pa?sed through 
Bumerous streets. More than !^ix hours were consum- 
ed in proceeding from Frankfort to the State House, a 
distance of about four miles. A full description of the 
procession, and the decorated arches, &c. under which 
it passed, would occupy too great a portion of this vol- 
ume — We can only give the outline of the procession. 

'• A cavalc?\de of 100 citizens preceded ; followed by 
100 general, field and staff officers. Then came a' 
square of cavalij' ; a band of music, mounted, and a 
corps of 160 cavalry. Next a brigade of infantry, 
with flank companies. 

Committee of arrangements. General La Fayette 
and Judge Peters, in the splendid barouche. 

Then followed four other barou: hes, drawn by four 
horses each, with Governors Shuize and Williamson, and 
suites,the generaPs family, and distinguished individuals. 

Then thr^ e cars of large dimensions, containing 
120 revolutionary heroes and worthies, each car qIkii'- 
T 



218 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

acteristically decorated; bearing on their front 
" Washington," on the rear '' La Fayette,' and on the 
sides, "" defenders of our country f'''^ '' The survivors of 
1776." 

Then advanced 400 young men. After these the pro- 
cession of trades, led by a car, containing a bod_y of prin- 
ters at work at case and press — the latter striking off, 
and distributing, copies of an ode on the occasion — fol- 
lowed by the typographical society, with a banner, with 
the inscription: " La Fayette — the friend of universal 
liberty^ and the rights of the press.'''' 

Then followed 200 cordwainers (with banneis, bad- 
ges, emblems, 6oc. The other trades were also dec- 
orated ;) — 300 weavers; — 150 ropemakers ; — 150 
lads, unsformly dressed; — 100 shipbuilders; — 700 
mechanics of different professions, not enumerated ; — 
15C Coopers, with a car containing a cooper's shop, 
the workmen fitting staves and driving hoops : — Then 
came 150 butchers, well mounted and neatly dressed 
in their frocks ; — then 260 carmen, mounted, with a- 
prons trimmed with blue ; and a body of 150 riflemen, 
in frocks, dressed with plaids, leopard skms, &,c. A 
company of artillery, with two pieces; a brigade of 
infantry and the New-Jersey cavalry. A body of 
300 farmers closed the procession. 

Besides the above, there were the Red Men of the 
5tate, the La Fayette Association, the True Republican 
Society, the Washington and La Fayette Society ; and 
the German American Society. 

The appearance of the whole of this truly grand 
procession was august and imposing. As it passed, 
La Fayette ! La Fayette! sprang from the voices of a 
mjultitude. that rolled on, and on, and on. like wave 



MEMOIRS or LAFAYETTE. 219 

after wave of the ocean, in numbers we shall not pre- 
sume to name, (but which were estimated at 200,000.) 
La Fayette beat in every heart — La Fayette hung on 
every tongue — La Fayette glowed on every cheek — 
La Fayette gUstened on every swimming eye — La Fay- 
ette swelled on every gale. The whole city and coun- 
^U appeared to have arrayed themselves in all their 
glory, and beaut}', and strenglh, at once to witness and 
adorn the majesty of the spectacle ; and the lashionable 
part of the community seemed determined to exhibit 
the perfection of taste in the beauty of the decoration 
of their persons, and the richness of their attire. In 
Chesnut-strect wreathes were cast into the .barouche, 
as it passed, and many of them Were from the fair hauiU 
of the Quakeresses. 

After the procession had passed through the princi- 
pal streets,the front halted at the old State-House, which 
contains the hall in which the Dcciaration of Indepen- 
dence was signed in \17Q. 

Here the general alighted, passed under a most mag- 
nificent triumphal arch, and was conducted to the 
hall, which is 40 feet square and was decorated in the 
most splendid manner. Among the decorations was a 
statue of Washington, and portraits of William Fenn, 
Franklin, Robert Morris, Francis Hopkinson, Greene, 
W^iyne, M«*ntgomery, Hamilton, Gates, Rochambeau, 
Charles Carrol, M'Kean, Jefferson, Hancock, Adams, 
Madison, Monroe, and Charles Thompson. — The por- 
trait of Washmgton, by Peale, occupied the first place, 
and was the most splendidly decorated. Here were as- 
sembled the city authorities, the society of Cincinnati, 
the judges, officers of the army and navy, and the com- 
mittee of arrangements, all seated on superb sofas. 



229 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

The Governor of the State having been presented',. 
General La Fayette, Judge Peters, and George Wash- 
ington La Fayette were introduced, the company all 
standing. The Mayor of the city then welcomed the 
guest, in the following address : — 

'' General, 

" The citizens of Philadelphia welcome to their 
homes, the Patriot who has long been dear to their 
hearts. 

'^ Grateful at all times for the enjoyment of a free gov- 
ernment, they are, on this occasion, peculiarly anxious 
but unable to express a deep felt sentiment of pure af- 
fection toward those venerated men whose martial and 
eivil virtues, under Providence, have conferred upon 
themselves and their descendents, this mighty blessing. 

'^ Forty-eight years ago, in this city, and in this hal- 
lowed hall, which may emphatically be called the birth 
place of independence, a convention of men, such as the 
world has rarely seen, pre-eminent for talents and pat- 
riotism, solemnly declared their determination to assume 
for themselves the right of self-government ; and that 
they and their posterity should thenceforth assert their 
just rank among the nations of the earth. A small, 
but cherished band of those who breasted the storm and 
sustained the principles thus promulgated to the world, 
still remains — In the front rank of these worthies, 
history will find, and we now delight to honor. General 
La Fayette, whose whole lifa has been devoted to the 
cause of freedom and to the support of the unalienable 
rights of man. 

^'General — Many of your co patriots have passed 
fjway, but the remembrance of their virtues and their 
i^ervicesj shall never pa^s from the minds of this people ; 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 221 

their's is an imperishable fame, the property of ages 
yet to come. But we turn from the fond recollection 
of the illustrious dead to hail with heart-felt joy the 
illustrious living*, and again bid welcome, most kindly 
and ifTectionately welcome, to the guest of the nation, 
the patriot La Fayette." 

The general made the following answer: 

" My entrance through this fair and great city, amidst 
the most solemn and affecting recollections, and under 
all the circumstances of a welcome which no expreBsion 
could adequately acknowledge, has excited emotions in 
my heart, in which are mingled the feelings of nearly 
fifty years. 

" Here, sir, within these sacred walls, by a council of 
wise and devoted patriots, and in a style worthy of the 
deed itself, was boldly declared the independence of 
these vast United States, which, while it anticipated 
the independence, and f hope, the repuhlicin inde- 
pendence, of the whole American hemisphere^ 
has begun, for the civilized world, the era of a new 
and of the only true social order founded on the una- 
lienable rights of man, the practicability and advantages 
of which are every day admirably demonstrated by the 
happiness and prosperity of your populous city. 

'• Mere, sir, wtis planned the formation of our virtuous . 
brave, revolutionary army, and the providential inspi- 
ration received, that gave the command of it to our be- 
loved, matchh'Ss Washington. But these and many 
other remembrances, are mingled with a deep regret 
for the numerous coten»poraries, for the great and good 
men whose loss we have remained to mourn. — It is to 
their services, sir, to your regard for their memory, to^ 
your knowledge of the friendsiiips I have enjoyed, that 
T 2 



222 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

I refer the greater part of honors here and elsewhere 
received, much superior to my individual merit. 

*'' It is also under the auspices of their venerated names, 
ss well as under the impulse of mj oWn sentiments, that 
I beg you Mr. Mayor, you gentlemen of both councils, 
and all the citizens of Philadelphia, to accept the trib- 
ute of my affectionate respect and profound gratitude."" 
General La Fayette remained in Philadelphia a 
week ; and the repeated and constant attentions shown 
him by public societies and by distinguished individuals, 
were such as might have been expected from the cel- 
ebrated hospitality and civism of that city and such as 
was not unworthy of their eminent guest. '1 he gov- 
ernor of the state was attentive and courteous to him 
during his whole visit ; and other public functionaries, 
both civil and military, were eager of the honor of man- 
ifesting their great respect lor his character. '1 hat 
portion ofthe citizens, who belong to the religious so- 
ciety of Friends, appeared equally cordial and happy ia 
an opportunity to assure him of their esteem. It is 
not consistent with their principles to make a great 
parade, or to prepare expensive and useless ceremo- 
nies. 'Ihey did n»jt all approve ofthe plan of illumi- 
nation. In the wish to have it general, some ardent 
citizens censured the friends for declining to do it— 
But this was a mistaken zeal. The religious opinions 
and conscientious scruples of all classes of people are 
entitled to respect. It would have been altogether ur^ 
justifiable, had there been an attempt to force the 
friends into the measure. They are a very respectable 
class of citizens; and we trust, that for no purposes of 
parade or ceremony, they wjU ever be required to vio- 
late their consciences, or be subjected to insult for 
anv non-vompliance. 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE.- 22fr 

The following lines were written by one of that re- 
ligious society, on the occasion, and cannot fail to be 
acceptable to every liberal mind, 

TO LA FAYETTE. 

O I think not our hearts void of gratitude's glow, 
For the friend of -'ur country, for liberty'' s friend ^ 

Tho' we do not with others loud praises bestow, 
The kind hand of friendship we fre* ly extend. 

We welcome thee back to the land where thy name, 
In boj^hood we lisp'd. and in manhood revere ; 

Tho' we bind not thy brows with the chnpiet of famej 
Accept, beloved guest, a warm tribute — a tear! 

Yes — a tear of affection which starts to the eye, 

When tracing thy storm-beaten pathway through life ; 

That th}^ principles pure could ambition defy, 

Thy humanity prompt thee to stay the tierce strife. 

In thee we behold not the chieftain whose sword 
Delighting in bloodshed is ever unsheath'd ; 

But the friend of mankind, whose mild actions afford 
A proof that hi-s lips no hypocrisy breath'd. 

Then welcome once more to the land where thy name 
In boyht'Od we lisp'd, and in manhood revere ; 

Tho' we twine not thy brows with the war-wreath of 
fame, 
Accept, beloved guest, a warm tribute — a tear. 

While iQ Philadelphia, General La Fayette visited 
I the navy yard. The Governor accompanied him in this 



2^4 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

visit, and he was also attended by a large escort and 
procession. He was addressed by commodore Barron, 
in a ver}^ appropriate and feeling manner. A great 
number o!' ladies were presented to him at the commc- 
dore''s quarters. On his return, he attended a splendid 
entertainment provided fo him by the Free Masons A 
ball was also given in honor oi La Fayette, while he was 
in Philadelphia, the most brilliant and the most numer- 
ous ever known in the city. The Miss Bollmans, 
daughters of Dr. Bollman. who generously attempted 
the rescue of La Fayette from the prison at Olmutz, 
were present. « n one day, 2000 children assembled at 
the State House to be presented to him ; and one of 
them addressed him. The scene was said to be uncom- 
monly interesting. — I'he foliowing was his reply to the 
address of the Frs^nchmen in Philadelphia: — 
" My dfar countrymen, 

" Amidst the enjoyments with which my heart 
is filled in this happy country, I experience a very 
great one in seeing myself surrounded by the testimo- 
nies of your friendship It was in the Hall in which I 
now receive you, that the sacred sovereignty of the 
people was rec gnized by a French Minister, eleven 
years before it was proclaimed on the 11th of July, 
1789, in the bosom of the Constituent Assembly. You 
are right in thinking that this first impulse of 1789, has, 
notwithstanding our misfortunes, greatly meliorated the 
situation of the French people. I participate in your 
wishes and your hopes for the freedom of our country. 
This hope is well founded, these wishes will be fulfill- 
ed. In the mean while I am happy in tendering to 
you this day the expression of my lively gratitude and 
tender affection.'^ 



MEMOIRS OF LA FATETTE. fttSf 

We give here also the address of Captain Barron t6 
La Fayette, when he visited the navy yard near Phiia* 
deiphia : — 

** General La Fayette, 

'^ Co receive you at this naval station with 
the highest honors, is not less in obedience to our in^ 
structions, than to the impulse of our hearts. 

" We rejoice in the opportunity of testifying to yoxh, 
and to the world, our gratitude to one distinguished a- 
mong that band of glorious heroes, to whom we are in- 
debted for the privilege we now enjoy. 

''You, sir, whose whole life has been devoted to the 
extension of civil liberty, must at this period be en- 
riched by leeUngs which rarely fall to the lot of man. 

" Turning from the old world, whose excesses have 
heen almost fatal to the cause of liberty, to the new, 
where that cau^e has prospered to an unexampled de- 
gree, you see a proof, that political liberty is not vi- 
sionary. 

" The soldier will here behold the nation for which 
he has fought, not exhausted by his triumphs, nor sac- 
liticed to idle ambition, but raised by his valor to liber- 
ty and independence ; and while enjoying these bless- 
ings themselves, securing them for the remotest pos- 
terity. 

'* The patriot will here see a people, not distracted 
by faction, nor yet regardless of their political rights, 
making the most rapid strides to true greatness, and 
displaying in their happiness and security, the wi*dom 
and power of institutions engraved on their hearts. 

'' To you, sir, the soldier and patriot, we offer this 
cheering picture ; and if ever you can be recompensed 
for your generous devotion to us in our revolutionary 



226 IJIEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

struggle, it must be in the pleasure with which you 
witneKSS our national happiness. 

" Permit me then, dear General, to assure you that 
among the ten milUons that bid you welcome, none do 
it with more sincerity than those of the navy " 

Answer of General La Fayette. 

" The extraorclinary honors of which an American 
yeteran is now the happy object, I consider as being 
shared in common with my surviving companions ; and 
for the greater part, bestowed as an approbation of the 
principle, and a tribute of regard, to the memory of the 
illustrious patriots with whom I have served in the cause 
of merica and mankmd. 

*' It is with the most lively feelings of an American 
heart, that 1 have sympathised in all the circumstances 
relative to the United States' Navy, and proudly glori- 
ed in the constant superiority of the American flag over 
an enemy, justly renowned for bravery and maritime 
skill. 

" I am happy, my dear Commodore, in your affec- 
tionate welcome ; but vvhattiver may be my feelings of 
personal gratitude to the Navy of the United States, I 
feel mj^self under still greater obligations to them, for 
the honor they have done to the American name in 
every part of the globe." 

The 5th of October, La Fayette left Philadelphia, 
on this journey to the south, by the way of Wilming- 
ton, Baltimore and Washington. He passed the Bran- 
dywine, and entered Wilmington, the capital of Dela- 
ware, on the 6th about noon. He was received with 
demonstrations of lively gratitude and joy ; and a sump- 
tuous repast was provided for him. He then proceed- 
ed to Newcastle in that state, and was present at the 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. ^27 

Biarria^e of Colonel V. Dupont, formerly one of his 
aids in France. From this place he proceeded to 
Frencht wn, where he was received by the aids of the 
Governor of Maryland, with a battahon oF h^rse as an 
escort for their honorable guest. He was waited on, 
also, by deputations both civil and military, from the 
city of Baltimore, each of which offered him their cor- 
dial salutations in the name of those whom th^y repre- 
sented. General iiarper was at the head of the mili- 
tary deputation ; a-d having- given him a hearty wel- 
come, introduced i.is brother officers, amounting to two 
hundred. Several revolutionary officers and soldiers, 
whij had repaired to this place for the pleasure of aa 
early meftin?, were also introduced to him. The joy 
of the meeting was reciprocal. Among the many for- 
mer personal friends, he met here with M. Du Bois 
Martin, who procured the ship in which La Fayette 
first came to America in 1777. The interview must 
have been extremely interesting. 

La Fayette embarked at French town in the steam 
boat United States, for Baltimore, furnished for his ac- 
commodation by that city. "On his arrival in the river, 
columns of smoke in the direction of Baltimore, an- 
nounced to those on board, the approach of a squadron 
of steam boats ; and in three quarters of an hour the 
Virginia, the Maryland, the Philadelphia, ike. swept 
gallantly by. two on either side, crossed immediately 
under the stern of the United States, and took their po- 
sitions en echeUon, The Maryland and Virginia then 
came close along side, their decks crowded with spec- 
tatois, who saluted the General with continued shouts. 
The wuole fleet then proceeded slowly up the river, 
all elegantly decorated with flags, closed into the cen- 



228 MK^a^OIRS «F LAFAYETTE. 

tre as it passed the narrows opposite Fort M'Henrj, 
and dropt anchor, forming a semi-circle near the north- 
ern shore. 

Just as the anchor \va!« let go a signal gun was fired, 
and a squ-.idron of eight green and white barges, which 
had been awaiting the coming of La Fajette, shot a- 
cross the bows of the United States, and pas«sing round 
in regular order under the stern, came along side to 
receive the passengers. The first was handsomely 
carpetted and cushioned, manned by masters of ves- 
sel;-, and mteuded for La Fayette. 

The General embarked in this boat amidst the re- 
peated cheering of all around, and pushing off made 
way f r the others, which took on board the commit- 
tees and proceeded in order to the wharf 

The General was received on the wuarfbythe com- 
mander of the garrison, and proceeded to the star fort. 
The Governor of the State was here introduced to the 
General, who addressed him, to which the General 
made a feeling reply. He was afterwards conducted to 
the tent of Washington by Governor Stevens, within 
which he was received by the society of Cincinnati. 
The scene was impressive. As soon as the first emo- 
tions had sub-iided, the hero of the Cowpens, Colonel 
Howard, Pitesident of the society, addressed the Gene-, 
ral, who, in reply, said language could not express his 
feelings. He then embraced his old companions in 
arms. The General and invited guests then retired to 
an adjoinmg marquee, and took refreshments; after 
which he w.is seated in an elegant barouche, attended 
by Mr Carroll, and Generals t*mith and Howard, drawn 
by four black horses, with two postillions in white .-^jlk 
jacketSj blue sashes and black velvet caps, led by lour 



MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETTE. S2S 

grooms similarly dressed. At the outer gate, the proces- 
sion was received by about 1000 cavalry. On passing 
Federal Hall, as; lute was fired. Descending the hall, 
the procession passed under an elegant arch, and an- 
other at the head of Market-street, where his friends 
left the carriage, and the General alone proceeded 
down the military line, in presence of thousands of both 
sexes. 

After this he descended at the Exchange, where he 
wa'* received by the Mayor and Councils, with an ap- 
propriate address and answer. He thence proceeded 
in his carriage to Light-street, across which,' at tht« en- 
trance into Market-street, an elegant pavilion had been 
erected, and where he was received by a fine military 
assemblage. Here there wps a truly splendid ceremo- 
ny, in presentment by the Mayor, to the General, with 
Pulaski's standard, made during the revolutionary war 
by a Moravian Nun, at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, which 
belonged to Pulaski's legion, raised in Baltimore in 
1778. In 1779, Count Pulaski was mortally wounded 
a^ the attack on Savannah ; and these colors, at his de- 
cease, m 1780, descended to the Major, who was sabred 
to death in South Carolina. The venerable Paul Ben- 
, talou, Esq. now marshal of the district of Maryland, 
and at that time captain of the first troop of light drag- 
oons, and senior surviving officer, inherited the standard 
of the legion, which he ha? preserved with great care 
'to this day, with ail the fond recollections and attach- 
ments of the veteran soldier. 

In the evening, the city was brilliantly illuminated, 
and many of the public and private buildings exhibited 
appropriate transpyrencies. 

On Friday, hundreds of citizens were presented to 
U 



230 11EM©IRS OF LA FAYBTTt;. 

the General, in the Hall of the Exchange ; and in the 
afternoon he dined with the Mayor and Corporation. 
In the evening, he attended the ball and supper given 
to him by the citizens, which was truly splendid, and 
occupies many columns in the description. 

The General wa^ also waited upon, and addressed 
in the most feeling manner, by the French residents, to 
whom he replied in the most affectionate manner. 

At seven o clock in the evening the General was re- 
ceived at Masonic Hall, by the Grand Lodge of Mary- 
land, in the presence of eight hundred brethren. The 
General dined with the Cincinnati on Saturday. On 
Monday he was presented with a medal from the young 
men of Baltimore, with inscriptions expressive of their 
gratitude. He afterwards presented several colors to 
the fifth regiment, under ( o'onel Stewart, in his be- 
half, which were received with the highest military 
honors. The General then reviewed the regiment. — 
At eleven o'cli>ck he left his lodgings, and proceeded 
in his barouche to Whetston Point, for the purpose of 
reviewii)g the third division, under the command of 
Major General Harper. He partook of a splendid mil- 
itary banquet. Hc^ honors on leaving thr city were 
mngnificent as those of his reception. He dt^parted 
under escort on Monday, over the V\ ashington turnpike. 
He was to pass the night 30 miles from Baltimore, and 
enter Washington ci'y f>n Tuesday at noon." 

In no city which General La Fayette visited, had he 
met with a more cordiai welcome, ur a more splendid 
leceptio,., than in l>altimore. \ll were desirous to do 
him honor and to express their feelings of gratitude 
and respect for the guest of the nation. Many inlerest- 
hig- recollccticns must have been brought to his m^ndj 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE, 231 

when in this city. It was here he passed some time in 
1781, when he commanded the American Hght infantry 
in that quarter — when the British had a large army in 
the vicinity and our troops were destitute of clothing, 
and in a state of great despondence By his own per- 
sonal influence and responsibility, he obtained a loan 
here for the use of his troops, which was necessary to 
their comfort, and served to render them in a measure 
contented with their situation. The adtlress of his old 
friend Colonel Howard, in behalf of the ('incinnati of 
Maryland, who were assembled in the Tent of Wash- 
ington to receive his adopted son, and their beloved 
brother soldier, was as follows : — 

" General, 

" A few of your brother soldiers of Mar} land, 
who remain after a lapse of forty years, and the sons of 
some of them who are now no more, are assembled in 
the Tent of Washington, to greet you on your visit to 
the United States; and to assure you of their affection- 
ate and sincere regard. This Tent will call to your 
recollection many interesting incidents which occurred 
when 3'ou associated in arms with Washington, the pa- 
triot and soldier, saviour of his country, and friend of 
your youth. 

*• Accept, General, our cordial sentiments of esteem 
for you, and of gratitude ibr services rendered by you 
to ourcountry^ — services which will never be forgotten 
by the free and happy people of the United :^tates.^' 

To which General La Fayette replied — 

" The pleasure to recognize my beloved companions 
in arms; the sound of names, whose memory is dear to 
me ; this meeting under the consecrated TciU, where 
we so often pressed around our paternal commander in 



^o2 MFMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

chief; excite emotions which your sympathizing hearts 
will better feel than 1 can express. This post also no- 
bly defended in the late war, whiie it brings the affect- 
ing recollection of a confidential friend in my military 
family, associates with the remembrance of the illustri- 
ous defence of another fort, in the war of the revolu- 
tion, by the friend now near me. [Colonel Smith.] It 
has been the lot of the Maryland line, to acquire glory 
in instances of bad as well as of good fortune ; and to 
whom can I better speak of that glory, than in address- 
ing Colonel Howard ? My dear brother soldiers, my- 
feelings are too strong for utterance. I thank you most 
affectionately." 

The meeting of this Society was rendered peculiar- 
ly interesting, — there being present, besides many other 
worthy veterans of the revolutionary army, Colonel 
John E. Howard, the celebrated hero of the battle of 
the Cowpens, January 1781, to whom Congress present- 
ed two medals, in testimony of his singular bravery — 
General (formerly Colonel) Samuel Smith, who brave- 
ly defended Mud-fort, and many years senator in Con- 
gress ; and Paul Bentalou, Esq. now marshal of Mary- 
land district, who was the senior captain of light drag- 
oons, belonging to Pulaski^s legion, in 1778. Here al- 
so the very venerable Charles Carroll, one of the sign- 
ers of the declaration of independence, was introduced 
to La Fayette. 

We give also an extract from the address of Govern- 
or Stevens, to the General. 

" Sir, 

''In bidding you a hearty welcome to the state of 
Maryland, whilst I gratify the feelings of my own 
heart, I express, though feebly, those of the people. 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. ^33 

whom it is my pride and pleasure, on this occasion to 
represent. Beneath this venerable canopy, many a 
time have you grasped the friendly hand of our illus- 
trious Washington, aided his council with your animat- 
ing voice, or shared with him the hardy soldier's meal. 
The incidents which the association so forcibly recalls, 
however inspiring, it were needless to dwell upon. 
The recollection of them fills the mind with gratitude; 
a full measure of which is justly due to you, as the 
generous companion of our fathers, the gallant and dis- 
interested soldier of liberty. — You are about to enter 
the city of Baltimore, which you have kno\yn in other 
days. In her growth and embellishment, you will be- 
hold a symbol of our national prosperity, under popu- 
lar institutions and a purely representative government. 
— Welcome, thrice welcome, General, to the soil of 
Maryland. Nothing which we can do, can too strongly 
express to you the affection and respect which we en- 
tertain for your person and your principles, or the joy 
with which we receive you among us, as a long absent 
father on a visit to his children." 

To this address La Fayette replied — 

" While your Excellency is pleased so kindly to 
welcome me in the name of the citizens of Maryland, 
the lively gratitude, which this most gratifying recep- 
tion cannot fail to excite, associates in my heart, with 
a no less profound sense of my old obligations to this 
state, both as an American General and a personal 
friend. I am happy, sir, to have the honor to meet 
you in this fort, so gallantly defended in the late war, in 
presence of the brave colonel of the worthy volun- 
teers, whose glory on that occasion 1 have enjoyed with 
the proud feelings of an American veteran. It was by 
u 2 



234 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

a Maryland colonel in the year 1777, that the British 
received, in the gallant defence of an important fort, 
one of the first lessons of what they were to expect 
from American valour and patriotism. The Maryland 
line, sir, in the continental army has been conspicuous, 
not only in days of victory, but on days either unfortu- 
nate or dubious. This tent, under which I now answer 
your affectionate address ; the monument erected to 
the memory of our great and good commander in chief; 
the column of a later date, bearing testimonies of a glo- 
rious event ; my entrance into a city long ago dear to 
me, and now become so beautiful and prosperous; fill 
my heart with sentiments, in which you have had the 
goodness to sympathize, 

"Accept, sir, the tribute of my respectful and affec- 
tionate gratitude to the citizens of the state,, and their 
honored chief magistrate." 

There was an incident connected with General La 
Fayette's escort to the boundary of Baltimore, which 
deserves to be particularly noticed. The cavalry troop 
was commanded by Samuel Sprigg, Esq. who, two 
years ago, ended a full term of service in the capacity 
of Governor of the state of Maryland, of which he was 
Captain-General and Commander in Chief Returned 
to private life, a wealthy planter, in the midst of all that 
can render life easy and pleasant, he is proud of resum- 
ing his character of a citizen, and becoming a member 
of a troop of horse, in which he enrols himself with his 
neighbours, who choose him their commander. In 
that capacity, he has had the pleasure of receiving Gen- 
eral La Fayette at the boundary of his county, and es- 
corting him through it. This incident, we say, deserves 
to be noted as a fine practical illustration of the princi- 
ples of republican government. 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 239 

General La Fayette arrived in the city of Washing- 
ton, according to previous arrangement, about 1 o'clock 
on Tuesday the 12th. 

About 9 o'clock, on Tuesday morning, the General 
and suit left Kossburg, and proceeded to the District of 
Columbia, at the line of which he wb.s met by the 
committee of arrangements from the city of Waihing- 
ton, and a number of revolutionary officers, ef^corted by 
a handsome troop of city cavalry, and a company of 
Montgomery cavalry. The meeting of the General 
with his revolutionary compatriots, and with the com- 
mittee, was affectionate and impressive in the extreme. 
After many embraces were exchanged, the General 
was transferred to the elegant landau provided by the 
city for his use, drawn by four line greys, in which he 
was accompanied by Major General Brown and Com- 
modore Tingey, members of the committee ; and his 
son George Washington La Fayette, his Secretary, Col. 
Vassieur, and Mr. Custis, of ArlingtoD,vvere placed in 
another carriage provided for the purpose. The whole 
then advanced to the city, Capt. Sprigg's compsny in 
front, the remaining companies proceeding and flanking 
the carriages containing tho; General, his suite, the 
committee, &c. On rising to the extensive plain which 
stretches eastward from the capitol to the Anacosta 
river, the General found himself in front of the most 
brilliant military spectacle which our city ever witness- 
ed, being a body of 10 gr 1200 troops, composed en- 
tirely of volunteer companies of the city, George- 
town, and Alexandria, some of them recently organiz- 
ed, clad in various tasteful uniforms, and many of 
them elegant beyond any thing of the kind we have 
before seen. Brigadier Generals Smith and Jones 
were in the field with their respective suits, and the 



236 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

field officers of the first brigade. These troops, 
together with the large body of cavalry, the vast 
mass of eager spectators which overspread the 
plain, and the aninnation of the whole, associated with 
the presence of the venerated object of so much curi- 
osity and affection, gave a grandeur and interest to th.e 
scene which has never been equalled here on any ibr- 
mer occasion. After the General had received the 
respects and welcome of our military chiefs, the whole 
body of troops took up the escort, for the capitol, 
wheeling into column, in East Capitol-street, and then 
into line upon the leading division. The General and 
suite then passed this line in review, advancing to- 
wards the capitol, and receiving the highest military 
honors as he passed. 

After the military procession had reached the east 
end of the market house, on Kast Capitol-street, which 
was handsomely adorned with proper emblems, and the 
Declaration of Independence, above which perched a 
living eagle of the largest size, the committee of ar- 
rangements and General La Fayette and suite alighted 
from their carriages and preceded by the committee, 
the General and suite passed through the market house, 
which on each side was lined with anxious and delight- 
ed spectators, to the east entrance of the Capitol Square, 
over which was thrown a neat arch, decorated with 
evergreens and other ornaments, v/ith appropriate la- 
bels, expressive of the esteem and gratitude of the ci- 
tizens to the national guest; on the pinnacle stood an- 
other eagle. On entering the gate, the General was 
met by a group of 25 young girls, dressrid in white, in- 
tended to represent the 24 States and the District of 
Columbia, each wearing a wreath of flowers, and beac- 



imMOIP.S OF LA FATETTE. 231 

ing in her hand a miniature national flag, with the 
name of one of the States inscribed upon it ; wh^n the 
one representing the district advanced and arrested his 
progress, and, in a short speech, neatlj and modestlj 
delivered their welcome to the nation's guest. After 
which each of the young ladies presented her hand to 
the General, which he received in the most affection- 
ate manner, and with the kindest expressions. He 
then passed a double line of girls, properly dressed, 
from the schools, wh© strewed his way with flowers. 
Leaving the girls, he passed lines of the students of 
the colleges and seminaries, with their respective ban- 
ners, and a company of Juvenile Infantry, dressed in 
uniform, and armed in a suitable manner ; and then 
the younger boys from the schools. Ail these form- 
ed a numerous and highly interesting assemblage. Ar- 
riving at the north wing of the Capitol, the General 
was conducted by the committee of arrangements 
through the great door, up the grand staircase, into th© 
central rotunda of the Capitol, which though of im- 
mense size, was filled with ladies and gentlemen ; and, 
through it, received, on every side, demonstrations of 
the most ardent and grateful respect. On leaving the 
the rotunda, he passed under the vencirable tent of 
Washington, also tilled with ladies, revolutionary offi- 
cers, and other gentlemen, to the front of the portico 
of the Capifoi, neatly carpeted, on which was erected 
the tent. He was introduced to the Mayor, who in* 
troduced him to the Mayor of Georgetown, the mem- 
bers of the corporation, and other gt?nt]emen pres- 
ent, when advancing to the fD<nt of the portico, in the 
presence of many thousand spectators, the Mayor deliv- 
ered an address, to which the Geperal replied. 



£38 SiEMOiRS OF LA FAYETTE,' 

The General was then invited by the Mayor of 
Georgetown to visit that town, in a chaste and neat ad- 
dress. 

To which the General repUed, in a few words, that 
Georgetown was an old acquaintance of his, where he 
had found many valuable and esteemed friends, and he 
would visit it with the greatest delight, and thank its 
citizens for their kind ngards. 

After this, John Brown Cutting, Esq. at the request 
of the comuHitee of arrangements, and in behalf of him- 
self and other revolutionary officers, deliveresi a short 
address and complimentary poem, in a handsome and 
appropriate maaner. 

After having mvde a reply to this address, the Gen- 
eral was introduced to some other gentlemen ; and was 
then conducted by the Mayor, attended by ihe commit- 
tee wf firrangements,in the way by which he had ascend- 
ed, to the front door of the north vving of the Capitol, 
wh«M'e the military passed in review bf fore him, saluluig 
as they passed immediately alter hi'«; reception m tne 
portico, a grand salute was fired in the ne ghbor]ioo(i of 
the Capitol, by acomp.ny of Alexandria artillery. The 
review being finished, the '>J-yor ascended the landau 
w th the General, attended by Gen. Brown and Com. 
Tingey, and ^he procession was resumed in the same 
order as before; and passing through Pennsylvania 
Avenue, proceeded to ttie president's house In this 
pnssyge the streets were lined with sp. ctators ; but 
t. 7 most pleasing siglit was the windows on each side 
oi it tilled with ladies, in their best attire and looks, 
bestowMig, with beaming eyes, their benedictions on 
the beloved Chief, and waving white handkerchiefs, as 
tokens of their happiness. 



MEMOIRS OF laA FAYETTE. 239 

©n passing the centre market, another salute was 
fired fr.«m a battery south of the Tiber, by a company 
©f artillery. 

The General, with his son, the Mayor, committee of 
arrangements, &c. thus e.^corted, having reached the 
President's house, (distant fren^ the Capitol more than 
a mile) passed into the gate o[ the enclosure, and thence 
to the portico of the mansion. The General, on alight- 
ing, was there received by the Marshal of the District 
of Columbia, and, supported by Gen. Hrown and Com* 
Tingey, and accompanied by the Mayor and others of 
the committee of a; rangements, was. with his son con- 
ducted into the drawinj^ room where the President was 
prepared to receive him. 

The President, stationed at the head of this circular 
apartment, had on his right hand the Secretary of State 
and the Secretary of the Treasury, on his left the Sec- 
retary of War and the Secretary of the Navy, and, 
ranged on each side the room, were the other gentle- 
men invited to he present at this interview '1 he whole 
ntimber of distinguised persons present being fifty or 
sixty. 

On the General's reaching the centre of the circle, 
the P' esident advanced to him, and gave him a cordial 
and affectionate reception, such as might have been ex- 
pected fr «m the illustrious representative of the Amer- 
ican people, to one of those early friends of theirs, 
whom, like himself, they delight to honor. 

After the interchange of courtesies between the 
guest and the President, he was welcomed by the 
Heads of Departments. Between him and Mr. Craw- 
ford with whom he had in France an intimate ac- 
quaintance, the meeting was that of old and affectionate 



^40 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYE'JTE. 

friends : and by all he was respectfully and kindly 
greeted. >'ubsequently, the General was introduced in 
succession, by the Chief of each Department of the 
Government, to the officers attach d to each. Liberal 
refreshments were then offered to the company, and 
fifteen or twenty minutes were spent in delightful con- 
versation After which the General took his leave, 
well pleased with his reception, and, remounting the 
landau, [)roceeded to rejoin hi^ escort. 

Retiring from this affecting scene, the General pass- 
ed in review, and was saluted by the vhole body of 
troops, which had been wheeled into line, and extend- 
ed from the President's square to the Gener.J's quarters. 
On his alighting, he expressed his thanks to ihem for 
the honor bestowed on him, and then another grand 
salute was fired by a company of artillery : after whi<.h, 
the mihtary were dismissed. He retired, for a short 
lime, to his private room ; and, when he returned into 
public, was, with his suite, introduced to a great num- 
ber of citizens, anxious to express their heartfelt res- 
pect to the disinterested champion of their country'^ 
liberty. 

To an address from the ^'ayor, full of fine feeling, 
the General made the following reply: — 

*' The kind and flattering reception with which I am 
honored by the citizens of Washington, excite the most 
lively feelings of gratitude ; those grateful feelings, sir, 
at every step of my happy visit to the United States, 
could not but enltance the inexpressible delight 1 have 
enjoyed at the sight of the immense and wrnderlul im- 
provements, so far beyond even the fondest anticipa- 
tions of a warm American heart; and which, in the 
«pace of forty years, have so gloriously evinced the su- 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 241 

perioiity of popular institutions, and self government, 
over tbe too imperfect state of political civilization, 
found in every part of the other hemisphere. In this 
august place, which bears the most venerable of all 
ancient and modern names, I have, sir, the pleasure to 
contemplate, not only a centre of that constitutional 
Union so necessary to these States, so important to the 
interests of mankind ; but also a great political school, 
where attentive observers from other parts of the 
world may be taught the practical science of true so- 
'cial order. 

" Among the circumstances of my life, to which you 
have been pleased to allude, none can afford me such 
dear recollections, as my having been early adopted as 
an American soldier ; so there is not a circumstance of 
my reception in which I take so much pride, as in shar- 
ing those honors with my beloved coiupanions in arms. 
Happy I am to feel that the marks of affection and esteem 
bestowed on me, bear testimony to my perseverance in 
the American principles I received under the tent of 
Washington, and of which I shall, to my last breath, 
prove myself a devoted disciple. I beg you, Mr- May- 
or, and the gentlemen of the Corporation, to accept my 
respectful acknowledgments to you and to the citizens 
<jf Washington." ^ 

To the address and poem presented by John Brown 
Cutting, Esq. the General ma ?e the following reply : — 
" While I embrace you, sir, and makft my acknowl- 
edgments to those of our revolutionary comrades, in 
whose name you welcome me to this metropoiis, be 
assured that I reciprocate those kind expressions of at- 
tachment, w'nch from them are peculiarly gratifying. 
And although, in doing this, it cannot be expected that 
V 



242 IBEMeiRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

I should command such beautiful language as you em^ 
ploy, yet I speak from the bottom of my heart, when I 
assure you that the associations of time and place, to 
which you allude, exalt the interest which I shall ever 
feel in your prosperity, and that of every meritorious 
individual whd belonged to the revolutionary army of 
the United States." 

After the ceremony of the procession, &c. a public 
dinner was provided at which the Mayor of Washing- 
ton presided, assisted by the Presidents of the boards of 
Aldermen and the Comm.sn Council ; and at which were 
present, the heads of departments, revolutionary offi- 
cers, niiti'ary and naval officers of the United States, 
members of the City Council, and many distinguished 
characters from difft^rent parts of the nation. 

His reception by Mr Monroe President of the United 
States, was most cordial and honorable. He called on 
the President the day of his arrival in Washington, as 
before mentioned. The next day he wan with Mr. 
Monroe both at breakfast and dinner, and on Thursday, 
the President gave a public dinner in honor of La Fay- 
ette, at which were present, the Heads of Departments, 
many distinguised public characters from various parts 
of the United States, and the principal officers of the 
army and navy. While in Washington, he also visited 
the Secretaries of State, of the Treasury, fnd of War, 
and Major General Brown, of the United States army. 

Gen. La Fayette I ode over to Georgetown, on Thurs- 
day, having been earnestly invited by the Mayor and 
corporation to visit the city. And the citizens demon- 
strated their gratitude and joy on the occasion, by a 
military escort, and a respectable procession. But the 
most acceptable offering was such as he had receivexl 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 240 

ki all other places, the spontaneous and cordial saluta- 
tions of the whole people. On Friday, he visited the 
nav}' yard, by invitation of the veteran Commodore 
Tingey, His reception here was remarkably brilliant 
and impressive ; he was accompanied by many distin- 
guished citizens and public functionaries ; and the at- 
tentions of the naval veteran were honorable to himself 
and highly gratifying to General La Fayette. He dined 
again, this day (Friday) with President Monroe ; and 
on Saturday proceeded on his proposed visit to Alex- 
andria, and Yorktown. He was accompanied as far as 
the Potomac by the Mayor and committee of arrange- 
ments from Washington, escorted by the Georgetowa 
cavalry. On the south side of the river, he was re- 
ceived by the deputation of Alexandria, attended by 
many other citizens, and several cMcers of the army 
and navy of the United States. He was received in 
Alexandria with the highest mihtary honors, and es- 
corted througli the town amidst the welcomes and 
and shouts of many thousands of inhabitants. A pub- 
lic dinner was given him; and the highest regard man- 
ifested by all clysses of people tor this disinterested 
friend of American freedom and independence. 

Sunday morning he visited the tomb of Washington, 
at Mount Vernon, accompanied by Mr. Custis, the near- 
est male relative of that most distinguised patriot. La 
Fayette spent an hour at this hallowed spot, where, 
were deposited the mortal remains of his most res- 
pected friend, whom he loved, venerated and was ever 
desirous to imitate. It was a moment of sacred recol- 
lection ; and while the living patriot and hero reflected 
with mingled emotions of joy and sadness at the grave 
of one who was his leader and examplar, in youth, be 



TA4 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE." 

could not but anticipate, with deep solemnity, the ap« 
preaching period of his own departure. Mr. Custis 
here presented him with a ring* containing some of the 
hair of his immortal relative. General La Fayette then 
proceeded on his way to Yorktown, where he arrived 
on Monday ; and was received with great demonstra- 
tions of respect and joy. A steam boat was dispatched 
from Yorktown down the river to n>eet the United 
States steam boat, which had La Faj'ette on board. He 
entered the former near the mouth of the river, where 
he was received by the committee from Yorktown, 
and conveyed to that place, attended by four other large 
boats, crowded with citizens anxious to see and wel- 
come " the guest of the nation." One of the commit- 
tee addressed him, in a very affectionate and impressive 
manner, as soon as he came on board of the Virginia 
steam boat. A great concourse of people from the 
neighbouring towns were collected, and many from far 
distant places, together with the most distinguished 
public characters in the whole state of Virginia. There 
were also present on this occasion, many officers of 
high rank of the army and navy of the United States. 

Great preparations had been made by the citizens of 
Virginia, and by the state autliorities, to celebrate the 
anniversary of the capture of the British army, under 
Lord Cornwallis, at this place, on the 19th of October, 
1781 ; an event, in which La Fayette took a very ac- 
tive and useful part; perhaps no general in the siege, 
under Washington, was more active and useful — an 
event, also, which had great and immediate influence 
with the iilnghsh government, to acknowledge our in- 
dependence and offer terms of an honorable peace. 
General La Favette had been invited, some weeks be- 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 245 

fore, to be present in Yorktown, at this time. The 
Ex-Presidents Jefferson and Madison, were also invited 
tb attend, but they both declined. Mr. Madison's want 
of health prevented ; and Mr. Jefferson declined on 
account of age and infirmity. AVe give his letter in 
reply to the ivitation. 

'' Monticello, Oct. 9, 1824. 
« Sir, 
*' 1 received, on the 2d instant, your favor of Sep- 
tember 27, conveying to me the obliging invitation of 
the volunteer companies of the state, lo meet them and 
their distinguished guest. Gen. Lvi Fayette, at York on 
the i9th instant. No person rejoices more than I do at 
the effusions of gratitude with which our fellow-citi- 
zens, in all parts, are receiving this their antient and 
virtuous friend and benefactor ; nor can any other more 
cordiallj^ participate in their sentiments of affection to 
him. Age and infirmities, however, disable me from 
repairing to distant occasions of joining personally in 
these celebrations; and leave me to avail myself of the 
opportunity which the friendship of the General will 
give by his kind assurance of a visit. He will here 
have the pleasure of reviemng a scene which his mili- 
itary manoeuvres covered from the robberies and rav- 
ages of an unsparing enemy. Here, then, I shall have 
the vi'elcom.e opportunity of joining with my grateful 
neighbors in manifestations of our sense of his protec- 
tion peculiarly afforded to us, and claiming our special 
remembrance and acknowledgements. But I shall not 
the less participate with my distant brethren by sin- 
cerely sympathising in their warmest expressions of 
gratitude and respect to their country's guest. 

" With this apology for my inability to profit of the 
v 2 



^4&' MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

honorable invitation of the vo'uateer companies, 1 pray 
yon to accept for them and yourself the assurance of 
my high respect and consideration. 

TH : JKFFERSON." 

Hon. Mr.. Marshall, the Chief Justice of the United 
States. Major-General Taylor of the Virginia militia, 
Mr. Bassett, many yt^ars a membei- of Congress from 
the state, and a committee from Yorktown, went in the 
steam boat to meet General La Fayette. The address 
of one of the committee, on his etitering the Vir^^nia 
5team boat, was as follows : 

'-'• We are deputed by our fellow citizens now assem- 
bled at Yorktown, to welcome you to Virginia. 

*i We will not recount, in y.)ur presence, the real 
services you have rendered this republic, and the vir- 
tues that so endear you to us, lesteven the simple voice 
of truth might pain the deficacy of a mind like yours. 
But the emotions we all feel, of gratitude, affection and 
veneration for you ; emotions rendered more intense in 
each, by the universal sympathy of others ; these we 
cannot suppress. In the numerous assembly, n.iW anx- 
iously awaiting your arrival, they are »wellingin every 
bosom, and hanging on every tongue, and beaming from 
every eye. 

^* Yes, sir, you '' read your history in a nation's 
eyes." A whole people unite in one deep and glowing 
sentiment of respect and love towards you. Whereso- 
ever you go, the old gre'^t you as their leader in arms, 
and their companion in toil and danger; the partaker, 
too, of theit triumph. The young have been taught, 
from their earliest childhood, to honor and to bless 
your name. The mothers and the daughters of the 
land shed tears of joy at your approach. Your name is 



MEMOIP.S OF £A FAi'F.TTEr >c4 r 

associated in the memory of us all, wiili every nam.e, 
and with m st of the events in our aniials, deapest to 
the Vm^rican heart j with the illustrious arul revered 
name ol" Washington, and with the most glorious achieve- 
ments of the revolution. 

'^ But, of ail the state- in the Union — though we will 
not say that Virginia is the most grateful — yet she cer- 
tainly owes you the largest debt of gratitud€^. This 
state was the c!»ief scene of your services. In the day 
of her gn atest peril, in the darkest hour of her dis- 
tress, when invading arniie* threatened to overrun the 
country, and all the horrors of war were pointed a- 
gainst our very dwellings; Washington s<^lected you, 
his youthful friend, for the chief coi-.mand, and secure- 
ly entrusted the defence ol' his native »tate to your cour- 
age and conduct. How zealously you undertook, how 
well 3'ou fultiiled the arduou-* part assigned you, with 
what honor to yourself, and wish what adxantage to ..s, 
no iirne shall obliterate the remembrance The i:;eiie- 
ral of the enem}^, in effect, ptonounced your eulogium, 
when conscious of his own abilities, Und confiding in the 
superiorty of his forces, he vauritingly said, "" The boy 
Cannot escape mo."" History record-, not only t'lat rur 
youthful general did escape him, but that he held safe 
the far greater part of the country, in spite of his ut- 
most efforts; and came at last to yonder spot, to assist 
in the capture of his army; to witness the downfall of 
his hopes, the humihatio ; (.} his pride, and the last ef- 
fort of British power against Ameri< an Ae :(!om And 
now, after the lapse of foity-three years, he visits l!.e 
Same spot again — happy to renrw there the gh r ous 
recollections of the past ; and yet, happier, we hope, 
to see how dearly we appreciate t! e blessings oi libera 
ty and independence which he assisted «s to achieve. 



248 MF.MOIRS OF LAFAYETTE. 

" On that spot, sir, we are most proud fo receire 
you. We hail you as the hero of hberty and the friend 
of man. We greet you as the bosom friend of Wash- 
ington. We greet you as one of the father's of the re- 
public." 

General La Fayette answered — 

'' I am happy, sir, to find myself again, after a long 
absence, and to be so kindly welcomed, on the beloved 
soil of the state of Virginia ; that state, to which I am 
bound by so many old ties of gratitude, devotion, and 
mutual confidence. It is to the patriotic support I 
found in the civil authorities of this state, whose gener- 
ous spirit had already shone from the beginning of the 
revolutionary contest ; it is to the zeal, the courage, 
the perseverance of the Virginia militia, in conjunction 
with our small gallant continental army, that we have 
been indebted for the success of a campaign arduous in 
its beginning, fruitful in its happy issue. Nothing can 
be more gratifying to my feelings, than the testimonies 
1 receive of my living still in the hearts of the Virgini- 
ans ; and I beg you, sir, to be pleased to accept, and 
transmit to the citizens of this state, the cordial tribute 
of my grateful, constant and affectionate respect." 

The beach and the heights of Yorktown were filled 
with anxious spectators : the anticipation was intense. 
The Governor and Council were stationed on a tempo- 
rary wharf, erected for the occasion, to receive him. 
Judges, revolutionary patriots, officers of the army, in- 
vited guests and citizen^, were also in waiting, in a sep- 
arate group. La Fayette landed with his companions, 
and supported by Colonels l-ass.-tt, liarvie, Peyton and 
Jones ; who introduced him lo the Governor of the 
State. The latter received him with the following 
speech :-* 



S^iEMOIRS OF LA FAyET'I*E. 2^ 

" General La Fayette, 

''Sir — On behalf of the p6ople of Virginia, I tender to 
you a most cordial and hearty welcome to our State. 

" In you we recognise the early, the stedfast, thfe 
consistent friend. Whilst the United Slates in general, 
owe you so large a debt of gratitude, for the liberal ten- 
der of your purse, your person and your blood in their 
behalf, the state of Virginia, is, if possible, still more 
deeply indebted to you. — You were her defender in the 
hour of her greatest trial. At the early age of twenty 
four years, with an army greatly inferior in numbers, 
and still more in equipments and discipline, ypu conduct- 
ed your military movements with so much judgment, 
that the ablest officer of the British army could never 
obtain the slightest advantage over you ; and whilgt that 
officer spent his time in harrassing our distressed state, 
you manoeuvred before him with the most unceasing 
caution and vigilance, with a steady eye, to that grand 
result, which brought the war to a crisis on the plains 
of York. 

" Forty-three years from that period, we have the 
hapiness to find you in our country, the vast improve- 
ment of which is the most conclusive evidence of the 
correctness of the principles for which you contended 
by the side of Washington. 

" I will conclude, sir, by the expression of a sentiment, 
which I believe lo be strictly true ; — It is, that no man, 
at any time has ever received the effusions of a nation's 
feelings, which have come so directly from the heart." 
The General advanced, and grasping the Gover- 
nor's hand, said, — " I am gratified sir, most highly grat- 
ified, by the reception you have given me on the part 
of the state of Virginia, The i^appy conduct and th« 



S^50 MEMOIRS OP LA FAYETt£. 

successful termination of the decisive campaign, ifl 
which jou have the goodness to ascribe to me so large 
a part, were attributable much more to the constituted 
authorities and people of Virginia, than to the general 
who was honored with the chief military command. 1 
have the livliest recollection of all the scenes of my 
services in this state, and of all the men with whom it 
was my happiness and honor to serve — and happy as I 
was to assist and witness the accomplishment of Ameri- 
can liberty and independence, I have been yet happier 
in the assurance that the blessings which have flowed 
from that great event, have exceeded the fondest and 
most sanguine expectations." 

The General was then successively introduced to the 
councillors, the judges, the revolutionary officers, and 
a number of citizens. The procession then advanced — 
Gen. La Fayette, the Governor, Chief Justice, and Mr. 
Galhoun, the Secretary of War, seated in the barouche. 
Next La Fayette's son and suite, and the Council, &c. 
&c. in regular succession. It advanced (the General's 
head uncovered) amidst the salutes from the artillery 
company stationed on the heights and from the steam 
boats and small craft — and amid the full swell of music. 
It passed through the long lines of citizens and old rev- 
olutionary soldiers arranged in two columns. It wound 
up the hill, and fin ally terminated at the General's quar- 
ters. — On entering the house (Gen. Nelson's) he was 
cheered by a crowd of citizens. 

The introduction of a number of ladies and citizens 
followed — receiving all with interest and the quiet dig- 
nity of a spirit at peace within itself, and pleased with 
all the world. The most interesting of these inter- 
views were with th e soldiers of the revolution. One 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 25 1 

91 them advanced, seized the General by the hand, 
exclaiming, ^* I was with you at Yorktown. I entered 
yonder redoubt at your side. I too was at the siile of 
the gallant De Kalb, xour ; ssociate in arra^, when he 
fell in he field.'' The tears st.eame-d from the vete- 
ran's eyes ; and La Fayette vhowed by his countenance 
the sympathy he felt. '^ Yes, m\ brave soldier, I am 
happy to have lived, to meet you once more." 

After a short time, La Fayette, respecting that ines- 
timable spirit of eqiJahty which pervades over free in- 
stitutions, wi^nt forth to salute the crowd of citizens 
who stood in the street. He was stationed at, the gate, 
and the long line of gratified spectators passed by him. 
F.ach person seized his hand a« he passed him. ! o 
all La Fayette extended soase mark of kindness and 
consideration. The spectacle was deeply impressive. 
The variety of manners in the different spectators wtis 
singularly striking. Some as they approached, tixed 
their eyes on his fare, and lingered after they had pass- 
ed, as if to drink in tne last expression of its counte- 
nance. Others advanced with the deepest feelings of 
awe, with their eyes cast upon the earth. 

On Monday. La Fayette dined with a select company 
of some 20 or 30, consisting of the revolutionary offi- 
cers, ike. At night, some transparencies were exhibit- 
ed over the door of his house, and under the Richmond 
marquee. 

In truth, the scene exceeded all rational expecta- 
tion : I he committee of arrangements deserve much 
encomium for their enterprising .spirit and judicious ef- 
forts. It is a scene which no man who saw it will er- 
er forget. The Virginians appeared in their true col- 
ours. — The moral eifects of this spectacle were sub- 



2bz MEMOmS CF LA FAYETTE. 

lime. There was an effect in it, which no words x^an 
describe. Tears streamed from an hundred ejes. The 
sentiments it diffused through several thousands of spec- 
tators, were, of the loftiest character. 

On this day, Monday 18th, the reception was purely 
civic, not a soldier appeared under arms. But on the 
191h the military spectacle was imposing and briUiant. 
Soon after breakfast, La Fayette walked from his 
quarters, to the tent of W;>shington, surrounded by the 
committee of arrangements and others. Numbers 
were then introduced to him — many ladies, the veteran 
soldiers of the revolution, citizens from other states and 
all quarters of Virginia. 

Col. Wm. I. Lewis, of Campbell, was introduced to 
him, and delivered the following address : — 

''Gkn. La Fayette, 

'' The sons of the mountains join most cordially their 
low land brethren in welcoming your return to this 
country, they are the more delighted at this particular 
period, because after an absence of about forty years, 
you will now be a witness of the happy (effects of self 
government, founded on the natural rights of man — • 
rights, which you so nobly contributed to establish. Lit- 
tle did you think when in j'outhful age, you voluntarily 
put your life in your hand, and crossed the stormy bil- 
lows of the deep, to %ht and bleed for the independence 
of America, that the results would have been so won- 
derful. At that period we were only a handful of peo- 
ple, for in every thing of military import, except an 
invincible love and attachment for liberty — we fought, 
and thanks to La Fayette and his native nation, we con- 
quered ! — Now we see the rcsult^we have nearly by 
the offspring of our own loins increased to more than 



MEMOIRS OP LA PAYETTE. 253 

10,000,000 of people cleared the immeasurable forests 
of savages, and wild beasts, and in their places are cul- 
tivating rich fields, building villages, towns, and cities; 
our commerce is spread over every sea, and our navy 
rides triumphant on the ocean. Such are the effects of 
free government, founded on equal rights, supported by 
wise and merciful laws faithfully executed ! — There is 
but one allov to our pleasure of meeting you — we 
drf^ad your return to Europe. The despots of that 
countr envy _your increasing glory, founded on virtue, 
which they cannoi imitate ; and their political fears may 
again incarserate you in the grated walls of a dungeon ! 
Stay then with us, La Fayette — stay with us — here ia 
every house you will find a homs and in every heart 
a friend — we will with filial affection rock with gen- 
tleness the cradle of your dic'ining age; and when it 
shall please the God of universal nature to call you to 
himself, crowned with the ble^ssin^s of at least one free 
and mighty nation, we will then with holy devotion 
bury your bones by the side of your adf^pted and im- 
' mortal father, and moisten your tomb with the tears 
of love and gratitude," 

The costume and whole appearance of Cul. Lewis 
were striking and interesting ; !:•-' h:.d on the nountain 
•^ress. On the conclusion ot ih- ati- ress, the General 
grasped him with both hands, and m the mosl touchiog 
manner, bej^ged him to convf-y to his rnou'-tain friends 
his most affectionate acknwwledgments for this testimo- 
ny of their kindness. He recounted the services which 
their gallantjy had formerly rendered him He dwelt 
' with delight upon the interest they now muiUtested in 
his happiness. 

About 11 o^clock, the procession began to form for 
X 



254 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE^ 

the triumphal arch, erected on the ruins of (he Itock 
Redoubt, standing within six yards of the river's bank. 
The ceremony of the reception at that most interesting 
point, was pathetic beyond expression. The old Gen- 
eral advanced up the hillock which leads to the redoubt, 
limping and supported by the Governor, with his aids 
and members of the committee of arrangement. A 
large column of officers and citizens followed them. 
\l hen La Fayette had reached the triumphal arch, 
General Taylor stepped from the simicircular group, 
which was formed near the river's bank, saluted him 
with profound respect, and addressed him in the fol- 
lowing manner : 

" Gf.neral, 

" < m behalf of my comrades, 1 bid you wecome. 
They come to greet you, with no pageantry, intended 
to surprise by its novelty, or dazzle by its splendour : 
But they brmg you. General, an offering which wealth 
could not purchase, nor power constrain. On this day, 
associated with so many thrilling recollections ; on this 
spot, consecrated by successful valour, they come to 
offer you this willing homage of their hearts. 

" Judge, General, of their feehngs at this moment 
by your own. Every thing around them speaks alike 
to their senses and sensibilities. These plains, where 
the peaceful plow-share has nut yet effaced the traces 
of military operations ; these half decayed ramparts, 
this ruined village, in which the bombs' havoc is still 
every where visible, tell us of past warfare ; and remind 
VIS of that long, arduous and doubtful struggle, on the 
igsue of which depended the emancipation of our country. 

" On yonder hillock, the last scene of blood was 
closed by the surrender of an army; and the liberty © 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE- 256 

cor nation permanently secured. With what resistless 
eloquence does it pursuade our gratitude and admira- 
tion for the gallant heroes, to whose noble exertions we 
owe the countless blessings which our free institutions 
have conferred upon us ? 

" "I'he spot on which we stand was once a redoubt 
occupied by our enemy. With how rapid a pencil 
does imagination present the blooming chieftain, by 
whom it was wrested from his grasp. Can we be 
here and forget, that superiar to the prejudices which 
then enchained even noble minds, he perceived in the 
first and almost hopeless struggles of a distant and 
obscure colony, the movement of that mora! power, 
which was destined to give a nc.v direclioa and char. 
acter to political institutions, and to improve human 
happiness. Can we forget, that, deaf to the soHcitatioiis 
of power, of rank, and of pleasure, with a noble prodi- 
gality, he gave to our country his sword, his treasure, 
and the influence of his example. 

'^ And when in the aged warrior who stands before us, 
we recognise that youthful chieftain, with what rapid- 
ity does memory retrace the incidents of his eventful 
life ? With what pleasure do we see his manhood real- 
ize the promise of his youth ? In senates or in camps, Ie 
the palaces of kings, or in their dungeons^ we behold 
the same erect and manly spirit. At one time temper- 
ing the licentiousness of popular feeHng ; at another 
restraining the extravagance of power, and always re- 
gardless of every thing but the great object of his life, 
the moral and paUtical improvement of mankind. 

" General — In the brightest days of antiquity, no arti- 
ficial stimulus of rank or power, or wealth, was requir- 
ed to excite noble minds to acts of jgenerous daring, ^ 



%^ ilKMOlRS OF LAFAtETTE. 

wreath of laurel, or of oak, was at once the proof and 
the reward of illustrious merit. For this, statesmen 
meditated, warriors bled, and eloquence soared to its 
sublimest heights. The prize was invaluable; for, it 
was won only by merit. It detracted, however, some- 
what from its worth, that it was conferred by the par- 
tiaiity of compatriots, and in the fervor of admiration 
inspired by recent success. 

" Your life, General, illustrious throughout, in this 
also is distinguished. — Time which dims the lustre of 
©rdinary merit, has rendered yours more brilliant. Af- 
ter a lapse of^early half a century, your triumph is 
decreed by the sons of those who witnessed your ex- 
ploits. 

" Deign then, General, to accept the simple but ex:^ 
pressive token of their gratitude and admiration. Suf- 
^^r their leader to place upon your veteran brow the 
©nly crown it would not disdain to wear, the blended 
embltms of civic worth and martial prowess. It will 
;aot pain you, General, to perceive some scattered 
Fprigs of melancholy cypress intermingled with tb& 
blended leaves of laurel and oak. Your heart would 
turn from us wish fgenerous indignation, if on an occa- 
sion like this, amid the joyous acclamations which 
greet yon, every where, were heard no sighs of grate- 
Jul recollection for those gallant men who shared yous 
)i>attles, but do not, cannot share your triumph. The 
wreath which our gratitude has woven to testify our 
love for you, will lose nothing of its fragrance, or its 
verdure, though time hang upon its leaves some teai-s 
©f pious recollection of the friend of your early youth : 
In war the avenger, in peace, the father of his couatry. 

*' In behalf then, of all the chivalry of Virginia ; on 



MEM01K5 OF LA FAYETTE. 257 

this redoubt, which his valour wrested from the en- 
emy at the point of the bayonet ; I place on the head 
of Major General La Fayette this wreathe of double 
triumph: — won by numerous and illustrious acts of 
martial prowess, and by a life devoted to the happiness 
of the human race. In their names, I proclaim him 
alike victorious in arms and acts of civil polity. In ban- 
nered fields, a hero — in civil Hfe, the benefactor of 
mankind.'" 

La Fayette was deeply affected. There was a sol- 
emn earnestness in his manner, a touching sensibility 
in his whole countenance which most deeply impressed 
every observer. Many wept — all were moved. When 
Gen. Taylor had closed his address, he was about to fix 
the civic wreath upon the General's head. But the 
considerate veteran, always himself, always attentive to 
the slightei^t proprieties of word and action, caught the 
hovering wreath as it approached his brow with his 
right hand, and respectfully bowing, dropt it to his side, 
when he thus- replied : 

'• I most cordhUly thank you, my dear general, and 
your companions in arms, for your atTectionate welcome} 
jour kind rt roiloctions, and the flattering expressions 
of your frieiuisiiip. IJay)py I am to receive them on 
these already ancient lines, where the united arms of 
America and France have been gloriously engaged in 
a holy alliance to .^upport the rights of American In- 
dependence, and the sacred pjiiiciple of the sovereignly 
of the people. Hapr;y also to be so welcomed or; the 
particular spot where my dear light infantry comrad{>s 
acq'iired one of their honcralle claims to public love 
and esteem. You know, sir, that in this business of 
storming redoubts, with unloaded urni'- anH W-.i.-^:} bnvo' 
\ 2 



258 MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

nets, the merit of the deed is in the soldiers who exe- 
cute it, and to each of them, I am anxious to acknowl- 
edge their equal share of honor. Let me, however, 
with affection and gratitude, pay a special tribute to 
the gallant name of Hamilton, who commanded the at- 
tack, to the three field otlicers who seconded him, Gimat, 
Laurens and Fish, the only surviving one, my friend now 
near me. In their name, my dear general, in the name 
of the light infantry, those we have lost as well as those 
Avho survive, and only in common with them, 1 accept 
the crown with which you are pleased to honor us, and 
I offer you the return of the most grateful acknwledge^ 
ments.'' 

When he had closed, he gave a new proof of the 
rapidity of his copceptions, the generosity of his soul, 
the uniform modesty of his character. The very mo- 
ment he concluded, (never having been prepared for 
such a scene, never having seen the address, never hav- 
ing suspected the presentation of the wreath) lie 
turned round and drew Col. Fish to the front. '' Here 
he exclaimed, "half of this' wreath belongs to you." 
"^^ No sir, it is all your own." " Then" said La Fayette, 
putting it inty Col. Fish's hand, take it and preserve it 
as owr common property .^^ 

The whole scene was strongly marked by the moral 
sublime. This ceremony over, the grand review com- 
menced. La Fayette stood near the arch, and the vol- 
t»mteer companies, and the U. S. troops passed him in 
regular succession, with flags flying and music floating 
in the air. The troops then formed themselves again 
in line, and La Fayette on foot, passed down the line. 
Ue was carried to the obelisk, situated on the spot 
where Vimiojaei had stormed the second redoubt.— The 



MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETlT. 23f9 

review over, and La Fayette having seen, and been 
seen by all the troops, he mounted his barouche in com- 
pany with the g:oTernor, and was followed by the oth- 
er carriages. The whole body of military and citizens 
then moved to the field, near to which the British troops 
had grounded their amis in ,1781. Between these, and 
the amphitheatre, where at least one thousand ladies 
sat, the barouche passed on near to the ladies, who con- 
tinued to wave their white handkerchiefs as he slowly 
moved on. "Ladies, receive my warm thanks foryour 
kind vv'elcome,'* was constantly upon his lips. 

The whole scene defies description. Here were the 
fields, which forty-three years ago, had witnessed the 
tread of a conquered enemy! A thousand associations 
of this description rushed upon the mind. Now, filled 
with an aniniaied and joyous throng of from lU to 15,000 
persons. The spectacle surpassed all expeclation ; all 
expression. 

^Vhen at the tomb of Washington, (se^ p^^ge 245) 
Mr. Custis addressed him as follows: — 

^' Last of the generals of the army of Independence ! 
At this awful and impressive moment, when forgetting 
the splendour of a triumph greater than Roman consul 
ever had, you bend with reverence over the remains of 
Washington, the child of Mount Vernon presents you 
with this token, containing the hair of him, whom while 
living you loved, and to v^ hose honored grave you now 
pay the manly and affecting tribute of a patriot's and a 
soldier's tear. 

" The ritig has ever been an emblem of tlie union 
of hearts from the earliest ages of the world ; and this 
will unite the affections of all the Americans to the per- 
son and posterity of La Fayette, now and hereafter. 



260 AiEMOIRS OF LA PAYETTE. 

And when your descendants of a distant day shall be- 
hold this valued relic, it will remind them of the hero- 
ic virtues of their illustrious sire, who received it, not 
in the palaces of princes, or amid the pomp and vani- 
ties of life, but at the laurelled grave of Washington. 

'' Do you ask, — is this the Mausoleum befitting the 
ashes of a Marcus Aurelius, or the good Antonius ? I 
tell you, that the father of his country lies burled in the 
hearts of his countrymen; and in those of the brave, 
the good, the free, of all ages and nations. Do you 
seek for the tablets, which are to convey his fame to 
immoi tallity ? They have long been written in the 
freedom and happiness of their country. These are 
the monumental trophies of Washington the great ; and 
will endure when the proudest works cf art have '^ dis- 
solved and left not a wreck behind " 

'• Venerable man ! Will you never tire in the cause 
of freedom and human happiness? Is it not time that 
you should rest from your labours, and repose on the 
bosom of a country, which delights to love and honor 
you, and will teach her children's children to idess 3^our 
name and memory? Surely, where liberty dwells, there 
must be the country of La Fayette. 

"Our lathers witnessed the dawn of 3'our glory, par- 
took of its meridian splendour; and oh, let their chil- 
dren enjoy the benign radiance of your setting sun. And 
when it shall sink in the horizon of n;jiure, hese^ here 
with pious duty, we will form your sepulchre; and, 
united in death as in life, by the side .i the great chief 
you will rest in peace, till the last trum{) auakes the 
slumbering world, and calls your virtues to their great 
reward. 

'•'' The joyous shouts 0/ millions ^}( i\eoiae:i builQd 



MSMOlRS OF LA FAYETrE. 2&1 

your returning foot-print on our sands. The arms of 
miliioos are opened wide to take you to their grateful 
hearts ; and the prayers of millions ascend to the throne 
of the Eternal, that the choicest blessings of heavea 
may cheer the latest days of La Fayette." 

General La Fayette having received the ring, press- 
ed it to hi-» bosom, and replied — 

" The feelings, which at this awful moment oppress 
my heart, do not leave the power of utterance- I can 
only thank you, my dear Custis, for your precious gift. 
I pay a silent homage to the tomb of the greatest and 
best of men, my paternal friend." 

General La Fayette was escorted to his quarters by 
the troops, and a sumptuous dinner provided for him, 
and the distinguished civil and military characters who 
were present on the occasion. The following morning> 
the officers of the volunteer companies present, prepar- 
ed a military breakfast. Thp table was spread in the 
tent of Washington, which was pitched at the volun- 
teer's encampment. He left York Wednesday after- 
noon, and reached Willinmsburg in the evening, where 
he was received with open arms by the citizens. 
Kence he proceeded to Norfolk, where he had been 
previously invited, and where great preparations were 
made to receive him according to his distinguished 
merit, and his highly important services to the country. 
From Norfolk he was to proceed to Richmond ; and 
thence farther south through North and South Caroli- 
na, to Georgia. Invitations have been given him to 
visit Kentucky, Tennessee and Ohio; but it is proba- 
ble he will decline them. For he intends returning to 
Washington in December, and to spend most of the 



262 MEM6lRS^ OP LA FATETTE. 

winter season in that city. Early in the spring, he 
will probably visit the northern stales again ; and em- 
bark for France, at Boston, some time in June or July. 
There is a strong and very general desire that La 
Fayette should pass the remainder of his life in the 
United States; and that the national government should 
provide a respectable establishment for him and his 
family in this country. That the representatives of 
the people will be ready to grant an honorable stipend, 
there cannot be a doubt. But France is his native 
country and his home. There* are his children and big 
grand children. There, it is natural, he should desird 
to pass his few remaining years. And such an inten- 
tion, we believe, he has expressed. What will be his 
final resolution on the subject, we will not conjecture. 



From the New York Commercial Advertiser. 
LA FAYETTE. 
O deep was the gloom on our sad land descending, 

And wild was the moan from the tempest's dread fornr, 

While the heroes and sires of our country were bending 

Their souls to their God, and their brows to the storm. 

Who bounds to the shore from the dark bosom'd ocean. 
In the sparkle and pride of his beauty and youth ? 

His ardent mind burning, his soul all devotion, 
To the high cause of liberty, justice and truth? 

He joins the bold band, who, with spirits undaunted, 
Strive to guard and to win, ali man's bosom holds dear j 

It is done ! thoy have triumphM ! and heaven has granted 
Fair freedom to crown their majestic careen 



MfeMftlRS OP LA PATltTE. 563 

How lovely the land where the bright sun is flinginjg 
The purple and gold from his throne in the west ! 

There millions of hearts in their gladness are singing, 
There iinds the poor exile contentment and rest. 

The eagle that rush'd on a torn, bloody pinion, 
AndsoarM to the sky 'mid the cidmors of fight, 

Now wings his proud way in untroubled dominion, 
While the nations all silently gaze on his flight. 

Who comes o'er the billow with head bent and hoary, 

With lull throbbing heart, and with glistening eye? 
Past years roll before him — the scene of his glory 

Fills his heart with emotions, deep, solemn and high- 
Great man ! thy lov'd name to the skies is ascending, 

A name whose remembrance no time can destroy. 
While gladness and grief are within us contending, 

For all thou hast suffer'd, and all xi^e enjoy. 

We will rank thee with him, who was sent us by heaven , 
Ye shall meet in our hearts as in glory ye met : 

Spread, ye winds, the ^lad news ! to our wishes is givet^ 
The friend ol our Washington, brave La Fayette^ 

TO LA FAYETTE. 

WeHl search the earth, and search the sea^ 

To cull a gallant wreath for thee ; 

And every field tor treedom fought, 

And every mouatain-height, where au^ht 

Oi liberty can yet be found. 

Shall be our bloommg harvest-ground^ 



tQi4: IffiMOIRS OF LA VkVWtXt. 

Laurels in garlands hang upon 
Thermopylae and Marathon ;— 
On Bannockburn the thistle grows; — 
On Runnymead the wild rose blows ; — 
And on the banks of Boyne, its leaves 
Green Erin's shamrock wildly weaves. 
In France, in sunny France, we'll §et 
The Fleur-de-Irs and mignonette 
From every consecrated spet, 
Where lies a martyr'd Huguenot ; — 
And cull even hre, from many a field, 

And many a rocky height, 
Bays, that our vales and mountains yiel^ 

Where men have met to fight 
For law, and liberty, and life. 
And died in freedom's holy strife. 
Beiow Atlantic seas, — below 

The waves of Erie and Champlaia, 
The sea-grass and the corals grow 

In rostral trophies round the slain ; 
And we can add to form thy crown, 
Some branches worthy thy renown. 
Long nny the chaplet flourish brightj 
And borrow from the Hea^vens its li^ht! 
As wiih a cloud th;it circles round 

A star, when other diars are set, 
W^ith glory shall thy brow be bound, 
W'ith glory shall thy he^:) be crowned, 

With glory-sturiike cinctured yet:— 
Fof air, and earlh, and sky, and sea. 
Shall yield a glorious wreath to thee. 



